Optimized scheduling of integrated energy systems for low carbon economy considering carbon transaction costs

With the introduction of the“dual carbon”goal and the continuous promotion of low-carbon development,the integrated energy system(IES)has gradually become an effective way to save energy and reduce emissions.This study proposes a low-carbon economic optimization scheduling model for an IES that considers carbon trading costs.With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the IES and considering the transferable and curtailable characteristics of the electric and thermal flexible loads,an optimal scheduling model of the IES that considers the cost of carbon trading and flexible loads on the user side was established.The role of flexible loads in improving the economy of an energy system was investigated using examples,and the rationality and effectiveness of the study were verified through a comparative analysis of different scenarios.The results showed that the total cost of the system in different scenarios was reduced by 18.04%,9.1%,3.35%,and 7.03%,respectively,whereas the total carbon emissions of the system were reduced by 65.28%,20.63%,3.85%,and 18.03%,respectively,when the carbon trading cost and demand-side flexible electric and thermal load responses were considered simultaneously.Flexible electrical and thermal loads did not have the same impact on the system performance.In the analyzed case,the total cost and carbon emissions of the system when only the flexible electrical load response was considered were lower than those when only the flexible thermal load response was taken into account.Photovoltaics have an excess of carbon trading credits and can profit from selling them,whereas other devices have an excess of carbon trading and need to buy carbon credits.

Evaluation method for assessing the auxiliary service transaction mechanism in regional power markets

Accurate and seamless auxiliary services in the power market can guarantee smooth and continuous power system operation. China’s new round of power system reform has entered a critical period, and reform implementation requires comprehensive improvements in the maturity of the supporting auxiliary service market. This study reviews the development status and evolution path of the European unified power market and the US regional power market, provides experience for the development of China’s regional power market, then identifies the key influencing factors of auxiliary service trading mechanism design in regional power markets. To analyze the rationality of the auxiliary service trading evaluation index, this paper established an evaluation model for assessing regional power markets. Using combined weight optimization, the gray correlation TOPSIS method was applied to comprehensively evaluate auxiliary service trading in the regional power market. Finally, the application of the proposed evaluation method was briefly analyzed to examine four regional power markets in China and evaluate the effectiveness of current market construction in different regions and provide suggestions for future market construction.

Blockchain-Based Power Transaction Method for Active Distribution Network

A blockchain-based power transaction method is proposed for Active Distribution Network(ADN),considering the poor security and high cost of a centralized power trading system.Firstly,the decentralized blockchain structure of the ADN power transaction is built and the transaction information is kept in blocks.Secondly,considering the transaction needs between users and power suppliers in ADN,an energy request mechanism is proposed,and the optimization objective function is designed by integrating cost aware requests and storage aware requests.Finally,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for multi-objective optimal search to find the power trading scheme with the minimum power purchase cost of users and the maximum power sold by power suppliers.The experimental demonstration of the proposed method based on the experimental platform shows that when the number of participants is no more than 10,the transaction delay time is 0.2 s,and the transaction cost fluctuates at 200,000 yuan,which is better than other comparison methods.

Unit Commitment under the Environment of Wind Power and Large-Scale Bilateral Transactions

Bilateral electric power contract is settled based on contract output curve. This paper considered the bilateral transactions execution, new energy accommodation, power grid security and generation economy, considering the executive priority of different power components to establish a multi-objective coordination unit commitment model. Through an example to verify the effectiveness of the model in promoting wind power consumption, guaranteeing trade execution, and improving power generation efficiency, and analyzed the interactions to each other among the factors of wind power, trading and blocking. According to the results, when wind power causes reverse power flow in the congestion line, it will promote the implementation of contracts, the influence of wind power accommodation to trade execution should be analyzed combined with the grid block, the results can provide reference for wind power planning.

Annual Report of SGCC on Transactions of Electric Power Market in 2009

Market construction Overview In 2009, the electric power market expanded continuously. New installed capacity put into production within the coverage of the State Grid Corporation

DEVELOPMENT OF A FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTION SYSTEM

This paper presents a new transaction method in terms of which deals are concluded by competitive prices, and indicates its design on multiuser platform, especially the research of synchronization and vieing for powers. The system was programmed with SCO FOXBASE 210, C language and Shell. The result of nearly two year′s use proved that the transaction method and its accomplishments are all practicable.

Transaction of Marine Fishing Right: Theoretical Analysis

The difference between fishermen’s fishing catch and the optimal fishing catch is the basic reason for the transaction of marine fishing rights (TMFR). The effects of productive cost, non-productive cost, use-cost, transaction cost, productive revenue and non-productive revenue on the TMFR and the optimal fishing catch are analyzed. This paper draws following conclusions: the non-productive revenue has a positive effect on the TMFR, and other factors, such as non-productive cost, usecost and transaction cost, have a negative effect; the TMFR will promote the resource allocation; the high transaction cost may affect the implementation of TMFR.

面向电力市场的用户侧电力电量预测综述

对电力电量准确预测,把握其不确定性和随机性对电力市场的管理和发展具有重要意义。该文首先对电力市场及其环境下电力电量预测进行了简要概述;其次,从数据预处理、预测方法和预测场景3个角度出发,对面向电力市场的用户侧电力电量预测研究现状进行了总结与分析,详细阐述了新兴负荷、考虑分布式电源的接入、考虑需求响应、面对特殊事件与极端环境和面对综合能源系统5个场景下用户电力电量预测现状;最后,对现有研究面临的挑战进行了分析,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。

考虑发用电相似性的海上风电中长期双边协商交易优化决策模型

海上风电是未来最有潜力的可再生能源之一,但其出力具有随机性和波动性。为了更好地促进海上风电的市场化消纳,文中基于海上风电商与负荷聚合商间的中长期双边协商交易构建了优化决策模型。首先,通过时间序列相似性评估方法,为目标海上风电寻找最优的用电负荷组合。其次,考虑需求响应备用容量配置和发用电曲线预测误差,构建了基于两阶段分布鲁棒优化的中长期交易优化决策模型,为海上风电配置适应其未来一段时间内出力特性的需求响应资源,并合理调整中长期交易曲线。最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提模型的有效性和实用性。

基于区块链的算网可信交易激励机制研究

随着基于智能合约的云网资源交易技术的发展,算力交易向多方规模的形式发展,严重影响算网资源的高效可信交易。针对算力网络资源多方参与场景下的可信交易与高效资源激励需求,设计基于区块链的算网资源可信身份认证与资源交易激励机制。该机制采用基于算网用户身份信息可靠度的分布式认证策略,通过公证机构授权构建可信交易委托证书,实现资源交易任务可信进行。讨论基于契约理论的交易激励机制在算网资源可信交易与高效性服务上的应用,并与线性激励、信托激励模型进行机制对比,对算网参与方的资源效用收益与社会福利进行比较,进行多方最优效用收益激励验证,衡量本机制的激励效率。证明资源交易激励机制在交易验证场景的有效性,有效保证算网资源在多服务方接入的可信交易与高效激励。实验结果显示,该交易机制能够保障多方算网用户交易的可信性、可验证性与稳定性。所提机制在资源交易效率与社会福利收益方面均优于传统交易激励机制。

考虑多能源同台竞价的电力中长期融合交易机制设计与实践

新能源的入市可加速新型电力系统建设,针对新能源发电的随机性和波动性而导致上网电量与市场交易电量偏差较大的问题,设计了一种多能源同台竞价的融合交易机制。通过设计融合交易机制的组织流程与出清方式构建了新能源发电商(NEP)在不同交易模式下的结算模型,以江西电力中长期市场为背景设置算例参数,对NEP在几种交易模式下的收益进行分析,并对采用融合交易机制的江西电力中长期市场运行情况进行了对比分析。结果显示所提交易机制能促进新NEP达成交易,明显提升NEP的经济效益,有效推动新能源的入市进程并显著减少交易偏差率。

考虑可聚合资源的虚拟电厂低碳联合交易优化策略研究

为了提高能源利用效率,促进可再生能源的开发利用,考虑虚拟电厂可聚合资源规模,进行虚拟电厂低碳交易优化策略研究。首先,一方面,考虑源侧技术开发量与经济开发量分析源侧可聚合资源的上限值;另一方面,考虑荷侧可调节能力分析荷侧可聚合资源的上限值。然后,设计低碳虚拟电厂运行交易框架,分别对虚拟电厂中各单元建模。其次,基于碳交易机制,构建虚拟电厂参与电能量市场、碳交易市场与调峰辅助服务市场的低碳联合交易优化策略。最后,以某一地区为例进行算例分析,验证了模型的有效性。

风光储联合发电站与电力用户的电能直接交易模型

随着可再生能源和负荷预测精度的不断提升,风光储联合发电站和电力用户之间的电能直接交易具有了可行性。文章建立了风光储电站和电力用户之间电能直接交易的消纳模型。该模型以社会总效益最大化为目标,在传统模型的基础上,加入直购电合同中的电功率约束和储能相关运行约束,同时对于签订的总合同电量约束做出调整,并加入过网费和削减合同,惩罚权衡直购电量给系统带来的综合效益。结合生成的场景聚类,通过算例分析了风光储电站的日前优化结果,研究了合同电量限制因子、惩罚因子对直购电量和总社会经济效益的影响,结合纳什议价模型分析直购电价对利润均衡度的影响,验证了模型的实用性与有效性。

基于改进共识算法的虚拟电厂主从多链交易匹配机制

在未来新型电力系统中,虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)内部多主体的可信交易和信息安全将更加复杂和具有挑战性。而区块链技术的信息安全、分布决策、智能合约及防篡改等特征,为VPP多元主体可信交易提供新思路。文中聚焦VPP内部多聚合商形成的利益最大化及可信交易匹配效率问题,首先,依据交易主体需求差异,建立区块链技术与多智能体系统融合的一主多从分层互动控制架构;其次,设计一种面向多聚合商对等交易需求下的可信交易匹配机制,引入非合作博弈模型,保证了多聚合商主体的利益;然后,基于区块链的分布式粒子群优化算法提出了改进的委托权威证明机制(delegated proof-of-authority,DPoA)共识算法,提高交易的安全性;最后,通过算例分析验证文中所提策略的合理性和可行性,该策略能有效增强多主体交易的匹配效率和安全性。

考虑绿电交易的电力碳排放定量测算

我国绿色电力交易试点工作已正式启动,该项工作通过引入以绿证交易为主体的市场手段推动了双碳战略的部署进程。绿电交易鼓励了可再生能源市场竞争,加速了发电能源结构的良性变革,促进了可再生能源的消纳,最终通过优化碳排放和碳消费来实现降低碳排放等积极性影响。该文以图数据库及图计算技术为基础,通过建立可视化区域碳排放模型,针对不同区域的碳交换特征,构建出区域电力碳排放传导定量测算体系。通过量化分析属地碳强度与引入绿电交易后的市场碳强度的发用电碳强度差异,实现绿电交易市场背景下绿电交易区域间的电力碳强度变化监测,并基于分析结果实现电力碳排放数据的可视化展示。最后,探讨了考虑绿电交易的电力碳排放传导定量测算系统对电力市场绿电交易行为的策略性预测与理论参考价值。

用对策模型分析PowerPool市场对双边合同型交易的影响

用二人对策的理论和方法对同时存在集中调度的电力联营市场(PowerPool)和分散调度的双边合同型交易的两种模式进行了研究分析,并提出了定价方式。研究表明,双边交易的定价要受到同时存在的Pool电价的影响,且双边交易的利益不平均分配是可以被交易双方接受的。文中还比较了发电费用曲线为二次曲线时文中所提定价方式与不存在PowerPool时定价方式的关系,这两种结果是在不同交易环境下得到的,在各自的条件下都是常规合理的。

Planning Model for Energy Routers Considering Peer-to-Peer Energy Transactions Among Multiple Distribution Networks

A high proportion of renewable energy affects the power quality of distribution networks,and surplus energy will be sold to the upstream grid at a low price.In this paper,considering peer-to-peer energy transactions,the energy router-based multiple distribution networks are analyzed to solve the above problems and realize collaborative consumption of renewable energy.Presently,the investing cost of an energy router is high,and research on the economic operation of energy routers in distribution networks is little.Therefore,this paper establishes a planning model for energy routers considering peer-to-peer energy transactions among distribution networks,and explores the benefits of peer-to-peer energy transactions through energy router based multiple distribution networks.A structure of an energy router suitable for peer-to-peer energy transactions is selected,and a power flow calculation model based on a multilayer structure is established.The energy router’s scheduling model is established,and unique functions of the energy router and revenue of each distribution network are considered.A power flow calculation model based on peer-to-peer interconnection of multiple distribution networks through energy routers is also established.Finally,simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning model.Results show that peer-topeer energy transaction among distribution networks through energy routers can effectively reduce the comprehensive cost of distribution networks,significantly improve the power quality of the distribution networks,and reduce the impact of power fluctuation on the upstream grid incurred by the distribution network.

面向虚拟电厂电力交易的隐私保护结算模型

在“双碳”目标驱动下,虚拟电厂已经逐渐成为电力系统中聚合调控柔性资源及参与电力市场交易的有效途径,从而实现分布式资源的优化配置及合理利用。然而,虚拟电厂运营商作为市场主体参与电力市场交易时,依旧存在数据采集和计量公信力不足、隐私保护难度大、利益分配环节透明度不足等问题。区块链技术去中心化、分布式存储等特点与虚拟电厂的分散自治特点相契合。针对上述问题,采用区块链融合装置,从源头解决上链数据的可信问题,并设计了基于同态加密技术的收益分配机制,实现了可验证的隐私多方计算。在此基础上进行了严格的安全性证明和仿真测试,验证了所提方案可以达到收益分配机制公开透明化的目标,同时能够有效地保护各方隐私。

电网匿名交易下实名制智能合约隐私保护方法研究

电网数据中包含大量的用户隐私信息,为保证电网数据安全,在电网匿名交易下研究实名制智能合约隐私保护方法。在文件同步合约中,获取用户初始数据并对其进行加密处理。基于实名制智能合约实现隐私加密,获取同态加密下交易双方用户信息,得到计算节点多项式方程,进行安全多方外包计算,划定集合验证的判断等式,在秘密的重构与解密中,重构隐私加密多项式。设计隐私保护算法,实现电网数据的隐私保护。实验结果显示,该隐私保护方法的智能合约生成速度较快,且其缓存命中率在第1200次请求时就可以达到70%。

事务治理与属地再造

村庄变迁会让村庄事务复杂,城乡融合则会让村庄事务溢出,这就必然会冲击“乡政村治”体制并引发基层属地管理难题。以东部发达农村治理经验为基础就会发现,借助于网格化管理工具和机制,能够实现“不变体制变机制”的治理创新。这是一种基于属地体制的治理调适,它不仅实现了纵向治理责任的下沉,而且也重构了基层组织权责,激发了属地组织治理动力。基层组织发挥属地治理优势,依据事务的多元属性自主调配治理资源,能有效实现“及时把矛盾纠纷化解在基层”的目标。在乡村社会剧烈转型的当下,我们应摒弃体制问题机制化的解读误区,立足治理事务结构优化治理资源,扬长避短发挥属地治理的效能。