Exploring the potential of olivine-containing copper-nickel slag for carbon dioxide mineralization in cementitious materials

Water-quenched copper-nickel metallurgical slag enriched with olivine minerals exhibits promising potential for the production of CO_(2)-mineralized cementitious materials.In this work,copper-nickel slag-based cementitious material(CNCM)was synthesized by using different chemical activation methods to enhance its hydration reactivity and CO_(2) mineralization capacity.Different water curing ages and carbonation conditions were explored related to their carbonation and mechanical properties development.Meanwhile,thermogravimetry differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction methods were applied to evaluate the CO_(2) adsorption amount and carbonation products of CNCM.Microstructure development of carbonated CNCM blocks was examined by backscattered electron imaging(BSE)with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry.Results showed that among the studied samples,the CNCM sample that was subjected to water curing for 3 d exhibited the highest CO_(2) sequestration amount of 8.51wt%at 80℃and 72 h while presenting the compressive strength of 39.07 MPa.This result indicated that 1 t of this CNCM can sequester 85.1 kg of CO_(2) and exhibit high compressive strength.Although the addition of citric acid did not improve strength development,it was beneficial to increase the CO_(2) diffusion and adsorption amount under the same carbonation conditions from BSE results.This work provides guidance for synthesizing CO_(2)-mineralized cementitious materials using large amounts of metallurgical slags containing olivine minerals.

Corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy beneath a deposit caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria with carbon source starvation in marine environments

Copper-nickel alloys can suffer severe localized corrosion in marine environments containing sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB),but the effect of SRB on the under-deposit corrosion of copper-nickel alloys is unknown.In this work,the corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy beneath a deposit caused by SRB with carbon source starvation in artificial seawater was studied based on electrochemical measurements and surface analysis.Results demonstrate that SRB with an organic carbon starvation can survive in artificial water but most SRB cells have died.The survived SRB cells can attach to the bare and deposit-covered B10 copper-nickel alloy,leading to the corrosion acceleration.Due to the limitation of organic carbon source,the pitting corrosion of B10 copper-nickel alloy caused by SRB is not serious.However,serious pitting corrosion of the deposit-covered B10 copper-nickel alloy can be found both in abiotic and biotic conditions,and the pitting corrosion and uniform corrosion are further accelerated by SRB.There is a galvanic effect between the bare and deposit-covered specimens in the presence of SRB in the early stage but the galvanic effect after 5 d of testing can be neglected due to the low OCP difference values.

Process mineralogy of copper-nickel sulphide flotation by a cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column

In our study we investigated a refractory copper-nickel sulfide ore separation by using a cyclonic-static micro-bubble flotation column (FCSMC). The process mineralogy of the main products was studied. Using a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive system (SEM-EDS) and an X-ray spectrometer the mineral category and content of samples were analyzed. By using a mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) the mineral liberation characteristics were revealed. It is shown that in roughing feed the monomers liberation degree of nickel pyrite and chalcopyrite take up 84.11% and 88.82%, respectively. In tailings, the lost nickel pyrite and chalcopyrite are mainly monomers. Therefore, strengthening the micro-fine particle recovery capacity is the key to increase recovery.

Processing Map of C71500 Copper-nickel Alloy and Application in Production Practice

The isothermal compression tests of C71500 copper-nickel alloy at different temperatures (1 073-1 273 K) and strain rates (0.01-10 s^-1) were carried out on Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator.The real stress-strain data were obtained.On the basis of dynamic material model,the power dissipation was established.The peak efficiency of the power dissipation is 57%.At the same time,Prasad’s,Murty’s and Babu’s instability criteria based on Ziegler’s expectant rheology theory,and Gegel’s and Malas’s instability criteria based on Lyaponov’s function theory,were used to predict the unstable regions in the processing map.The maximum entropy generation rate and large plastic deformation principle are more in line with the hot deformation process of C71500 alloy,so the accuracy of Prasad’s instability criterion is much better.According to the obtained macro-crack and micro-metallographic structure morphologies,the temperature range of 1 098-1 156 K and the strain rate range of 2.91-10 s^-1,and the temperature range of 1 171-1 273 K and the strain rate range of 0.01-0.33 s^-1 are more suitable for the processing area of C71500 alloy.The accuracy of the above conclusions were verified by the forging of materials and the analysis of hot piercing tubes.The significance of this paper is to provide theoretical basis and technological conditions for hot-press processing of C71500 alloy.

Geophysical prospecting of copper-nickel deposits in Beishan rift zone, Xinjiang

The Beishan rift zone in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was formed due to strong activities of faults on the basement of the Tarim continental crust.Despite the fact that many geological research results of the rift zone have been achieved,only a few studies have been conducted on its regional geophysical characteristics.In this paper,the gravity and magnetic anomalies of the rift zone were highlighted through specific data processing of 1∶50000 high-precision aeromagnetic data and gravity data with a grid spacing of 2 km×2 km.Based on this,the geophysical evidence for the scope and internal structures of the Beishan rift zone was obtained for the first time.The distinct characteristics of magnetic and gravity fields in the areas to the north and south of the Beishan rift zone reveal that deep faults exist between the Beishan rift zone and the geological units on the southern and northern sides.Furthermore,the faults on the two areas contain the bidirectional thrusts and have flower-shaped structures according to the characteristics of the magnetic and gravity fields.The Beishan rift zone can be divided into two tectonomagmatic zones,namely the Zhongposhan-Bijiashan-Cihai-Baishanliang zone(the northern zone)and the Bayiquan-Qixin-Baishan zone(the southern zone).The northern zone can be further subdivided into three comet-shaped anomaly groups(tectonomagmatic areas),while the southern zone can be further subdivided into two tectonomagmatic areas.According to the characteristics of aeromagnetic anomalies and gravity field,19 mafic-ultramafic complexes were delineated.The known Pobei,Hongshishan,and Qixin complexes are all located within the inferred complexes,with estimates of total explored resources of Ni,Cu,and Au of 3×10^(6) t,10×10^(3) t and 10 t,respectively.The prospecting of high-grade copper-nickel deposits should focus on the periphery and deep parts of the known and inferred mafic-ultramafic complexes.Among them,the peripheral strata of the complexes specifically have great prospecting potential of large-scale high-grade copper-nickel deposits of magma injection type.Finally,this paper analyzed the application effects of the rapid airborne-ground-drilling synergetic exploration method in the prospecting of copper-nickel deposits in Qixin,Beishan,Xinjiang,which will provide references for further exploration of copper-nickel deposits in Beishan area,Xinjiang.

Structures, stabilities and magnetic moment of small copper-nickel clusters

This paper obtains the lowest-energy geometric structures and the electronic and magnetic properties of small CuNiN clusters by using all-electron density functional theory. The calculated results reveal that the Cu atom prefers to occupy the apical site when N ≤ 9 and for the clusters with N = 10, the Cu atom starts to encapsulate in the cage. The CuNi7 and CuNi9 are magic clusters. The magnetism correlates closely with the symmetry of the clusters. For these clusters, the charge tends to transfer from the nickel atoms to the copper atoms. It finds that the doping of Cu atom decreases the stability of pure NiN clusters.

The Inhibitive Effect of 3-Methyl 4-Amino 1,2,4 Triazole on the Corrosion of Copper-Nickel 70 - 30 in NaCl 3% Solution

The effect of 3-methyl 4-amino 1,2,4 triazole (MATA) on the corrosion behaviour of copper-nickel 70 - 30 (Monel) in NaCl 3% solution is investigated at 298 K by weight loss measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation and impedance spectroscopy (EIS′) methods. Preliminary screening of the inhibition efficiency (ECR) was carried out with using weight- loss measurements. Polarization measurements showed that the organic compound investigated is mixed type inhibitor (it acts on the cathodic and the cathodic reactions), inhibiting the corrosion of Monel by blocking the active sites of the metal surface. Changes in the impedance parameters charge transfer resistance (Rct) and double layer capacitance (Cdl) are related to adsorption of organic inhibitor of the metal surface, leading to the formation of protective film, which grows with increasing exposure time. Inhibition efficiencies obtained from cathodic Tafel plots, gravimetric and EIS methods are in good agreement. Results obtained shows that the (MATA) is good inhibitor for copper – nickel, and its efficiency reaches more than 95% at 60 ppm after 30 mn of immersion.

Nano-sized Mineral Phases in Copper-nickel Ores of the Central Pai-Khoi(Nenets Autonomous District,Russia)

The characteristics of previously determined and a number of new,unknown before,mineral phases are presented.On this area in sulphide ores of the Central the Pai-Khoi dolerite bodies.In the process of intrusion formation and sulphidic magma crystallization the subtraction of such elements as lead, stibium,cobalt,arsenic,and accordingly migration and concentration of minerals of platinum

A Genetic Model for Ore Magma of the Chibaisong Copper-Nickel Sulphide Deposit, Jilin

In the early 1980's, the author proposed his view that copper-nickel sulphide deposts are of ore magma origin. For more than ten years, this view has aroused attention of his colleagues at home and abroad. In this paper an attempt is made to deal with the genetic model for ore magma of copper-nickel sulphide deposits in more details on the basis of geological, geochemical, petrophysico - chemical and thermodynamic studies of the Chibaisong copper-nickel sulphide deposit in the Changbai Mountains, Jilin province.

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.

Effect of inhibitors on corrosion behavior of copper-nickel in concentrated lithium bromide solution at high temperature

The conventional mass loss tests and the electrochemical techniques were used to study the inhibition action of LiOH and Na 2MoO 4 either individually or in different combination for copper nickel alloy in boiling 65% LiBr solution. It indicates that the corrosion rate of copper nickel is decreased when LiOH or Na 2MoO 4 is added to the solution individually. LiOH concentration has a double effect on the corrosion behavior of copper nickel. Low concentration is benefit to forming oxide film. High concentration results in dissolution of oxide film. The optimal concentration of LiOH is 0.15?mol/L. The dissolution of copper nickel is effectively prevented when adding 200?mg/L Na 2MoO 4 to boiling 65% LiBr solution with 0.15?mol/L LiOH. The inhibition mechanism is considered that the films of Cu, Ni, Mo oxides and deposited nonprotective in soluble CuBr on the surface of metal could prevent Br - ion from absorption, which prevent alloy dissolving.

Dynamic corrosion of copper-nickel sulfide by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

The dynamic corrosion process of bio-oxidation of copper-nickel sulfide from Karatungk in northern Xinjiang Province of China was studied. The polished wafer of the copper-nickel sulphide was used to carry on a series of oxidation corrosion experiment by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The changes of superficial corrosion appearance and the mineral dynamic corrosion process were discovered by microscope observation. Then,the galvanic cell model was established,and the bio-oxidation activation order of typical copper-nickel sulphide minerals was ascertained as pyrrhotite>pentlandite>chalocopyrite.

Inhibition effects of PMA/SbBr_3 complex inhibitor on copper and copper-nickel alloy in LiBr solutions

The effects of PMA/SbBr3 inhibitor on copper and copper-nickel alloy in 55%LiBr solution were investigated by chemical immersion and electrochemical measurements. The results indicate that in boiling 55%LiBr solution containing PMA/SbBr3 inhibitor, corrosion rates of copper and copper-nickel alloy are 67.48μm/a and 38.14μm/a, respectively. Since both anodic and cathodic electrochemical reactions can be inhibited, PMA/SbBr3 belongs to complex inhibitor. PMA has the effect of inhibiting hydrogen evolution and [PMo<sup>12 O<sup>40 ]3- , the anion of PMA, has a strong oxidizing effect. Sb3+ also shows an oxidizing effect. It may exist in LiBr solutions stably with PMA. Because of the synergistic effect of PMA and Sb3+ , a protective film, comprising CuO, Cu2O and Sb, formed on copper and copper-nickel alloy surface may prevent Br-from diffusing to the surface of metals. As a result, the anticorrosion performance of copper and copper-nickel alloy may be improved.

Mathematical model of pyritic smelting process for copper-nickel mineral in oxygen top-blown furnace

Mathematical model for mass transfer of chemical reactions on the surface of the smelting bath pit in oxygen top blown smelting furnace was put forward. Additionally, one of two mathematical models for mass transfer of chemical reactions forming copper matte in smelting bath and the other for parameters of smelting process were developed. The verification tests were simultaneously carried out in a pilot scale furnace and the experimental results show that these mathematical models are convincing. Thus, these numerical models are reliable to simulate pyritic smelting process for copper nickel mineral in oxygen top blown furnace.

Wear Evaluation of Copper-Nickel-Aluminum Alloys under Extreme Conditions

Cu-Ni-Al alloys at different concentrations were obtained using a high frequency induction melting unit, keeping a balance in the nominal compositions. Light alloys are important to be used in industrial applications. Aluminum additions result in a positive hardness increment of the ternary alloys in comparison with the binary Cu-Ni alloys. Generalized wear mechanisms of the alloys with low aluminum content are basically type abrasive, while samples with 5 and 10 at.% Al present an oxidative-adhesive wear mechanism. Wear results have indicated that aluminum addition affects positively the wear resistance, mainly in samples with high aluminum content product of the creation during the test of different oxides corresponding to the elements present in the alloys.

The 982 Ma Re-Os age of copper-nickel sulfide ores in the Baotan area,Guangxi and its geological significance

Re-Os dating on copper-nickel sulfide ores from the Baotan area, Guangxi, yielded an ore-forming age of 982±21 Ma(2σ), which demonstrates that copper-nickel sulfide deposits and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks occurred in the same period of time with the ophiolites in northeastern Jiangxi. Both of them are the products of collision-convergence between the Cathaysian plate and Yangtze plate and the subsequent extensional environment. Calculation of the γOs of the 982 Ma copper-nickel sulfide ores and its correlation with Re/Os indicate that injection-type massive ores display lower γOs values(-15.6 to -8.2) and lower Re/Os ratios(0.32 to 0.43), while basal liquation-type ores have γOs= -27.9 to -7.3 and Re/Os=5.36 to 11.24. This suggests that these copper-nickel sulfide ores and their related mafic-ultramafic rocks were derived from a Re-depleted mantle source and that contamination with some crustal material occurred during their intrusion.

Copper-nickel rubeanate metal-organic framework, a new highly stable and long active life nanocomposite for high-performance supercapacitors

High-performance supercapacitors require electrodes featuring a high surface area,suitable porosity,and conductivity.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)hold a high surface area and suitable porosity while insufficient conductivity.Herein,a single-step chemical strategy was developed to directly synthesize a composite of copper-nickel rubeanate MOF and highly conductive reduced graphene oxide(rGO)nanosheets(CNRG-MOF)on nickel foam(CNRG-MOF/NF)electrode.The nanocomposite enables it to use as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode.The bimetallic CNRG-MOF/NF electrode exhibits su-perior electrochemical performance than its single metallic counterparts.The optimized CNRG-MOF/NF electrode represents a high specific capacitance of 846.15 F g1 at a current density of 1.0 A g1.A three-electrode system exhibited up to 96.37%capacitance retention after 7000 galvanostatic charge-discharge(GCD)cycles,indicating its excellent stability.These results may pave the way for the direct use of MOF materials for electrochemical energy devices instead of pyrolyzing the MOFs to improve the conductivity while losing controllable structural merits.GCD curve was obtained at different current densities to evaluate the nanocomposite's asymmetric setup charge storage capability.The electrode capacity for the asymmetric system was measured as 93.3 F g1,which proves the capacitive property of CNRG-MOF/NF electrode.

Ar-plasma enhanced copper-nickel alloy catalysis for ammonia synthesis

Ammonia(NH_(3))synthesis via electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction generally suffers from low NH_(3)yield and faradaic efficiency.Compared with activating stable,low-solubility N_(2),the electrochemical conversion of nitrates to ammonia provides a more reasonable route for NH_(3)production.Herein,we introduce Ar-plasma to enhance the interaction between copper-nickel alloys and carbon substrate to improve the performance of NH_(3)production.The NH_(3)faradaic efficiency from nitrate is nearly 100%and the yield rate is over 6000μgNH_(3)cm^(−2)h^(−1).DFT(density functional theory)calculation reveals the high performance of Cu_(50)Ni_(50)originates from the lower energy barrier on the reaction path and the closer position to the Fermi level of the d-band center.This work offers a promising strategy for plasma-modified electrocatalyst to promote ammonia synthesis via nitrate reduction.

新疆东天山造山带西段海豹滩岩浆硫化物铜镍矿床多期次侵入与成矿关系

新疆东天山地区造山带中发育大量与镁铁-超镁铁岩有关的铜镍矿,本次研究的海豹滩镁铁-超镁铁岩体就是其中之一。与其他区域形成的铜镍矿大地构造背景不同,东天山铜镍矿均产于中亚造山带南部的岛弧构造环境,通过本次研究识别出海豹滩镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩体的不同侵入期次,圈出岩体范围,大致查明不同含矿期次岩体的规模、形态、产状等,突破了以往对该类岩体含矿性差的认识,为该区寻找同类型矿床提供新的勘查思路和方向。

海洋平台海水系统新材料适用性研究

海洋平台利用周围取之不尽的海水作为平台的工艺处理介质已成常规做法。因为海水利用的普通性、经济性以及重要性,对于海水系统选材通常涉及到的使用寿命、制造成本、耐腐蚀性能等多个方面研究值得关注。对常用的几种海水管道材料进行了系统的比较和评价,并介绍了一些新型材料应用前景。在综合考虑各种材料的优劣后,提出了一种最适合海洋平台海水系统的选材方案,并阐述了其理由和依据。旨在为海洋平台海水系统设计和施工提供借鉴。