The application of the strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis in the nonsurgical correction of complex auricular deformity

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis for the nonsurgical correction of complex auricular deformities. Methods: Clinical data were collected from 2020 to 2021 for 6 patients who underwent correction using a stripshaped cymba conchae orthosis. The indications, corrective effects, and complications associated with use of the orthosis were analyzed. Results: There were four indications for treatment: cryptotia with helix adhesion;cryptotia with grade I microtia;cryptotia with excessive helix thickness;and auricular deformity beyond the treatment time window(≥6 months). Excellent corrective effects were observed in all 6 patients. Complications occurred in one patient, who recovered after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: The use of a strip-shaped cymba conchae orthosis alone or combined with a U-shaped helix orthosis presents a feasible approach for correcting complex auricular deformities or deformities beyond the treatment time window in pediatric patients.

Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Inorganic Elemental Determinations of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Jiaozhou Bay:The construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint Based on Chemometric Analysis

The goal of this paper is to explore the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification ofMeretricis concha, which is a commonly used marine traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for the treatment of asthma and scald bums. For that, the inorganic elemental contents ofMeretricis concha from five sampling points in Jiaozhou Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and the comparative investigations based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements （A1, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn） of the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and the previous reported Rushan Bay were performed. It has been found that the samples from the two bays are ap- proximately classified into two kinds using hierarchical cluster analysis, and a four-factor model based on principle component analysis could explain approximately 75% of the detection data, also linear discriminant analysis can be used to develop a prediction model to distinguish the samples from Jiaozhou Bay and Rushan Bay with accuracy of about 93%. The results of the present investi- gation suggested that the inorganic elemental fingerprint based on the combination of the measured elemental content and chemom- etric analysis is a promising approach for verifying the geographical origin ofMeretricis concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Effects of electroacupuncture at auricular concha area on the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in p-chlorophenylalanine-induced insomnia rats

Backgroud:The electroacupuncture of auricular concha area(EA-ACR)proved to have a good regulatory effect on insomnia and the release of melatonin,which is most closely related to sleep.However,there is little research to demonstrate the relationship between EA-ACR and melatonin.The objective of present study is to observe the effects of EA-ACR on the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in p-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia rats.Methods:The study divided 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly into three groups:12 in blank group,12 in model group,and 12 in EA-ACR group.By using PCPA intraperitoneal injection for 2 days,insomnia model was established.EA-ACR group was treated for 28 days.We observed the effects of EA-ACR on the rats'behavioral changes,open-field test and weight during the experiment.After the experiment,the rat tail and heart blood were collected,and the melatonin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared with the blank group,28–30 hours after PCPA intraperitoneal injection,the circadian rhythm of sleep and the total sleep time of model rats decreased.Compared with the model group,electrical stimulation in the ear concha region could effectively reverse the behavioral changes of rats,and increase the trend of weight growth(P=0.010),the crossing score(P=0.014),vertical motion score(P=0.015)and the level of plasma melatonin secretion(P=0.020)with the trend showing a rhythmic pattern(0–60 minutes upward,60–120 minutes downward,120–150 minutes upward).Conclusion:EA-ACR can improve the quality of life(weight),ameliorate exploring irritable and anxiety behaviors in PCPA-induced insomnia rats.The underlying effects of EA-ACR may be excited on the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion in PCPA-induced insomnia rats.

An Unusual Presentation of Fungal Mass in Concha Bullosa

Fungal infection usually involves the paranasal sinuses. This is a rare case of fungal mass in concha bullosa. A 19-year-old immunocompetent female patient presented with nasal obstruction. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed enlarged middle turbinate on left side. CT showed heterogenous opacity and enlargement of left middle turbinate. Intraoperatively, middle turbinate was found to be filled with cheesy material which was culture positive for Aspergillus fumigatus.

CGD-1, a defensin-related peptide derived from marine Chinese medicine Ostreae concha, inhibits the Gram-negative bacteria by membrane attack

There is an increasing interest in discovering new antibacterial agents derived from nature to enhance the treatment of various bacterial infections.Defensins and their derived peptide fragments exhibit significant antibacterial activity without any cytotoxic effects,making them attractive features for potential novel antibacterial therapeutics.Crassostrea gigas,a traditional seafood that has been used worldwide for centuries,has its shells applied in Chinese medicine as Ostreae concha.In this study,bioinformatics analysis was used to obtain a novel antibacterial peptide,CGD-1,derived from marine Chinese medicine Ostreae concha.The physicochemical characterization and circular dichroism analysis results demonstrated that CGD-1 assembled into anα-helical structure in a simulated membrane environment,and it displayed antibacterial action against Gram-negative bacteria.The minimal inhibitory concentrations against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922 were 25μM.CGD-1 was able to efficiently permeate the cell membrane.Changes in bacterial cell morphology were evaluated using a field emission scanning electron microscope.The results suggested that CGD-1 exerted its antibacterial activity through permeabilizing and disrupting the bacterial cell membrane.Therefore,CGD-1 may have potential applications in fighting against pathogenic bacteria such as P.aeruginosa and E.coli.

Impacts of electroacupuncture at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes

Objective:To observe the impacts of electroacupuncture(EA)at auricular concha on gastrointestinal motility in the rats with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods:A total of 30 SD male rats were collected.8 rats of them were in a control group and the rest22 rats were prepared as the model of T2D by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin(STZ)and high-fat forage.Blood glucose≥16.7 mmol/L for 3 times was considered as modeling success in rats,thus the rats were collected in a T2D group(n=16).These 16 T2D rats were divided into a model group(n=8)and an intradermal auricular electroacupuncture stimulation(iaES)group(n=8)according to random number table.In the iaES group,intervention with EA was applied at auricular concha unilaterally each time,once daily,on both sides alternatively,5-day treatment as 1 course,at the interval of 2 days between courses,totally for 4 weeks.No any intervention was given in the model group and the control group.At the end of 4 weeks of intervention,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion were determined,ELISA method was adopted to determine gastrin(GAS)and motilin(MTL),and random blood glucose value and food intake were recorded in the iaES group,the model group and the control group successively.Results:After modeling,as compared with the control group,the food intake and random blood glucose were increased significantly(both P<0.001)and body weight was reduced obviously(P<0.01)in the T2D group.After intervention for 4 weeks,compared with the model group,the food intake and gastric content weight were obviously reduced(both P<0.05),the serum GAS content,gastric emptying and intestinal transit rate,as well as random blood glucose reduction were all higher(all P<0.05)in the rats of the iaES group,but the difference was not significant in MTL between the iaES groups and the model group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at auricular concha improves gastrointestinal motility in T2D model rats.

Mechanism and effect of Shijueming (Concha Haliotidis) on serum calcium in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVE： To observe the impact of Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） on spontaneously hypertensive rats via blood pressure, serum calcium, vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel α1 C subunit （CaL-α1C）, plasma membrane calci- um-ATPase （PMCA） mRNA expression, and the L-type calcium channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS： Twelve-week-old male rats with sponta- neous hypertension were divided into three groups： a Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group （group 1）, a nifedipine group （group 2）, and a dis- tilled water group （group 3）. All were given a four-week treatment. Blood pressure and dissocia- tive serum calcium were examined before treat- ment. Blood pressure was taken every week during treatment. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to examine dissociative serum calcium. Re-verse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of CaL-α1C and PM- CA1 mRNA. The patch clamp technique was used to examine the electrophysiological characteristics of the vascular smooth muscle cell calcium chan- nels. RESULTS： After treatment, blood pressure of the Shijueming （Concha Halioticlis） group lowered but not significantly （P〉0.05）. Blood pressure of the nifedipine group lowered significantly （P〈0.05）. Blood pressure of the distilled water group re- mained high. The concentration of serum calcium in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） and the dis- tilled water groups lowered （P〈0.05）. Expression of CaL-α1C mRNA in the nifedipine group decreased compared with the distilled water group （P〈0.01）. There was the decreasing trend in the Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） group, but it was not statistically significant. Shijueming （Concha Haliotidis） also had effects on the expression of PMCA1 mRNA but with- out statistical significance. However, there was a significant decreasing effect on vascular smooth muscle cell Ica-L flow. CONCLUSION： This study indicated that Shijuem- ing （Concha Haliotidis） could increase serum calci- um and decrease blood pressure. It may work by in- fluencing calcium channels, expression of PMCA1 mRNA, and regulating ion calcium channels and calcium-ATPase.

Auricular concha eletroacupuncture modulates lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress

Objective:To explore whether auricular concha eletroacupuncture(ACEA)is effective in regulating lipidlipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress.Methods:Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in four groups(9 rats in each group),the rats in three groups of which were submitted to cold stress for fourteen days,the last one of which was a control group.After the cold stress process,in those three groups,the rats of one group were with no treatment(stress only),two were treated with either ACEA or auricular margin eletroacupuncture(AMEA)repeated for fourteen days.On the 14th day,all the rats were sacrificed after all experimental procedure for blood sampling.Blood glucose,triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)levels were tested by using the collected serum.Plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT)was measured with ELISA kit.Results:ACEA down-regulated the TG level(P<0.05)and LDL-C level(P<0.05),and up-regulated HDL-C level(P<0.05)and LACT level(P<0.05).AMEA did not regulate the bio-markers.Conclusion:ACEA played an important role in regulating lipid-lipoprotein metabolism in rats submitted to cold stress.

Study on CaCO_3 Decomposition of Various CalcinedShell Drugs by CO_(2-)Gravimetry￣

报道了用ＣＯ＿２重量法分析不同地区石决明、牡蛎、瓦楞子及蛤壳生、煅样品中ＣａＣＯ＿３的含量，发现在这４种贝壳类中药的部分地区煅制品中，存在ＣａＣＯ＿３已部分分解的现象。利用以该法测得的ＣａＣＯ＿３含量，可算出煅制品的ＣａＣＯ＿３分解率（Ｒ＿ｄ值）。实验结果证明Ｒ＿ｄ值与煅烧条件相关，这有助于进行贝壳类中药的煅制工艺分析。

额窦相关头痛患者额隐窝气房发育的影像学特点分析

目的根据国际额窦解剖分类(International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification,IFAC)确定额窦相关头痛患者额隐窝气房变异的出现率,探讨额隐窝气房变异在额窦相关头痛发病中的作用。方法回顾46例额窦相关头痛接受鼻内镜手术治疗患者的鼻窦CT,分析其额隐窝引流区域的额隐窝相关气房,并分析中鼻道变异和鼻窦受累情况。观察其在头痛与否之间表达是否有差异。结果92侧鼻窦CT中,鼻丘气房(agger nasi cell,ANC)出现率为100%(92/92),其次筛泡上气房(supra bulla cell,SBC)为78.3%(72/92),鼻丘上气房(supra agger cell,SAC)为67.4%(62/92),筛泡上额气房(supra bulla frontal cell,SBFC)为27.2%(25/92),鼻丘上额气房(supra agger frontal cell,SAFC)为20.7%(19/92),额窦间隔气房(frontal septal cell,FSC)为8.7%(8/92),眶上筛房(supraorbital ethmoid cell,SOEC)为0%(0/92)。在传统的额窦引流区域,IFAC分类中的SBFC(P=0.0108)和SAC(P=0.0104)和SAFC(P=0.0088)与额窦相关头痛的发生有显著相关。中鼻道变异如泡状中鼻甲也表现出和额窦相关头痛的发生明显相关(P=0.0390)。结论在额隐窝引流通道中,SAC、SAFC、SBFC及泡状中鼻甲的发育异常均与额窦相关性头痛具有明显的相关。

耳甲电针疗法对CUMS诱导抑郁症大鼠的治疗作用及其机制

目的探讨耳甲电针疗法对慢性不可预知温和应激(CUMS)诱导抑郁症大鼠的治疗作用,并基于蛋白激酶A(PKA)/环磷腺苷效应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法选择成年雄性SD大鼠24只,随机分为对照组、模型组、氟西汀组、耳甲电针组,每组6只。对照组正常群养,每日灌胃生理盐水,不予特殊干预,连续35天。模型组、氟西汀组、耳甲电针组孤养,均予CUMS暴露35天。氟西汀组实验第14天开始在CUMS暴露前予盐酸氟西汀灌胃,每日1次,连续21天;耳甲电针组实验第14天开始在CUMS暴露前予电针刺激双侧耳甲神门穴,每日1次,每次30 min,连续21天。实验前和实验第14、35天,称量大鼠体质量;通过旷场实验观察大鼠自发活动行为和探索行为;通过糖水偏好实验评估大鼠快感缺失行为。断头取脑,分离海马组织,采用Western blotting法检测海马组织PKA/CREB信号通路蛋白表达。结果与对照组同期比较,模型组实验第14天与第35天体质量、自发活动行为和探索行为以及糖水偏好指数均显著降低(P均<0.05)。与模型组同期比较,氟西汀组和耳甲电针组实验第35天体质量、自发活动行为和探索行为以及糖水偏好指数均显著升高(P均<0.05)。模型组海马组织PKA-α、p-CREB蛋白相对表达量均显著低于对照组(P均<0.05);氟西汀组和耳甲电针组海马组织PKA-α、p-CREB蛋白相对表达量均显著高于模型组(P均<0.05)。结论耳甲电针疗法能够改善CUMS诱导抑郁症大鼠抑郁样行为,其效果与氟西汀相当;激活海马组织PKA/CREB信号通路可能是其作用机制之一。

瓦楞子的本草考证

瓦楞子为常用的多基原海洋中药,药用历史悠久。《中华人民共和国药典》记载其基原动物为蚶科动物毛蚶Arca subcrenata Lischke、泥蚶Arca granosa Linnaeus或魁蚶Arca inflata Reeve。在查阅历代本草书籍、文献的基础上,对瓦楞子的名称、基原、入药部位、产地分布、药性功效等方面进行系统的本草考证,以正本清源,为其深入研究提供思路。经考证,瓦楞子以“魁蛤”之名首载于《名医别录》,瓦楞子一名首见于《本草备要》。在古代蚶科多种属动物均可入药,最早以肉入药,南北朝至唐代起壳与肉均可入药,其肉名“蚶”,甘、平,为药食两用之品,清代至今所用瓦楞子多为其壳。其壳由单一药味“咸”发展为复合药味“甘、咸”,《本草求真》首次记载其“专入肝”,今认为其主入肝经,兼入肺胃二经。沿海广分布。目前《中华人民共和国药典》只收载其壳为瓦楞子。

牡蛎共生菌Myceliophthora lutea ML-1发酵液的化学成分研究

为研究牡蛎共生菌Myceliophthora lutea ML-1发酵液的化学成分,采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、C18反相柱层析、高效液相色谱等方法对M.lutea ML-1发酵液粗浸膏进行分离纯化;采用高分辨质谱、核磁共振谱等现代波谱技术及文献比对方法鉴定化合物结构,并基于LC-MS/MS分子网络分析M.lutea ML-1发酵液粗浸膏的化学成分。结果表明:从M.lutea ML-1发酵液中分离到5个化合物,即3-methoxy-5-pentadecylphenol(1)、3-methoxy-5-heptadecylphenol(2)、3-methoxy-5-nonadecylphenol(3)、3-methoxy-5-heneicosylphenol(4)和尿嘧啶(5)。分子网络分析显示,M.lutea ML-1发酵液富含多种类型化学成分;除间苯二酚类化合物外,还含有环二肽、酰胺、吲哚等生物碱。综上,从牡蛎共生菌M.lutea ML-1中分离得到的化合物1-4为5-烷基-3-甲氧基苯酚化合物,分子网络分析结果为后续化合物的导向分离提供了思路。

耳甲电针(taVNS)治疗轻度认知障碍研究进展

轻度认知障碍的治疗是老年健康需要解决的难题。基于中医“脑病耳治”理论的新型神经调控技术——耳甲电针(taVNS),可辅助治疗多种神经、精神系统疾病,近年研究发现其对轻度认知障碍有效。对目前国内外耳甲电针治疗轻度认知障碍的研究现状进行综述,探讨其疗效、机制,展示其研究成果,提出进一步研究方向。将为MCI非药物疗法提供可借鉴的新思路,为广大老年患者的认知功能改善和生活品质提高提供新技术。

基于网络药理学与分子对接技术探讨附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠作用机制

目的运用网络药理学和分子对接技术研究附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药配伍治疗失眠的作用机制。方法收集附子、龙骨、牡蛎活性成分并预测其作用靶点;通过GeneCards、OMIM、TTD、DisGeNET数据库筛选失眠靶点,取药物与疾病的交集靶点;采用STRING数据库获得蛋白互作关系,并通过Cytoscape3.9.1进行可视化分析,预测附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠的关键靶点;采用Metascape数据库进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,获得潜在作用通路;采用AutoDock Vina1.1.2软件对核心靶点与主要活性成分进行分子对接。结果获得附子、龙骨、牡蛎43个活性成分,涉及失眠作用靶点34个,其中主要活性成分为磷酸钙、benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、蛋氨酸、新芥酸B等,核心靶点为ALB、GSK3B、TGFB1、ESR1、PPARG、SERPINE1、FGFR1等。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药治疗失眠主要涉及癌症通路、5-羟色胺能突触通路、MAPK信号通路、多巴胺能突触通路等。分子对接验证显示,benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、新芥酸B等主要活性成分与ALB、GSK3B、TGFB1等核心靶点有较强的结合活性。结论附子-龙骨-牡蛎角药配伍使用可能通过磷酸钙、蛋氨酸、Benzoylnapelline、去乙基德利卡因B、新芥酸B等成分,通过作用于ALB、ESR1、PPARG、GSK3B、TGFB1等核心靶点,作用于神经递质调节、炎症因子等信号通路,发挥调节抑郁情绪、改善失眠的作用。

耳甲部电针治疗药物难治性抑郁症疗效观察及其静息态fMRI脑机制初探

目的观察耳电针治疗药物难治性抑郁症(treatment-resistant depression,TRD)临床疗效,探索其静息态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional MRI,rs-fMRI)脑机制。材料与方法招募20例TRD患者,采用耳电针治疗8周,于治疗前(第0周)及治疗后(第8周)用17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)评估抗抑郁疗效;并参加rs-fMRI扫描,以双侧前扣带回喙部(rostral anterior cingulate cortex,rACC)作为种子点,比较治疗前后静息态脑功能连接(resting state functional connectivity,rs-FC)变化,进一步分析HAMD-17评分差值与FC变化相关性,探讨其脑机制。结果17例TRD患者完成临床研究。治疗前后HAMD-17评分具有统计学意义(P<0.001),9例TRD患者完成脑机制研究。右侧rACC-左侧楔前叶/左侧中央后回FC增强,左侧rACC-左侧舌状回/左侧楔前叶/左侧中央后回FC增强;左侧rACC-右侧楔前叶FC降低。左侧rACC-左侧舌状回的增强FC与HAMD-17积分差值呈显著正秩相关(r=0.840,P=0.005)。结论耳甲部电针治疗药物难治性抑郁症有效,其脑机制可能与调节rACC与脑默认模式网络重要脑区楔前叶及联合皮层舌状回FC有关。

基于COI条形码序列的珍珠母及其混伪品的DNA分子鉴定

目的:探讨应用COI条形码序列对珍珠母及其混伪品进行物种鉴定的可行性。方法:用MEGA4.0等软件计算珍珠母及其混伪品种内及种间变异,构建珍珠母及其混伪品的NJ树。结果:珍珠母种内COI序列变异小,种间存在较多的变异位点,种间的遗传距离显著大于种内的遗传距离。通过构建的系统聚类树图可以看出,珍珠母不同来源个体均聚在一起,能够与其混伪品区分开。结论:基于COI序列的DNA条形码技术可以很好的鉴定珍珠母的正品来源及其混伪品。

生、煅牡蛎鉴别研究

目的:研究生牡蛎以及不同温度下煅牡蛎的差异性特征鉴别方法。方法:采用差热分析、红外光谱分析和X射线衍射分析等多种方法对生牡蛎、不同温度下的煅牡蛎以及化学药品碳酸钙、氧化钙进行鉴别。结果:低温下的煅牡蛎成分比生牡蛎更接近于碳酸钙。结论:结合上述分析方法可建立指纹图谱对生、煅牡蛎进行鉴别。

纳米石决明的研究

目的 :研究纳米石决明的制备及特性。方法 :利用惰性气氛的高能球磨装置 ,成功地制备了纳米石决明。用透射电镜 (TEM)、红外光谱 (IR)、X射线光电子能谱 (XPS)和X射线分散能谱仪 (EDX)等对石决明进行了表征。用血清药物化学的方法研究了不同粒径的石决明的主要活性化学成分Zn、Si、Ca等。结果 :在血清中纳米石决明的活性成分的含量显著大于微米石决明。结论 :机体对纳米化石决明的吸收利用程度增高 ,疗效可能增强。