BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)is considered the most suitable for diabetes mellitus diagnosis due to its accuracy and convenience.However,the effect of HbA1c on diabetic retinopathy(DR)in the Han and Korean...BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)is considered the most suitable for diabetes mellitus diagnosis due to its accuracy and convenience.However,the effect of HbA1c on diabetic retinopathy(DR)in the Han and Korean populations in Jilin,China,remains inconclusive.AIM To determine the best cut-off of HbA1c for diagnosing DR among the Chinese.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1933 participants from the Yanbian area of Jilin Province,China.Trained investigators employed a questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,laboratory tests,and fundus photography for the investigation.The best cut-off value for HbA1c was established via the receiver operating characteristic curve.The factors associated with HbA1c-associated risk factors were determined via linear regression.RESULTS The analysis included 887 eligible Chinese Han and Korean participants,591 of whom were assigned randomly to the training set and 296 to the validation set.The prevalence of DR was 3.27% in the total population.HbA1c of 6.2% was the best cut-off value in the training set,while it was 5.9% in the validation set.In both Chinese Han and Korean populations,an HbA1c level of 6.2% was the best cut-off value.The optimal cut-off values of fasting blood glucose(FBG)≥7 mmol/L and<7 mmol/L were 8.1% and 6.2% respectively in Han populations,while those in Korean populations were 6.9%and 5.3%,respectively.Age,body mass index,and FBG were determined as the risk factors impacting HbA1c levels.CONCLUSION HbA1c may serve as a useful diagnostic indicator for DR.An HbA1c level of 6.2% may be an appropriate cut-off value for DR detection in the Chinese population.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-dose tibolone therapy on ovarian area, uterine volume and endometrial thickness, and define the cut-off value of endometrial thickness for curettage during uter...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-dose tibolone therapy on ovarian area, uterine volume and endometrial thickness, and define the cut-off value of endometrial thickness for curettage during uterine bleeding. We followed 619 postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years, for two years. There were 301 subjects in the low-dose tibolone treatment group and 318 subjects in the control group. The ovarian area, uterine volume and endometrial thickness in all participants were measured by transvaginal ultrasound prior to, one and two years post enrollment, respectively. Endometrial specimens were collected from all subjects with abnormal uterine bleeding during the follow-up period. We found that the uterine volume in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference was significant （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in ovarian area and endometrial thickness between the two groups （P〉0.05）. When the cut-off value for endometrial thickness was 7.35 ram, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 79.07%, respectively, and 85.71% and 93.02% when 7.55 mm was set as the cut-offduring tibolone therapy. The results indicate that low-dose tibolone therapy may postpone uterine atrophy and the cut-off value of endometrial thickness may be appropriately adjusted for curettage.展开更多
Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. The commonly used cut-off values for identifying iron deficiency are extrapolated from older children and may not be suitable for i...Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. The commonly used cut-off values for identifying iron deficiency are extrapolated from older children and may not be suitable for infants. Therefore, our study aimed to establish appropriate cut-off values for the evaluation of iron status in Chinese infants. Pregnant women who delivered at 〉37 gestational weeks with normal iron status were recruited. Later, infants with normal birth weight and who were breastfed in the first 4 months were selected. Blood samples were collected to assess hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, mean corpuscular volume and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Cut-offs of all iron indices were determined as the limit of 95% confidence interval.展开更多
The transverse relaxation time (T_(2)) cut-off value plays a crucial role in nuclear magnetic resonance for identifying movable and immovable boundaries, evaluating permeability, and determining fluid saturation in pe...The transverse relaxation time (T_(2)) cut-off value plays a crucial role in nuclear magnetic resonance for identifying movable and immovable boundaries, evaluating permeability, and determining fluid saturation in petrophysical characterization of petroleum reservoirs. This study focuses on the systematic analysis of T_(2) spectra and T_(2) cut-off values in low-permeability reservoir rocks. Analysis of 36 low-permeability cores revealed a wide distribution of T_(2) cut-off values, ranging from 7 to 50 ms. Additionally, the T_(2) spectra exhibited multimodal characteristics, predominantly displaying unimodal and bimodal morphologies, with a few trimodal morphologies, which are inherently influenced by different pore types. Fractal characteristics of pore structure in fully water-saturated cores were captured through the T_(2) spectra, which were calculated using generalized fractal and multifractal theories. To augment the limited dataset of 36 cores, the synthetic minority oversampling technique was employed. Models for evaluating the T_(2) cut-off value were separately developed based on the classified T_(2) spectra, considering the number of peaks, and utilizing generalized fractal dimensions at the weight <0 and the singular intensity range. The underlying mechanism is that the singular intensity and generalized fractal dimensions at the weight <0 can detect the T_(2) spectral shift. However, the T_(2) spectral shift has negligible effects on multifractal spectrum function difference and generalized fractal dimensions at the weight >0. The primary objective of this work is to gain insights into the relationship between the kurtosis of the T_(2) spectrum and pore types, as well as to predict the T_(2) cut-off value of low-permeability rocks using machine learning and data augmentation techniques.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to investigate minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)distributions by broth microdilution(BMD)method and to determine the preliminary epidemiological cut-off value(ECV)of colistin by ep...The aim of the present study was to investigate minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)distributions by broth microdilution(BMD)method and to determine the preliminary epidemiological cut-off value(ECV)of colistin by epidemiological cut-off(ECOFF)finder against E.coli from chickens in China.Anal swabs were collected from chicken farms in China.BMD method was used to measure MIC50 and MIC90 of colistin which were 2 and 4μg•mL^(-1),respectively.MIC frequency distributions for colistin were used to estimate preliminary ECV(8μg•mL^(-1)).High percentages of resistance to ampicillin(94.12%),nalidixic acid(94.12%),enrofloxacin(94.12%),tetracycline(94.12%),ciprofloxacin(88.24%),florfenicol(88.24%),neomycin(64.71%),gentamicin(58.82%),levofloxacin(58.82%),doxycycline(88.24%)and cefalexin(76.47%)were found.In addition,low percentages of resistance to amikacin(5.88%),spectinomycin(17.65%)and fosfomycin(41.18%)were noted.Notably,amoxicillin,sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim resulted in a 100%resistance generation efficacy rate.Prevalence of mcr-1 in E.coli(9/17)in chromosomal DNA was higher than mcr-4(2/17)gene,and mcr-1(5/17)was higher than mcr-4(3/17)in plasmid.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) in thyroglobulin (Tg)-negative and TgAb-positive (Tg<sup>-</sup>TgAb<sup>+<...Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) in thyroglobulin (Tg)-negative and TgAb-positive (Tg<sup>-</sup>TgAb<sup>+</sup>) patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Method: We studied 341 patients with histologically confirmed DTC who had undergone remnant ablation and showed Tg<sup>-</sup>TgAb<sup>+</sup> assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The cases were divided into two groups, including recurrence group 119 cases and no evidence of disease (NED) group 222 cases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out. The symmetric measures of the two diagnostic methods (the golden standard and the diagnostic standard as serum TgAb level alone) were analyzed using McNemar test and measure of agreement Kappa. Results: Serum TgAb level (1381.292 ± 1017.221) IU/ml of patients with recurrent group was significantly higher than that (125.559 ± 314.047) IU/ml of NED group (P = 0.000 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.962 and its asymptotic 95% confidence interval (CI) was (0.942, 0.982) that was high statistical significance. The cut-off value of TgAb was determined and interpreted at 246.695 IU/ml with sensitivity (92.40%) and specificity (92.30%). McNemar test showed that the diagnostic results of the two methods were not significant difference (P = 0.230 > 0.05). Measure of agreement Kappa was 0.841, P = 0.000 0.001 that showed the agreement of the two diagnostic methods was significant. Conclusion: Serum TgAb is a useful tumor marker for recurrence in Tg-negative and TgAb-positive DTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy and remnant ablation. The cut-off value of TgAb is 246.695 IU/ml, that is to say, serum TgAb level upon 246.695 IU/ml may be associated with the persistence or recurrence of DTC.展开更多
Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)have emerged as potential alternatives to drug-eluting stents in specific lesion subsets for de novo coronary lesions.Quantitative flow ratio(QFR)is a method based on the three-dim...Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)have emerged as potential alternatives to drug-eluting stents in specific lesion subsets for de novo coronary lesions.Quantitative flow ratio(QFR)is a method based on the three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography and contrast flow velocity during coronary angiography(CAG),obviating the need for an invasive fractional flow reserve procedural.This study aimed to assess the serial angiographic changes of de novo lesions post-DCB therapy and further explore the cut-off values of lesion and vessel QFR,which predict vessel restenosis(diameter stenosis[DS]≥50%)at mid-term follow-up.Methods:The data of patients who underwent DCB therapy between January 2014 and December 2019 from the multicenter hospital were retrospectively collected for QFR analysis.From their QFR performances,which were analyzed by CAG images at follow-up,we divided them into two groups:group A,showing target vessel DS≥50%,and group B,showing target vessel DS<50%.The median follow-up time was 287 days in group A and 227 days in group B.We compared the clinical characteristics,parameters during DCB therapy,and QFR performances,which were analyzed by CAG images between the two groups,in need to explore the cut-off value of lesion/vessel QFR which can predict vessel restenosis.Student's t test was used for the comparison of normally distributed continuous data,Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves for the evaluation of QFR performance which can predict vessel restenosis(DS≥50%)at mid-term follow-up using the area under the curve(AUC).Results:A total of 112 patients with 112 target vessels were enrolled in this study.Group A had 41 patients,while group B had 71.Vessel QFR and lesion QFR were lower in group A than in group B post-DCB therapy,and the cut-off values of lesion QFR and vessel QFR in the ROC analysis to predict target vessel DS≥50%post-DCB therapy were 0.905(AUC,0.741[95%confidence interval,CI:0.645,0.837];sensitivity,0.817;specificity,0.561;P<0.001)and 0.890(AUC,0.796[95%CI:0.709,0.882];sensitivity,0.746;specificity,0.780;P<0.001).Conclusions:The cut-off values of lesion QFR and vessel QFR can assist in predicting the angiographic changes post-DCB therapy.When lesion/vessel QFR values are<0.905/0.890 post-DCB therapy,a higher risk of vessel restenosis is potentially predicted at follow-up.展开更多
Background:Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.This study was undertaken to determine the cut-off value of hemoglobin for infant anemia.Methods:A c...Background:Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.This study was undertaken to determine the cut-off value of hemoglobin for infant anemia.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at well-baby clinics of a tertiary care hospital.A total of 1484 healthy infants aged between 4 to 24 months were included in the study.The relationship of hemoglobin(Hb)levels with mother age,birth weight,weight gain rate,feeding,and gender was evaluated.Results:The Hb levels were assessed in four age groups(4 months,6 months,9-12 months,and 15-24 months)and the cut-off values of Hb were determined.Hb cut-off values(5th percentile for age)were detected as 97 g/L and 93 g/L at 4 months and 6 months,respectively.In older infants,the 5th percentile was 90.5 g/L and 93.4 g/L at 9-12 months and 15-24 months,respectively.The two values were lower than the World Health Organization criteria for anemia,which could partly due to the lack of information on iron status in our population.However,this difference highlights the need for further studies on normal Hb levels in healthy infants in developing countries.Hb levels of females were higher in all age groups;however,a statistically significant difference was found in gender in only 6 month-old infants.No statistically significant difference was found among Hb levels,mother's age,birth weight,weight gain rate,and nutritional status.Conclusion:Hb cut-off values in infants should be re-evaluated and be compatible with growth and development of children in that community.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China,No.2016YFC1305700.
文摘BACKGROUND Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)is considered the most suitable for diabetes mellitus diagnosis due to its accuracy and convenience.However,the effect of HbA1c on diabetic retinopathy(DR)in the Han and Korean populations in Jilin,China,remains inconclusive.AIM To determine the best cut-off of HbA1c for diagnosing DR among the Chinese.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 1933 participants from the Yanbian area of Jilin Province,China.Trained investigators employed a questionnaire-based survey,physical examination,laboratory tests,and fundus photography for the investigation.The best cut-off value for HbA1c was established via the receiver operating characteristic curve.The factors associated with HbA1c-associated risk factors were determined via linear regression.RESULTS The analysis included 887 eligible Chinese Han and Korean participants,591 of whom were assigned randomly to the training set and 296 to the validation set.The prevalence of DR was 3.27% in the total population.HbA1c of 6.2% was the best cut-off value in the training set,while it was 5.9% in the validation set.In both Chinese Han and Korean populations,an HbA1c level of 6.2% was the best cut-off value.The optimal cut-off values of fasting blood glucose(FBG)≥7 mmol/L and<7 mmol/L were 8.1% and 6.2% respectively in Han populations,while those in Korean populations were 6.9%and 5.3%,respectively.Age,body mass index,and FBG were determined as the risk factors impacting HbA1c levels.CONCLUSION HbA1c may serve as a useful diagnostic indicator for DR.An HbA1c level of 6.2% may be an appropriate cut-off value for DR detection in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the Sci-tech Research Development Program of Shaanxi Province (No.2015SF015)
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-dose tibolone therapy on ovarian area, uterine volume and endometrial thickness, and define the cut-off value of endometrial thickness for curettage during uterine bleeding. We followed 619 postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years, for two years. There were 301 subjects in the low-dose tibolone treatment group and 318 subjects in the control group. The ovarian area, uterine volume and endometrial thickness in all participants were measured by transvaginal ultrasound prior to, one and two years post enrollment, respectively. Endometrial specimens were collected from all subjects with abnormal uterine bleeding during the follow-up period. We found that the uterine volume in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group, and the difference was significant （P〈0.05）, but there were no significant differences in ovarian area and endometrial thickness between the two groups （P〉0.05）. When the cut-off value for endometrial thickness was 7.35 ram, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 79.07%, respectively, and 85.71% and 93.02% when 7.55 mm was set as the cut-offduring tibolone therapy. The results indicate that low-dose tibolone therapy may postpone uterine atrophy and the cut-off value of endometrial thickness may be appropriately adjusted for curettage.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30972483)The Chinese clinical trial registry number is ChiCTR-TRC-12002838
文摘Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiency worldwide. The commonly used cut-off values for identifying iron deficiency are extrapolated from older children and may not be suitable for infants. Therefore, our study aimed to establish appropriate cut-off values for the evaluation of iron status in Chinese infants. Pregnant women who delivered at 〉37 gestational weeks with normal iron status were recruited. Later, infants with normal birth weight and who were breastfed in the first 4 months were selected. Blood samples were collected to assess hemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, mean corpuscular volume and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. Cut-offs of all iron indices were determined as the limit of 95% confidence interval.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42002171,42172159)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020TQ0299,2020M682520)Postdoctoral Innovation Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China.
文摘The transverse relaxation time (T_(2)) cut-off value plays a crucial role in nuclear magnetic resonance for identifying movable and immovable boundaries, evaluating permeability, and determining fluid saturation in petrophysical characterization of petroleum reservoirs. This study focuses on the systematic analysis of T_(2) spectra and T_(2) cut-off values in low-permeability reservoir rocks. Analysis of 36 low-permeability cores revealed a wide distribution of T_(2) cut-off values, ranging from 7 to 50 ms. Additionally, the T_(2) spectra exhibited multimodal characteristics, predominantly displaying unimodal and bimodal morphologies, with a few trimodal morphologies, which are inherently influenced by different pore types. Fractal characteristics of pore structure in fully water-saturated cores were captured through the T_(2) spectra, which were calculated using generalized fractal and multifractal theories. To augment the limited dataset of 36 cores, the synthetic minority oversampling technique was employed. Models for evaluating the T_(2) cut-off value were separately developed based on the classified T_(2) spectra, considering the number of peaks, and utilizing generalized fractal dimensions at the weight <0 and the singular intensity range. The underlying mechanism is that the singular intensity and generalized fractal dimensions at the weight <0 can detect the T_(2) spectral shift. However, the T_(2) spectral shift has negligible effects on multifractal spectrum function difference and generalized fractal dimensions at the weight >0. The primary objective of this work is to gain insights into the relationship between the kurtosis of the T_(2) spectrum and pore types, as well as to predict the T_(2) cut-off value of low-permeability rocks using machine learning and data augmentation techniques.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0501302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772801)。
文摘The aim of the present study was to investigate minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)distributions by broth microdilution(BMD)method and to determine the preliminary epidemiological cut-off value(ECV)of colistin by epidemiological cut-off(ECOFF)finder against E.coli from chickens in China.Anal swabs were collected from chicken farms in China.BMD method was used to measure MIC50 and MIC90 of colistin which were 2 and 4μg•mL^(-1),respectively.MIC frequency distributions for colistin were used to estimate preliminary ECV(8μg•mL^(-1)).High percentages of resistance to ampicillin(94.12%),nalidixic acid(94.12%),enrofloxacin(94.12%),tetracycline(94.12%),ciprofloxacin(88.24%),florfenicol(88.24%),neomycin(64.71%),gentamicin(58.82%),levofloxacin(58.82%),doxycycline(88.24%)and cefalexin(76.47%)were found.In addition,low percentages of resistance to amikacin(5.88%),spectinomycin(17.65%)and fosfomycin(41.18%)were noted.Notably,amoxicillin,sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim resulted in a 100%resistance generation efficacy rate.Prevalence of mcr-1 in E.coli(9/17)in chromosomal DNA was higher than mcr-4(2/17)gene,and mcr-1(5/17)was higher than mcr-4(3/17)in plasmid.
文摘Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of serum thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) in thyroglobulin (Tg)-negative and TgAb-positive (Tg<sup>-</sup>TgAb<sup>+</sup>) patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Method: We studied 341 patients with histologically confirmed DTC who had undergone remnant ablation and showed Tg<sup>-</sup>TgAb<sup>+</sup> assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). The cases were divided into two groups, including recurrence group 119 cases and no evidence of disease (NED) group 222 cases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out. The symmetric measures of the two diagnostic methods (the golden standard and the diagnostic standard as serum TgAb level alone) were analyzed using McNemar test and measure of agreement Kappa. Results: Serum TgAb level (1381.292 ± 1017.221) IU/ml of patients with recurrent group was significantly higher than that (125.559 ± 314.047) IU/ml of NED group (P = 0.000 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.962 and its asymptotic 95% confidence interval (CI) was (0.942, 0.982) that was high statistical significance. The cut-off value of TgAb was determined and interpreted at 246.695 IU/ml with sensitivity (92.40%) and specificity (92.30%). McNemar test showed that the diagnostic results of the two methods were not significant difference (P = 0.230 > 0.05). Measure of agreement Kappa was 0.841, P = 0.000 0.001 that showed the agreement of the two diagnostic methods was significant. Conclusion: Serum TgAb is a useful tumor marker for recurrence in Tg-negative and TgAb-positive DTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy and remnant ablation. The cut-off value of TgAb is 246.695 IU/ml, that is to say, serum TgAb level upon 246.695 IU/ml may be associated with the persistence or recurrence of DTC.
文摘Background:Drug-coated balloons(DCBs)have emerged as potential alternatives to drug-eluting stents in specific lesion subsets for de novo coronary lesions.Quantitative flow ratio(QFR)is a method based on the three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography and contrast flow velocity during coronary angiography(CAG),obviating the need for an invasive fractional flow reserve procedural.This study aimed to assess the serial angiographic changes of de novo lesions post-DCB therapy and further explore the cut-off values of lesion and vessel QFR,which predict vessel restenosis(diameter stenosis[DS]≥50%)at mid-term follow-up.Methods:The data of patients who underwent DCB therapy between January 2014 and December 2019 from the multicenter hospital were retrospectively collected for QFR analysis.From their QFR performances,which were analyzed by CAG images at follow-up,we divided them into two groups:group A,showing target vessel DS≥50%,and group B,showing target vessel DS<50%.The median follow-up time was 287 days in group A and 227 days in group B.We compared the clinical characteristics,parameters during DCB therapy,and QFR performances,which were analyzed by CAG images between the two groups,in need to explore the cut-off value of lesion/vessel QFR which can predict vessel restenosis.Student's t test was used for the comparison of normally distributed continuous data,Mann-Whitney U test for the comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves for the evaluation of QFR performance which can predict vessel restenosis(DS≥50%)at mid-term follow-up using the area under the curve(AUC).Results:A total of 112 patients with 112 target vessels were enrolled in this study.Group A had 41 patients,while group B had 71.Vessel QFR and lesion QFR were lower in group A than in group B post-DCB therapy,and the cut-off values of lesion QFR and vessel QFR in the ROC analysis to predict target vessel DS≥50%post-DCB therapy were 0.905(AUC,0.741[95%confidence interval,CI:0.645,0.837];sensitivity,0.817;specificity,0.561;P<0.001)and 0.890(AUC,0.796[95%CI:0.709,0.882];sensitivity,0.746;specificity,0.780;P<0.001).Conclusions:The cut-off values of lesion QFR and vessel QFR can assist in predicting the angiographic changes post-DCB therapy.When lesion/vessel QFR values are<0.905/0.890 post-DCB therapy,a higher risk of vessel restenosis is potentially predicted at follow-up.
文摘Background:Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.This study was undertaken to determine the cut-off value of hemoglobin for infant anemia.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out at well-baby clinics of a tertiary care hospital.A total of 1484 healthy infants aged between 4 to 24 months were included in the study.The relationship of hemoglobin(Hb)levels with mother age,birth weight,weight gain rate,feeding,and gender was evaluated.Results:The Hb levels were assessed in four age groups(4 months,6 months,9-12 months,and 15-24 months)and the cut-off values of Hb were determined.Hb cut-off values(5th percentile for age)were detected as 97 g/L and 93 g/L at 4 months and 6 months,respectively.In older infants,the 5th percentile was 90.5 g/L and 93.4 g/L at 9-12 months and 15-24 months,respectively.The two values were lower than the World Health Organization criteria for anemia,which could partly due to the lack of information on iron status in our population.However,this difference highlights the need for further studies on normal Hb levels in healthy infants in developing countries.Hb levels of females were higher in all age groups;however,a statistically significant difference was found in gender in only 6 month-old infants.No statistically significant difference was found among Hb levels,mother's age,birth weight,weight gain rate,and nutritional status.Conclusion:Hb cut-off values in infants should be re-evaluated and be compatible with growth and development of children in that community.
