Extraterritorial Application of International Human Rights Conventions——From the Perspective of States Regulating the Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations of Transnational Corporations

The extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions is the legal basis for states to regulate the extraterritorial human rights obligations of transnational corporations.In recent years,it has been increasingly challenged by the new trend of the United Nations governing the human rights responsibilities of transnational corporations.A study of existing international rules and practices shows that the extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions depends on the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the States Parties,which mainly includes the actual control over extraterritorial territories and individuals as well as the execution of authority outside the territories.In view of the above,if human rights violations by individuals or transnational corporations occur in areas outside their home territories or are authorized and orchestrated by the home state,the home state shall bear the corresponding human rights responsibilities.Given the restrictive scope of the abovementioned extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions,the international cooperation obligation and the"do no harm"principle may become a new legal basis for states to fulfill their extraterritorial human rights obligations in the future,thereby expanding the basis for the extraterritorial application of international human rights conventions to deal with more serious issues of human rights violations by transnational corporations.However,on the whole,the current identification and codification of states regulating the extraterritorial human rights obligations of transnational corporations should respect the existing rules of international human rights law and should not add any new human rights obligations on states.

CORPORATIONS & ENTERPRISES

Shandong Lukang Medicine Enterprise Group Company The Shandong Lukang Medicine Enterprise Group Company has a core enterprise——Lukang Medicine Holdings Co. Ltd, and six subsidiary companies. It has fixed assets of RMB1 billion, annual sales revenue of RMB 1.1 billion and annual pre-tax profit of RMB150 million. It is one of China’s large first class enterprises. The group is an important production base in China for antibiotics, semi-

Modeling Farm Management Modernization： Case Study of Japanese Rice Farming Corporations

While conventional family-owned and family-operated farms remain the most common structure, the number of Japanese agricultural corporations has increased in recent years as a result of changing policies. Some of them are possibly starting to adopt modem corporate management practices to remain viable in a more competitive environment. However, changes in the business structure have not always been accompanied by changes in farm management practices. This study represents a theoretical and empirical investigation into farm modernization practices to provide perspective and recommendations to enhance farm business. Various aspects of farm modernization were considered, including temporal, economic and functional modernization. Critical elements of farm modernization were examined using a structural equation model of surveys, wherein questionnaires were delivered to 2,260 agricultural corporations across Japan in 2014 and 2016, generating 669 usable responses from rice farming corporations. Overall, these corporations demonstrated moderate degrees of modernization, indicating that they have not yet completely transitioned from conventional management styles to modem corporate management and that the farm-household complex system still exists for many of them. It was also found that farm modernization is significantly affected by both production and business management systems, although it was unclear whether a farmer＇s managerial capabilities were critical for farm modernization. The findings of this study indicate that current farming corporations may benefit from incorporating additional modernization practices. The analytical framework and results will help farmers to better understand their management practices and can be used to provide ideas for policy development to promote competitive farm businesses.

Analysis of TEDA's Present Situation in Drawing Capital from Transnational Corporations and Its Measures

Ⅰ. The present Situation of Transnational Corporations’ Investment in TEDA (1 ) General situation Since its founding ten years ago, especially since 1992. TEDA has achieved encouraging successesin undertaking major projects. drawing the attention of leading consortia, omnibearingly solicitingbusiness and drawing foreign capital. By September 30, 1994, TEDA had approved 2054 solely for-

Corporations & Enterprises

The Shandong Rushan Ornaments Factory is a state-designated enterprise specializing in the production of gold and silver ornaments. It mainly produces gold, silver, Karat-gold and inlaid ornaments, in line with the ISO standard. It has more than 20 different products, including rings, necklaces, bracelets, furnishings and earrings, with more than 1,000 varieties, which are sold worldwide.

Directory of Zhejiang Economic and Technological Cooperation Corporations

Zhejiang General Construction Engineering Corporation(Group) Address 14 Hubin Road,Hangzhou,China Phone:(1571)7073259,7026843 Fax.(1571)7077372 Cable:4637 Postcode.

Brief Introduction of Zhejiang Economic and Technical Cooporation Corporations

1. Zhejiang General Construction Engineering Corporation (Group) The corporation has completed 20 million sqm of medium-to-large industrial projects and various civil construction. It mainly involves in the construction of a chemical fertilizer factory with an annual production capacity of 300, 000 tons of synthetic ammonia and 520, 000 tons of urea, a refinery, producing 2.5 million tons of crude oil, two 300, 000-kw and 600, 000-kw power plants, highway, highway bridges and more than 30-storey hotels. It has projects contracted with Guinea, Sierra Leone, Kuwait, Iraq, Yemen, Myanmar, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Russia.

Setting up State Holding Corporations——an Interview with He Boquan, Vice President of the China National Nonferrous Industry Corporation

An announcement was made on November 4, 1994, on making the China National Nonferrous Industry Corporation one of the three State holding corporations for experiment at a national conference on experimenting on modern enterprises sponsored by the State Council. The appearance of State holding corporations is the result of China’s deepening economic restructuring and an important and integral part of deepening enterprise reform.

The Relationship Between Cross-Cultural Conflict Management Levels and Employee Organizational Performance in Cross-Border E-Commerce Corporations in China

This research focuses on the cross-cultural conflict management of cross-border e-commerce corporations in companies on employee organizational performance under conflict management such as power distance conflict,individualism,long-term orientation,indulgence and avoidance of uncertainty as the independent variables and employee organizational performance such as quality,efficiency,and profitability of organizational tasks as the dependent variable.With the advancement of China’s reform and opening up and the implementation of the“One Belt,One Road”strategy,the globalized economy has penetrated into various countries and regions.China trade exchanges with other countries have become more frequent,and have also set up branch factories and branches abroad.However,there are certain differences between the branch company and the domestic culture in the actual operation process.If the cross-border e-commerce corporations cannot handle these contradictions and differences well,the company may face difficulties such as cultural conflicts.For this reason,this paper makes a deep analysis of this,taking the cross-border e-commerce corporations in Guangxi as an example,and points out the problems existing in cross-cultural management in this region and putting forward personal opinions and solutions to related problems,and putting forward feasible solutions,enhances the understanding of involving conceptualizations of cross-cultural communication conflict and its management in the frame of cross-cultural conflicts management theory and provides references for the formulation of cultural conflict management measures for cross-border e-commerce corporations.So that enterprises can gain a firm foothold in the international market competition,enrich and enhance their soft power,and enhance their international status in the development of multinational regions.The result of this research will not only answer existing research questions,but also introduce new ideas and new questions for future research.

Research on the financial risk management system of listed corporations in China

In recent years, the number of the listing corporations in China is increasing, and the promotion of the national economic development is also more obvious. But in the process, because of the short time onto the market and the lack of the expvrience, some of the listed companies also cannot be compared with the enterprises in the western developed countries in a large extent. Especially in the aspect of the financial management, there are many defects. For example, the control efforts of the financial risks arc inadequate, and the awareness of the management personnel and the employees on the risks is weak, and so on In this case, the listed corporations must strengthen the management of the company＇s financial risks, develop the more comprehensive financial risk managernent system, and thus ensurc that the companies can have the healthy, stable and sustainable development.

Game Analysis for Intellectual Property Protection(IPP) of Multinational Corporations in the Context of R&D Internationalization

In order to explore the impact relationship between intellectual property protection(IPP) system and technological innovation,a game model was constructed.The system of IPP is a set of game rules to protect the innovation under the background of R&D internationalization.Only when the main parties abide by the system of intellectual property,can the self-interest and collective interest of the two sides be maximized.The government must strengthen the penalties for intellectual property right(IPR) violations,reduce the cost of IPP declaration,reduce the cost of the innovator's own rights protection,and increase the cost of imitate behavior of IPR.

Brief Introduction of Zhejiang Economic and Technical Cooperation Corporations

1 Zhejiang General Construction Engineering Corporation(Group) The corporation has completed 20 million sqm of medium-to-large industrial projects and various civil construction Itmainly involves in the construction of a chemical fertilizerfactory with an annual production capacity of 300,000 tons ofsynthetic ammonia and 520,000 tons of urea,a refinery,producing2.5 million tons of crude oil,two 300,000-kw and 600,000-kwpower plants.highway,highway bridges and more than 30-storey hotels.It has projects contracted with Guinea,SierraLeone.Kuwait,Iraq,Yemen,Myanmar,Japan,Malaysia,Singapore and Russia.

CORPORATIONS

The Huifeng Branch of the Hubei Xiangfan International Trade Corporation is involved in the import and export of a wide range of commodities, with a legal status. The branch has five import and export departments, dealing in 100％ cotton or polyester/cotton gray, dyed, printed and yarn-dyed fabrics, various fashions for men and women, students’ uniforms, working uniforms, knitted underwear and outerwear, enamelware,

Foreign Investors Able to Establish Foreign- exclusively Exhibition Corporations

Foreign Investors Able to Establish Foreign-exclusively Exhibition Corporations In Feb, Ministry of Commerce issued its 1st decree on temporary regulation for foreign-investing corporations; the regulation allows foreign investors to set up foreign-investing convention & exhibition corporations exclusively or through cooperation with other Chinese corporations, enterprises or organizations. With legal protection on their regulatory management and legal rights, these foreign-investing corporations are in the charge of Department of Foreign Investment Administration, Ministry of Commerce.

Corporations公司

中石油收购大阪炼厂49％股权 中国石油收购新日本石油大阪炼厂49％股份已经得到了发改委的批准。收购成功后，中石油集团将向大阪炼厂提供原油，并将加工后的油品返回国内进行销售。

New Developments and Challenges in the UN Norms on Human Rights Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations

With the adoption of the"Legally Binding Instrument to Regulate,in International Human Rights Law,the Activities of Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises"and its revised draft,the codification of the human rights responsibilities of transnational corporations has entered a new era The instrument aims to supplement the shortcomings of transnational corporations in fulfilling their human rights responsibilities by strengthening the obligations of states and to improve the host country’s inadequate remedies for human rights violations by establishing extraterritorial human rights jurisdiction of home countries But the instrument has encountered various challenges because the human rights obligations and legal responsibilities of states go beyond the current domestic human rights systems and impact the existing theories and practices of international human rights law In order to resolve the differences among countries,the future codification of the instrument should be based on existing domestic and international legal systems and practices striking a balance between the interests of developing and developed countries,taking into account the objectives of both the fair treatment of transnational corporations and human rights protection,to promote the regulatory effect of the human rights responsibilities of transnational corporations.

The Impact of Cultural Differences on Multinational Corporations

With the development of globalisation,more and more international enterprises expand business overseas,aiming to seek new marketing opportunities.During this process,multinational corporations(MNCs)would face different kinds of factors.Culture is one of the critically significant factors.Cultural differences between the home country and host country would affect consumer behaviour and product preferences.Therefore,the importance of cultural differences could be not ignored.

Adapting Business of Energy Corporations to Macro-Policies Aiming at a Sustainable Economy. The Case for New Powering of Automobiles

A portfolio of new energy technologies has emerged in the first decade of the 21st Century, and many of them could be used for re-structuring the energy sector towards Sustainable Development. A key subject in this quest is the future of automobile, with possibilities on powering ranging from biofuels to Hydrogen Cars (HC), to Electric Vehicles (EV). In turn, the latter is closely connected with the need to deploy Renewable Energies (RE) for electricity generation. Within such new situation, countries and governments are aware that there are new tools for fighting Global Warming (GW), and new policies could be established for winning this battle against CO2. All these initiatives will affect the future of energy corporations, notably hydrocarbon companies;and it should be noted that it will be difficult for the companies to define long-term strategies if energy policies convey upheavals, sudden changes in promoting alternatives and interruptions on activities. Hence, it is very important to adopt energy policies allowing a smooth evolution of the companies’ activities to the new energy model. After analyzing the alternatives with a forecasting-backcasting methodology, an “eclectic approach” is proposed, with the Plug-in Hybrid car with Flexible Fuel (PiHFF) as the central paradigm in the coming promoting policies.