Three-dimensional surface current loops in broadband responsive negative refractive metamaterial with isotropy

We propose a bulk negative refractive index （NRI） metamaterial composed of periodic array of tightly coupled metallic cross-pairs printed oR the six sides of a cube for applications of superlenses. The structural characteristics of the three-dimensional （3D） metamaterial consist in the high symmetry and the superposition of metallic cross-pairs, which can increase the magnetic inductive coupling between adjacent cross-pairs and realize a broadband and isotropic NRI. The proposed 3D structure is simulated using the CS~ Microwave Studio 2006 to verify the design validity. The simulation results show that the proposed structure can not only realize simultaneously an electric and magnetic response to an incident electromagnetic （EM） wave, but also exhibit a broadband NRI whose relative bandwidth can reach up to 56.7%. In addition, the NRI band is insensitive to tile polarization and the incident angle of the incident EM wave. Therefore, the proposed metamaterial is a good candidate material as three-dimensional broadband isotropic NRI metamaterial.

Current Loop Disturbance Suppression for Dual Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Based on Modified Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control

A modified four-dimensional linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)strategy is proposed for a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator(DTP-PMSG)system to reduce cross-coupling between the d and q axis currents in the d-q subspace and harmonic currents in the x-y subspace.In the d-q subspace,the proposed strategy uses a model-based LADRC to enhance the decoupling effect between the d and q axes and the disturbance rejection ability against parameter variation.In the x-y subspace,the 5th and 7th harmonic current suppression abilities are improved by using quasi-resonant units parallel to the extended state observer of the traditional LADRC.The proposed modified LADRC strategy improved both the steady-state performance and dynamic response of the DTP-PMSG system.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is both feasible and effective.

Parameter Design of Current Double Closed Loop for T-Type Three-Level Grid-Connected Inverter

To reduce current harmonics caused by switching frequency,T-type grid-connected inverter topology with LCL filter is adopted.In view of the disadvantages of the slow response speed of the traditional current control and the failure to eliminate the influence of the LCL filter on the grid-connected current by using current PI control alone,a current double closed loop PI current tracking control is proposed.Through the theoretical analysis of the grid-connected inverter control principle,the grid-connected inverter control model is designed,and the transfer functionmodel of each control link is deduced,and the current loop PI regulator is designed at last.The simulation results show that the control strategy is feasible.

Symbolic Computation and Graphic Presentation of Magneto-Static Field and Its Associated Vector Potential for a Steady Looping Current

With the advent of Computer Algebra System (CAS) such as Mathematica [1], challenging symbolic longhand calcula-tions can effectively be performed free of error and at ease. Mathematica’s integrated features allow the investigator to combine the needed symbolic, numeric and graphic modules all in one interactive environment. This assists the author to focus on interpreting the output rather than exerting the efforts of relating the scattered separate modules. In this note the author, utilizing these three features, explores the magneto-static field and its associated vector potential of a steady looping current. In particular by deploying the numeric features of Mathematica the exact value of the vector potential of the looping current conducive to its 3D graph is presented.

Voltage Generation by Rotating an Arbitrary-Shaped Metal Loop around Arbitrary Axis in the Presence of an Axial Current Distribution

A thin metallic wire loop of arbitrary curvature is rotated with respect to an arbitrary axis of its plane. The device is excited by an electric dipole of infinite length and constant current. The resistance of the loop is computed rigorously as function of the position of the source. In this way, the induced voltage along the wire, under any kind of axial excitation, is given in the form of a superposition integral. The measured response is represented for various shapes of the coil, with respect to the time, the rotation angle and the position of the source. These diagrams lead to several technically applicable conclusions which are presented, discussed and justified.

基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验研究

对不同水灰比钢筋混凝土开展了基于原电池原理的电化学脱氯试验,研究了不同水灰比的钢筋混凝土电化学参数随时间的演变规律。结果表明:水灰比越大,脱氯初期阳极工作电位越负,回路电流越大,脱氯效率越高;水灰比越大,脱氯后钢筋腐蚀电位正移越明显,极化电阻增幅越大,OH^(-)浓度的增幅越小;脱氯后,混凝土中C-S-H凝胶和Friedel’s盐的含量略微降低,而Ca(OH)_(2)的含量略微增加,AFt和C-S-H凝胶少量分解。

A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR SINUSIODAL WAVE INVERTER WITH PI REGULATORS AND CAPACITOR CURRENT FEEDBACK

Objective For the inverters used in UPS, it is important to maintain the pure sinusoidal AC output voltage waveform over all loading conditions and transients. Methods A novel sinusoidal output voltage control strategy is pregented in this paper. The output voltage is controlled by introducing filtering eapacitor current feedback. Two simple PI regulators are used for the current and voltage control loops. Results With the new control strategy, the inverter achieves very low output voltage distortion, good output voltage regulation and strong perturbation rejection, fast dynamic response, and good performance under nonlinear loads. The THD under capacitance rectifying load is better than 0.2%, the output voltage regulation within 0 to full load is less than 0.1%. The resting time under load transient is within 200?μ s . Conclusion The merits of the new control strategy include rapid response and good steady state stiffness.

单相LCL型并网逆变器准比例谐振控制

针对PI控制对逆变交流信号无法实现无静差控制的问题,提出一种准比例谐振(QPR)控制策略,以提高电网基波频率处的增益,进而实现对正弦交流信号更好地跟踪控制.同时,针对LCL型滤波器存在谐振尖峰的问题,提出基于电容电流比例反馈的有源阻尼策略,构建电容电流内环与并网电流外环的双电流环控制结构,实现谐振尖峰抑制.为验证所提控制策略与控制结构的有效性,利用QPR控制及电容电流比例反馈有源阻尼策略构建单相LCL型并网逆变器仿真模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明所提控制策略使并网电流幅值误差约为0.03%,并网电流总谐波失真率为1.47%,有效降低了逆变交流信号的跟踪控制误差,提高了并网电流的质量,且具备良好的动态性能,验证了所提QPR控制的适应性.

频率自适应的构网型变流器宽频带谐波电压抑制策略

传统构网型变流器在复杂电网阻抗、非线性负载的应用场景下的输出电压会存在较大谐波而不满足电能质量要求。然而,传统构网变流器的控制目标在于维持基波电压幅值和频率的稳定,公共耦合点谐波电压的问题被忽略。为了提升构网变流器对谐波电压的抑制能力,该文提出了一种宽频带的谐波电压消除策略。该策略在主要的谐波电压频率范围内均保持足够的增益,且与基波控制解耦。此外,所提策略不依赖于自适应谐振控制器、重复控制器中的谐波电压频率提取环节而对频率变化的谐波电压进行抑制,简化了控制器结构,使其便于工程实施。该文推导的构网变流器的小信号分析和阻抗模型也证明了所提策略在和基波控制解耦的同时有效地提升了谐波电压抑制能力。最后,通过实验验证了理论分析的准确性和有效性。

LLC谐振变换器混合控制策略的研究

针对两级式车载充电机的后级全桥LLC谐振变换器,根据锂电池充电策略确定了电压电流双单环竞争的控制方案,并使用PFM+Burst混合控制方法提高LLC谐振变换器的轻载效率。采用等效电路法简化LLC谐振变换器的小信号模型,推导出开关频率到输出电压的传递函数,基于此设计了2p2z型补偿器用于LLC谐振变换器闭环控制。并在全桥LLC谐振变换器实验平台验证了控制方案的正确性。实验表明,该控制方案下变换器工作稳定,恒压恒流输出准确。

非隔离型低压柔性潮流转供装置共模电流直接闭环抑制策略

非隔离型低压柔性潮流转供装置具有可主动调节配电网潮流、改善电能质量等功能,因其高效率、低成本、高功率密度等优势受到了高度关注。但多端变流器脉宽调制及动态耦合效应会产生复杂共模环流,影响系统安全稳定。为了克服这一难题,提出一种基于开关周期平均共模电压直接调制的共模环流指定谐波闭环抑制策略。首先,建立非隔离型柔性潮流转供装置的精准共模电路模型,分析阻抗和主导次共模环流特性,揭示了开关周期平均共模电压和共模环流的关联性;其次,通过双侧变流器零矢量协调分配实现了等效平均共模电压的精准调节,在不影响差模电流动态调节的基础上实现了指定次共模环流的闭环抑制调控;最后,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。

48脉冲整流控制在超大功率并联感应熔化系统中的应用

为减少超大功率并联感应熔化系统对电网的谐波干扰,降低对电网短路容量的需求,并提供足够的电流,提出一种48脉冲整流控制技术。通过两个24脉冲主变压器输出8个相位差为7.5°的三相交流,经过三相全控整流电路连接感应熔化系统。控制器采用软件锁相环算法,自动识别A、B、C相序,并根据系统的设定功率和反馈电流调整触发角度驱动相应的可控硅,输出所需的电压,可自动平衡8个三相进线电流,避免引起连接铜排和变压器内部局部发热。该技术已成功应用于40 MW并联感应熔化系统,工作稳定可靠。

The Feasibility Research on Distribution Network Closed Loop Based on the Load Transfer Model

With the continuous development of urban distribution network, most of the distribution network has formed a dual power supply mode. The traditional way of distribution network load operating mainly adopts the power method, while satisfied the requirements of the safety of power grid, but will cause external short time power outages, poor user experience, realizing the distribution network outage rearrangement of load is a necessary means to improve power supply reliability. This paper presents mathematical model of load transfer in distribution network. The differences of voltage of amplitude and phase angle on both sides are calculated by the power flow. According to the differential pressure to determine whether the loop can be closed at the loop operation, thereby improving the success rate of operation.

应用于储能系统的CLLLC谐振变换器控制策略研究

动态性能和运行效率是CLLLC谐振变换器的重要性能指标。针对传统电压闭环控制加入电流驱动同步整流后系统动态性能进一步变差的问题,提出一种谐振电流内环的电压电流双闭环变频控制策略,并给出双环控制和同步整流的综合控制方法。首先根据变换器的增益特性,分析电感比和品质因数对增益曲线和效率的影响,并据此进行谐振参数设计;其次根据不同谐振状态下的谐振电流特性实现同步整流;最后引入谐振电流内环控制,实现双环控制和同步整流的综合控制。仿真结果表明,所提综合控制策略能够产生精确的同步整流驱动信号,相比于传统电压闭环控制,能够显著改善变换器对负载扰动和电压扰动的动态性能。

一种进行环路隔离的大电流高电源抑制比LDO设计

针对传统带有电荷泵、以NMOS作为功率管的LDO驱动能力低下和输出纹波偏高的问题,基于Huahong 0.35μmBCD工艺,设计了一种隔离交直流环路的大电流LDO。该LDO通过将直流环路和交流环路进行隔离,降低了对电荷泵驱动能力的需求,从而保证NMOS功率管栅极驱动电压的较低纹波并实现大电流输出。通过加入纹波电流吸收电路,增强了LDO的PSRR。结果表明,在3.41~5.5V的输入电压范围内,LDO的输出电压为3.3V,输出电流最高达到3 A,压差为110 mV。LDO在轻负载下的PSRR为:111.261dB@DC,86.9005dB@1kHz,78.9472dB@1MHz;重负载下的PSRR为:111.280dB@DC,84.1231dB@1kHz,39.2638dB@1MHz。

永磁同步电机电流环时变时滞相关稳定性分析

为探究时变时滞对永磁同步电机电流环控制系统的影响,建立了具有时变时滞的永磁同步电机电流环闭环控制系统模型,利用时滞分割法构造了Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,获得了保证系统内部渐进稳定的时变时滞相关稳定性判据,建立了控制器增益、时变时滞上界与闭环系统稳定性之间的关系,为实际工程应用中控制器参数设计提供了理论依据。仿真结果表明所提出的方法能够保证系统内部渐进稳定,且相较于经典方法具有更小的保守性,可为控制系统时变时滞相关稳定性分析及控制器设计提供理论支持。

Lateral Dynamic Analysis and Motion Control of a Jet Trencher in Ocean Currents

In order to control the lateral motion of a jet trencher which is important for stable trenching operation,the oscillation characteristics of the jet trencher are researched. The jet trencher is simplified into a single degree of freedom model with restoring and damping force. The nonlinear mathematical model of the trencher laterally oscillating in ocean currents is established,and its approximate analytical solution is obtained.Results show that the analytical solution has small differences with numerical solution based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and can effectively describe the underwater oscillation. A double-loop PID controller is designed to control the lateral motion displacement of the trencher to return to the center of the pipeline route which is effective and robust for the propulsion system.

基于广义二阶积分器的高频脉振电压注入PMSM无位置传感器控制

传统高频脉振电压注入法需要使用多个滤波器滤除杂波信号,会使系统产生延时且估计误差较大,本文提出广义二阶积分器代替滤波器滤除杂波,实现对转速和转子位置估计精度的提高。针对传统高频脉振电压注入法位置观测精度和动态性能较差的问题,采用一种基于广义二阶积分器的速度环和电流环位置误差信息提取方法。采用广义二阶积分器代替位置观测闭环的带通滤波器和低通滤波器,提取电机速度和转子位置信息,简化参数整定过程,提高位置观测精度;同时用2个广义二阶积分器串联取代电流环中的低通滤波器,提取基频电流分量,增加电流环带宽,减小系统延时。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法提高了位置观测精度和系统的动态响应性能。

The Classical Hall Effect in Multiply-Connected Plane Regions Part II: Spiral Current Streamlines

Multiply-connected Hall plates show different phenomena than singly connected Hall plates. In part I (published in Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics), we discussed topologies where a stream function can be defined, with special reference to Hall/Anti-Hall bar configurations. In part II, we focus on topologies where no conventional stream function can be defined, like Corbino disks. If current is injected and extracted at different boundaries of a multiply-connected conductive region, the current density shows spiral streamlines at strong magnetic field. Spiral streamlines also appear in simply-connected Hall plates when current contacts are located in their interior instead of their boundary, particularly if the contacts are very small. Spiral streamlines and circulating current are studied for two complementary planar device geometries: either all boundaries are conducting or all boundaries are insulating. The latter case means point current contacts and it can be treated similarly to singly connected Hall plates with peripheral contacts through the definition of a so-called loop stream function. This function also establishes a relation between Hall plates with complementary boundary conditions. The theory is explained by examples.

某型地面发控点火电流异常分析和电路改进

针对某型地面发控系统在使用过程中出现的点火电流异常问题,采用数学方法研究点火电流与元器件参数的变化规律,发现地面发控点火电流在某些环境下不稳定的根本原因。最后提出一种闭环控制方案,增加电流反馈环节,解决点火电流异常问题。实际应用验证表明,改进后的点火电路能适应更大的点火负载,有效提高了点火的可靠性。