基于叶绿素荧光参数分析铜锤草(O.xalis corymbosa)和紫叶酢浆草(O.triangularis)对光照因子的适应特点

利用调制叶绿素荧光技术测定了野外不同光强条件下入侵植物铜锤草种群的叶绿素荧光参数,获得了它们的快速光响应曲线,以及光合量子产量、相对电子传递速率的日变化,并与阳生环境下同属的外来植物紫叶酢浆草进行了比较,发现铜锤草是一种阳生植物,但也能够较好地适应阴生环境;紫叶酢浆草的最大相对电子传递速率、半饱和光强、快速光响应曲线的初始斜率均与铜锤草的相似,反映出两者对光照条件有相似的需求;鉴于铜锤草已表现出入侵性种群的特点,今后要加强对紫叶酢浆草入侵性的预警.

New Acetylated Flavonol Glycosides from Knoxia corymbosa

Two new diacetylated flavonol glycosides, kampferol-3-O--3? 6?diacetylglucopyrano- side and quercetin-3-O--3? 6?diacetylglucopyranoside were isolated from knoxia corymbosa. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidents.

Antioxidants, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-microbial effects of isolated compounds from Swertia corymbosa (Grieb.) Wight ex C.B. Clark – An in vitro approach

The present study,antioxidant,enzyme inhibitory,anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of isolated compounds such as Decussatin(1),Gentiacaulein(2),Swertianin(3),1,8-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy xanthone(methylswertianin)(4)8-hydroxy-1,2,4,6-tetramethoxyxanthone(5)and 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone-8-O--d-xylopyranosyl(6)were investigated using an in vitro model.Results of antioxidant studies revealed that the compound 6 possessed an efficient 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH•)(IC5007.19±4.56μmol/mL),2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS•^+)(42.62±0.25 mmol/L TE/g),superoxide(57.89±3.45μmol/mL),nitric oxide(18.45±1.23μmol/mL)and hydroxyl(12.13±2.76μmol/mL)radical scavenging activities,ferric reducing antioxidant power(14.76±0.10 molar Fe(II)/g),metal chelating(213.85±27.18 mg EDTA/g)ability.Compounds 6 and 3 exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity.Compound 6 displayed strongest antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli with MIC value of 3.90μg/mL and 21.21±0.25 and 20.27±0.11 mm zone of inhibition at 25μg/mL concentration respectively.In the membrane stabilization and protein denaturation test 3 was the most potent with an IC50 value of 12.57,18.75μmol/mL respectively.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa(Burm.f.) Rottl.& Willd.leaves extracts in Wistar albino rats

Objective:To evaluate the acute toxicity and to investigate the effect of Premna corymbosa ethanolic extract(PCEE) at doses of 200 and 400 mg /kg body weight in acute and chronic models of inflammation in experimental animals.Methods:In the acute toxicity study,a single dose of PCEE of 2 000 mg/kg body weight,p.o.was administered and observed for 48 h.In acute models as egg albumin induced paw edema and chronic model as cotton pellet methods was followed. Results:In acute models,egg albumin induced paw edema PCEE significantly(P【0.01) inhibited the edema formation.In chronic model,cotton pellet induced granuloma formation in rats PCEE significantly(P【0.01) reduced the granuloma formation with percentage inhibition of 35.17%and 50.38%respectively.Conclusions:The present study establishes the antiinflammatory activity of Premna corymbosa leaves.

Risk Assessment of Oxalis corymbosa DC. Invasion in Kunming City

The study conducted a field survey of the invasive plant Oxalis corymbosa DC. in Kunming and an invasion risk assessment was carried out. The results showed that the invasion risk of Oxalis corymbosa DC. in four districts of Kunming was 1.9 in Wuhua District, 2.05 in Panlong District, 0.6 in Xishan District, 1.45 in Guandu District and 0.6 in downtown area, among which Panlong District had the highest invasion risk. Schools(1.9) > Parks(1.45) > Residential communities(0.6). In addition, it was found in the survey that the Oxalis latifolia as a quarantine weed had a sporadic distribution in Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, so it is necessary to pay attention to prevention and control to avoid the harm caused by escape and spread.

Two New Flavonol Glycosides from Knoxia corymbosa

Two new flavonol glycosides (1 and 2) together with two known flavonoides (3 and 4), were isolated from the whole plant of Knoxia corymbosa willd. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as kaempferol-7-O-α-L-arabinosyl-3-O-β-D-6'-acetylglucopyranoside and kaempferol -7-O-α-L-arabinosyl-3-O-β-D-3',6'-diacetylglucopyranoside respectively.

Hepatoprotective effect of Premna corymbosa(Burm.f.) Rottl.& Willd.leaves extract on CCl_4 induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats

Objective:To investigate the hepetoprotective activity of Premna corymbosa leaves against carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) induced hepatic damage.Methods:Hepatotoxicity was induced in wistar rats of both sexes by intraperitoneal injection of CCl_4,1 mL/kg body weight for every 72 h.The ethanolic extract of Premna corymbosa leaves were administrated at doses of 200 & 400 mL/kg body weight, p.o.,daily for 14 days.The hepatotoxicity and its prevention was assessed by serum markers like serum alkaline phosphatase(SALP),serum triglycerides(STG),serum total protein(STP), serum cholesterol(SC),and liver wet weight and histopathological studies of the liver.Results:In treatment with the ethanolic extract,the toxic effect of CCl_4 was controlled significantly(P<0.01) by restoration of the levels of biochemical parameters as compared to normal and standard drug silymarin treated groups.The liver weight was reduced by the ethanolic extract treated groups. The histopathology of the liver sections evidenced the hepatoprotective activity.Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Premna corymbosa possess significant acute hepatoprotective activity.Premna corymbosa can be recommended for the liver disorders.

Preliminary Phytochemical and Toxicity Studies of Aqueous Leaf Extract of <i>Sida corymbosa</i>Plant

Over centuries, Sub-Saharan Africans have been using Sida corymbosa leaf extract during labour with the claims that it aids and facilitates childbirth among others. This study aimed at preliminary investigating the phytochemical constituent as well as the safety. Fresh plant (leaves) specimen was harvested and identified. Aqueous Sida corymbosa leaf extraction was carried out and used for phytochemical evaluation and toxicity study. Thirteen (13) adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 animals (n = 3) each for the first phase of the toxicity study and treated with doses (10, 100 and 1000) mg/kg respectively and observed for 48 hours. Four groups consisting of 1 animal each (n = 1) were used for the second phase and treated with doses of (140, 225, 370 and 600) mg/kg respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, sterol, triterpenes and anthraquinones in the extract. The LD50 of the extract was found to be 471.17 mg/kg. The results of this study show that the aqueous leaf extract of Sida corymbosa is slightly toxic with potentials for biological activities from phytochemicals present.

Establishing a Quality Control System of Hedyotis corymbosa

Objective Hedyotis corymbosa(Shui Xian Cao,水线草,HC)is the main antitumor medicine in China and other southeast Asian countries.A comprehensive quality control system of HC was established in this study,as the current system was ineffective.Methods Microscopy was used to observe the characteristics of the powder and cross-sectional tissue.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)was employed to separate HC from Hedyotis diffusa(Bai Hua She She Cao,白花蛇舌草,HD).Simultaneously,high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to establish the characteristic spectrum of HC and determine the concentrations of hedyotiscone A.Regarding the issue of systematicness,concentrations of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,heavy metals(including lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmium and copper)and pesticide residue were measured by the methods described in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Results Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles and oil drops were observed in the cross-sectional tissue.Three characteristic blue fluorescent spots were observed in the HC samples by TLC.There were five distinct characteristic peaks in HC but not in HD,and hedyotiscone A was the sharpest characteristic peak.The generated linear equation of hedyotiscone A was Y=3.15×108X+312.04(r2=1.000)between 0.00005270 and 0.002108 mg/mL,and the average recovery was 100.42%.Precision[relative standard deviation(RSD)0.92%],repeatability(RSD 0.14%),and recovery(RSD 0.85%)met the requirements for quantitative analysis.Hedyotiscone A concentrations ranged from 0.00017%~0.00113%across different habitats.Concentrations of water,ash and acid-insoluble ash were 8.80%~11.2%,7.00%~15.3%and 0.440%~7.70%,respectively.Concentrations of Pb,As,Hg,Cd and Cu were 1.60~4.60,0.650~1.60,0.0300~0.100,0.240~0.690 and 10.1~16.6μg/g,respectively.Pesticide residues were less than 0.00100 ppm.Conclusion The quality control system can effectively distinguish HC from HD,so as to comprehensively control the quality of HC,to provide references for the clinical use of HC.

Antimicrobial indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa

Four unreported monoterpene indole alkaloids,tabernaecorymines B−E(1−4),together with twenty-one known indole alkaloids(5−25)were obtained from the stem bark of Tabernaemontana corymbosa.Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopy,quantum chemical calculations,DP4+probability analyses and Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism experiment.The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these compounds were evaluated and some of them showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Candida albicans.

红花酢浆草与三叶鬼针草的种内及种间密度制约机制研究

为探索这2种入侵种的同种间的密度制约作用以及2种间的相互作用机制,设置了3个播种密度300粒/m2(低密度)、900粒/m2(中密度)和1800粒/m2(高密度),实施了2种种植方式(单一种植和1∶1混合种植),完全随机区组设计。通过测量植株的生长和功能性状指标来指示植物的生长状况和生存策略。结果表明,红花酢浆草和三叶鬼针草同种间的生长和功能性状指标在不同密度间存在显著差异(P<0.05),随密度升高红花酢浆草和三叶鬼针草均呈现出负密度制约效应。同一密度下,红花酢浆草的生长和功能性状指标在单种和混种之间都存在显著差异(P<0.05),表现为混种更不利于红花酢浆草的生长。三叶鬼针草也表现出相似的结果。这表明红花酢浆草和三叶鬼针草之间存在相互制约现象,且制约强度高于同种负密度制约强度。入侵植物之间的相互抑制作用有利于防治入侵植物的繁殖和扩散,该研究结果对入侵植物的防治具有一定的指导意义。

褪黑素对NaOH胁迫下伞房决明生理特性的影响

【目的】研究伞房决明在赤泥污染地等强碱性土地上的应用。【方法】以一年生伞房决明实生苗为试验材料,在325 mmol/L NaOH强碱胁迫下,叶面喷施不同浓度褪黑素(MT)溶液0(T0)、50(T1)、100(T2)、200(T3)、400(T4)、500(T5)μmol/L,测定叶片中的叶绿素(CHl)含量及荧光参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量、相对含水量等参数,并通过主成分分析和相关性分析进行综合评价。【结果】NaOH胁迫60 d后,除了最小初始荧光(F 0)和MDA含量持续上升,可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、Chl含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、PSⅡ最大光能转换率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光合电子传递速率(ETR)和相对含水量(RWC)显著下降,伞房决明植株正常生长受到严重影响;施加MT后Chl、SOD、SS、SP含量显著增加,F_(v)/F_(m)、ETR值明显提高,同时F 0和MDA含量显著降低。对各项指标综合分析表明,伞房决明F_(v)/F_(m)、ETR、SP含量及MDA含量之间的相关性较强,通过主成分综合得分排序,MT对伞房决明碱胁迫缓解能力排序为T3>T4>T2>T5>T1>T0。【结论】MT可以提高伞房决明的抗逆性,缓解NaOH胁迫对伞房决明的毒害。

普洱端午药根白花蛇舌草基源鉴定及药用进展

为鉴定普洱端午药根白花蛇舌草的基源,通过走访调查普洱端午药市,收集了药市中的药材白花蛇舌草,通过观察原植物及药材的茎、叶的形状、花序的类型及着生位置、蒴果的形状和果柄的有无、长短、粗细等性状特征,确定植物来源;鉴定得出普洱端午药市中售卖的“白花蛇舌草”共有3种,分别为茜草科植物白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa Willd)、纤花耳草(Hedyotis tenelliflora Blume)及伞房花耳草(Hedyotis corymbosa(L.)Lam);通过文献查询,比较3种植物的药用进展,其化学成分、药理作用存在差异,使用时应注意区分,以保证临床用药安全。

播种密度对红花酢浆草生长和功能性状的影响

本文研究了不同播种密度对红花酢浆草生长和功能性状的影响。结果表明,红花酢浆草的生长和叶片功能性状均存在负密度制约现象,当播种密度达到150粒/m^(2)及以上时,负密度制约较强烈。本研究为酢浆草的防治和合理种植提供了一定的理论支持。

酢浆草与红花酢浆草的性状与显微鉴别研究

目的:采用性状鉴别和显微鉴别的方法对酢浆草和红花酢浆草的外观性状和显微特性进行鉴别研究,为酢浆草与红花酢浆草的识别提供科学依据。方法:采用性状鉴定法观察酢浆草的茎、叶、花、果实、种子与红花酢浆草的茎、叶、花,记录性状特征并作比较;采用水合氯醛透化、稀甘油封片的方法对酢浆草与红花酢浆草药材粉末制片,置光学显微镜下观察两者粉末的显微特征并做比较。结果:酢浆草与红花酢浆草的茎、叶、花均存在差异:红花酢浆草植株比酢浆草高大,且叶表面被柔毛比酢浆草密;酢浆草的花呈伞形花序,花序分枝较少,花轴较细,而红花酢浆草花呈二歧聚伞花序,花序分枝较多,花轴较粗。在显微特征中,两者常见非腺毛单细胞、导管、纤维、草酸钙方晶、种皮栅状细胞等,叶片上表皮细胞形状有差异,酢浆草为长条形或宽条形,而红花酢浆草的为较大的多边形。结论:酢浆草与红花酢浆草的外观和显微特征具有一定的差异,可作为其鉴别的依据。

3种植物花螺原体的分离及其基本特性

【目的】调查我国植物花上的螺原体的存在,搜集我国的螺原体资源,并研究它们的基本生物学特性。【方法】常规螺原体分离、培养方法,应用暗视野显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察螺原体形态,根据16S rDNA和ITS序列构建系统发育树研究螺原体分离菌株可能的分类地位。【结果】分别从油菜(Brassica napus)、杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)、红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)3种植物花表分离到4株螺原体CNR-1和CNR-2、CNA-1、CRW-1,对其形态、部分生理生化特性及分子生物学特性进行了初步研究。这4株螺原体在R-2液体培养基中生长良好,都能通过孔径为0.22μm的微孔滤膜;在R-2固体培养基上呈圆形或颗粒状菌落,菌落直径约50～600μm;在生长的某个阶段可呈典型的螺旋状,菌体直径为37.04～370.40nm,长度约0.89～11.88μm;它们都能利用葡萄糖作为碳源,不能利用尿素;在不含胎牛血清的R-2培养基中,它们都不能生长;菌株CNR-1、CNA-1能强烈代谢精氨酸,而CNR-2和CRW-1不能代谢精氨酸;在氨苄青霉素钠浓度高达2000U/mL的R-2培养基中,分离菌株生长良好。根据16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树显示,分离菌株CNR-1和CNR-2、CNA-1与蜜蜂螺原体Spiroplasma melliferum聚类较近,而CRW-1与S.clarkii聚类较近;根据ITS序列构建的系统发育树显示,CRW-1形成一个单独的分枝,其它3个菌株仍与S.melliferum聚类。【结论】以上结果初步表明,分离菌株CNR-1和CNR-2、CNA-1极有可能是Spiroplasma melliferum,而CRW-1可能是一个新的螺原体种,但还需要血清学试验进一步验证。

UPLC指纹图谱结合化学计量学的白花蛇舌草真伪鉴别研究

目的:建立白花蛇舌草及其伪品水线草的UPLC指纹图谱,结合化学计量学,进行真伪鉴别。方法:建立白花蛇舌草和水线草的UPLC指纹图谱,对主要色谱峰进行化学指认及快速检识,利用两者化学成分差异结合化学计量学分析,开展真伪鉴别。结果:分别建立了两者UPLC指纹图谱方法并评价了多批次的相似度;白花蛇舌草22个共有峰中的10个、水线草16个共有峰中的5个及4个非共有峰得到了指认或检识;主成分分析(PCA)可将真品、伪品分为两组;而偏最小二乘法分析(OPLS-DA)显示车叶草酸甲酯等5个色谱峰是分组的主要原因;白花蛇舌草中的(E)-6-O-阿魏酰鸡屎藤次苷甲酯、(Z)-6-O-香豆酰鸡屎藤次苷甲酯,水线草中的槲皮素-3-O-桑布双糖苷可作为两者的3个特征差异峰用于白花蛇舌草真伪鉴别。结论:将UPLC指纹图谱与化学计量学方法相结合,可用于白花蛇舌草真伪鉴别,从而为提高白花蛇舌草整体质量控制方法提供参考。

3种植物生长激素对2种底栖硅藻生长速率的影响

采用原位光密度法探讨三十烷醇 (TA)、吲哚乙酸 (IAA)和赤霉素 (GA3)对咖啡形双眉藻 (Amphoraacof feaeformis)和盔状舟形藻 (Navichlacorymbosa)生长速率的影响。单因子试验结果表明 ,3种植物生长激素对 2种底栖硅藻生长速率均有显著的促进作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。其中IAA和GA3对 2种底栖硅藻的最佳质量浓度均为 0 .5mg/L ,TA对咖啡形双眉藻的最佳质量浓度为 1.0mg/L ,对盔状舟形藻的最佳质量浓度为 0 .1mg/L。正交多因子试验结果表明 ,培养 2种底栖硅藻的TA、IAA和GA3最佳质量浓度 (mg/L)配比分别为∶咖啡形双眉藻 0 .5∶0 .5∶0 .5 ;盔状舟形藻 0 .1∶0 .5∶1.0。

红芽大戟化学成分研究

目的 研究茜草科植物红芽大戟 (KnoxiacorymbosaWilld .)的化学成分。方法 利用硅胶、聚酰胺等色谱技术分离纯化 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行鉴定。结果 从红芽大戟的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到 4个黄酮醇苷成分 ,分别鉴定为 :槲皮素 7 O α L 阿拉伯糖 3 O β D 6″ 乙酰基吡喃葡糖苷 (quercetin 7 O α L arabinosyl 3 O β D 6″ acetylglucopyranoside ,1 ) ;山奈酚 7 O α L 阿拉伯糖 3 O β D 吡喃葡糖苷 (kaempferol 7 O α L arabinosyl 3 O β D glucopyranoside ,2 ) ;槲皮素 3 O β D 吡喃葡糖苷 (quercetin 3 O β D glucopyranoside ,3) ;槲皮素 3 O β D 6″ 乙酰基吡喃葡糖苷 (quercetin 3 O β D 6″ acetylglucopyranoside,4 )。 结论 化合物 1为新化合物 。

外来物种红花醡浆草的化感作用研究

化感作用在生物入侵过程中具有重要的意义,但是还没有人对外来物种红花醡浆草的化感作用做过研究。本试验采用人工气候箱培养,初步研究了红花醡浆草对9种植物的化感作用。结果显示,红花醡浆草叶片提取液对9种受体植物种子萌发和幼苗生长均有化感作用,不同浓度的提取液对植物的化感作用强度不同,低浓度时较弱,高浓度时较强。对种子发芽率、发芽速率、发芽速度指数、根长、苗高、鲜重和干重均有不同程度的影响,其中发芽速率、发芽速度指数和干重最为敏感,可更好的衡量化感作用的大小。不同植物对红花醡浆草化感作用的敏感程度不同,白三叶、红三叶、马蹄金和高羊茅最为敏感,而紫花苜蓿最不敏感。