基于Damper的方向盘抖动问题优化设计

方向盘是顾客使用频次较高的零部件,受发动机等振源影响,在某些工况下方向盘会出现抖动等让顾客感到不适的问题,本文浅析了某车型方向盘高速抖动的原因,在现有方向盘结构上优化设计,增加Damper吸振器,有效解决了方向盘抖动问题,提升了顾客舒适性。

Seismic control of multi-degrees-of-freedom structures by vertical mass isolation method using MR dampers

Vertical mass isolation(VMI)is one of the novel methods for the seismic control of structures.In this method,the entire structure is assumed to consist of two mass and stiffness subsystems,and an isolated layer is located among them.In this study,the magnetorheological damper in three modes:passive-off,passive-on,and semi-active mode with variable voltage between zero and 9 volts was used as an isolated layer between two subsystems.Multi-degrees-of-freedom structures with 5,10,and 15 floors in two dimensions were examined under 11 pairs of near field earthquakes.On each level,the displacement of MR dampers was taken into account.The responses of maximum displacement,maximum inter-story drift,and maximum base shear in controlled and uncontrolled buildings were compared to assess the suggested approach for seismic control of the structures.According to the results,the semi-active control method can reduce the response by more than 12%compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum displacement of the mass subsystem of the structures.This method can reduce more than 16%and 20%of the responses compared to the uncontrolled mode in terms of maximum inter-story drift and base shear of the structure,respectively.

Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Performance of Hermetic Diaphragm Squeeze Film Dampers for Gas-Lubricated Bearings

Low damping characteristics have always been a key sticking points in the development of gas bearings.The application of squeeze film dampers can significantly improve the damping performance of gas lubricated bearings.This paper proposed a novel hermetic diaphragm squeeze film damper(HDSFD)for oil-free turbomachinery supported by gas lubricated bearings.Several types of HDSFDs with symmetrical structure were proposed for good damping performance.By considering the compressibility of the damper fluid,based on hydraulic fluid mechanics theory,a dynamic model of HDSFDs under medium is proposed,which successfully reflects the frequency dependence of force coefficients.Based on the dynamic model,the effects of damper fluid viscosity,bulk modulus of damper fluid,thickness of damper fluid film and plunger thickness on the dynamic stiffness and damping of HDSFDs were analyzed.An experimental test rig was assembled and series of experimental studies on HDSFDs were conducted.The damper fluid transverse flow is added to the existing HDSFD concept,which aims to make the dynamic force coefficients independent of frequency.Although the force coefficient is still frequency dependent,the damping coefficient at high frequency excitation with damper fluid supply twice as that without damper fluid supply.The results serve as a benchmark for the calibration of analytical tools under development.

Vibration attenuation performance of wind turbine tower using a prestressed tuned mass damper under seismic excitation

With the rapid development of large megawatt wind turbines,the operation environment of wind turbine towers(WTTs)has become increasingly complex.In particular,seismic excitation can create a resonance response and cause excessive vibration of the WTT.To investigate the vibration attenuation performance of the WTT under seismic excitations,a novel passive vibration control device,called a prestressed tuned mass damper(PS-TMD),is presented in this study.First,a mathematical model is established based on structural dynamics under seismic excitation.Then,the mathematical analytical expression of the dynamic coefficient is deduced,and the parameter design method is obtained by system tuning optimization.Next,based on a theoretical analysis and parameter design,the numerical results showed that the PS-TMD was able to effectively mitigate the resonance under the harmonic basal acceleration.Finally,the time-history analysis method is used to verify the effectiveness of the traditional pendulum tuned mass damper(PTMD)and the novel PS-TMD device,and the results indicate that the vibration attenuation performance of the PS-TMD is better than the PTMD.In addition,the PS-TMD avoids the nonlinear effect due to the large oscillation angle,and has the potential to dissipate hysteretic energy under seismic excitation.

Development and Application of a Power Law Constitutive Model for Eddy Current Dampers

Eddy current dampers (ECDs) have emerged as highly desirable solutions for vibration control due to theirexceptional damping performance and durability. However, the existing constitutive models present challenges tothe widespread implementation of ECD technology, and there is limited availability of finite element analysis (FEA)software capable of accurately modeling the behavior of ECDs. This study addresses these issues by developing anewconstitutivemodel that is both easily understandable and user-friendly for FEAsoftware. By utilizing numericalresults obtained from electromagnetic FEA, a novel power law constitutive model is proposed to capture thenonlinear behavior of ECDs. The effectiveness of the power law constitutive model is validated throughmechanicalproperty tests and numerical seismic analysis. Furthermore, a detailed description of the application process ofthe power law constitutive model in ANSYS FEA software is provided. To facilitate the preliminary design ofECDs, an analytical derivation of energy dissipation and parameter optimization for ECDs under harmonicmotionis performed. The results demonstrate that the power law constitutive model serves as a viable alternative forconducting dynamic analysis using FEA and optimizing parameters for ECDs.

Parameters Optimization and Performance Evaluation of the Tuned Inerter Damper for the Seismic Protection of Adjacent Building Structures

In order to improve the seismic performance of adjacent buildings,two types of tuned inerter damper(TID)damping systems for adjacent buildings are proposed,which are composed of springs,inerter devices and dampers in serial or in parallel.The dynamic equations of TID adjacent building damping systems were derived,and the H2 norm criterion was used to optimize and adjust them,so that the system had the optimum damping performance under white noise random excitation.Taking TID frequency ratio and damping ratio as optimization parameters,the optimum analytical solutions of the displacement frequency response of the undamped structure under white noise excitation were obtained.The results showed that compared with the classic TMD,TID could obtain a better damping effect in the adjacent buildings.Comparing the TIDs composed of serial or parallel,it was found that the parallel TIDs had more significant advantages in controlling the peak displacement frequency response,while the H2 norm of the displacement frequency response of the damping system under the coupling of serial TID was smaller.Taking the adjacent building composed of two ten-story frame structures as an example,the displacement and energy collection time history analysis of the adjacent building coupled with the optimum design parameter TIDs were carried out.It was found that TID had a better damping effect in the full-time range compared with the classic TMD.This paper also studied the potential power of TID in adjacent buildings,which can be converted into available power resources during earthquakes.

非稳态工况下外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性

为降低航空发动机主轴传动系统的振动,通常将弹性环、挤压油膜阻尼器与圆柱滚子轴承联合使用。基于滚动轴承动力学理论和流体力学控制方程,建立了外圈带有弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的圆柱滚子轴承动力学分析模型,采用GSTIFF预估-校正变步长积分法对动力学微分方程组进行求解,分析转速、冲击载荷以及弹性环结构参数(凸台宽度、凸台数量)对外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架动态特性的影响,结果表明:外圈带有ERSFD的圆柱滚子轴承保持架稳定性高于普通圆柱滚子轴承;转速和冲击载荷对保持架动态特性影响较大,保持架打滑率随着转速的增大而增大,随着轴承所受冲击载荷的增大而减小;过大或过小的弹性环凸台数量与宽度都不利于圆柱滚子轴承保持架的稳定性,需要选择合适的凸台数量和宽度。

Seismic Resilience Analysis of a Concrete-Framed Hospital Building with Viscous Dampers

To study the seismic resilience of a concrete-framed hospital building with viscous dampers,the elastoplastic time history analysis of a three-story concrete-framed hospital building under moderate and rare earthquakes was carried out by finite element analysis software.The structure’s overall response was studied,meanwhile,the seismic resilience of the building was evaluated from three aspects:repair cost,repair time,and casualties.The results show that viscous dampers can effectively reduce the repair cost,repair time,and casualties under earthquakes.Compared with the structure without dampers,the repair cost and repair time of the structure with dampers have been reduced by 67%and 69%respectively under moderate earthquakes,42%and 39%respectively under rare earthquakes,and the seismic resilience grade has been increased from zero to one star.

超高层Tuned Mass Damper防震支撑系统技术研究应用

超高层建筑是现代城市建设的重要标志之一,其高度已经超过了传统建筑的极限。然而,随着建筑高度不断增加,地震的破坏力也越来越强,超高层建筑面临着更加严峻的安全挑战。因此,研究超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术非常重要,Tuned Mass Damper(TMD)是一种被广泛研究和应用的超高层建筑防震支撑系统技术,TMD最初是在20世纪60年代提出的,最早应用于桥梁上,后来,TMD被引入到建筑领域,并得到广泛的应用。通过精确调节质量、阻尼和弹性等参数来削弱地震引起的建筑物减震效应,从而减少了建筑物因地震造成的损害和崩塌的风险.

高速柔性转子-非定心SFD系统响应特征分析与试验验证

航空发动机转子系统通常在支承处设置挤压油膜阻尼器(squeeze film damper,SFD)来实现系统减振设计,与定心SFD相比,非定心SFD结构简单紧凑,减振效果良好,但是具有更强的非线性特征,动力特性更为复杂。以某航空发动机动力涡轮转子为研究对象,建立了多支点高速柔性转子-非定心SFD系统非线性动力学模型,考虑了非定心SFD静偏心的影响,采用数值方法求解转子系统响应,结合系统不平衡响应特征、分岔图、庞家莱截面、频谱等,开展了系统非线性动力学特性研究,并通过了转子试验验证。研究结果表明,非定心SFD油膜间隙较大时,转子系统存在较强的非线性运动,频率成分丰富,减小油膜间隙能够使系统在跨临界后为单周期运动,降低系统的非线性不平衡响应;但过小的油膜间隙将导致转子系统峰值响应和对应的转速显著增大,转子可工作转速范围变小,合理的油膜间隙可以兼顾非线性振动响应和峰值转速较小,实现转子系统在大转速范围内长时间运行。

Application of computational fluid dynamics in design of viscous dampers-CFD modeling and full-scale dynamic testing

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)provides a powerful tool for investigating complicated fluid flows.This paper aims to study the applicability of CFD in the preliminary design of linear and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers.Two fluid viscous dampers were designed based on CFD models.The first device was a linear viscous damper with straight orifices.The second was a nonlinear viscous damper containing a one-way pressure-responsive valve inside its orifices.Both dampers were detailed based on CFD simulations,and their internal fluid flows were investigated.Full-scale specimens of both dampers were manufactured and tested under dynamic loads.According to the tests results,both dampers demonstrate stable cyclic behaviors,and as expected,the nonlinear damper generally tends to dissipate more energy compared to its linear counterpart.Good compatibility was achieved between the experimentally measured damper force-velocity curves and those estimated from CFD analyses.Using a thermography camera,a rise in temperature of the dampers was measured during the tests.It was found that output force of the manufactured devices was virtually independent of temperature even during long duration loadings.Accordingly,temperature dependence can be ignored in CFD models,because a reliable temperature compensator mechanism was used(or intended to be used)by the damper manufacturer.

基于ISFD的滑动轴承转子系统不平衡振动抑制研究

由于高转速和大功率的需要,现有很多转子设备往往是基于滑动轴承设计的,因而由不平衡故障引起的振动成为影响这些设备安全运行的关键因素。为了探究整体式挤压油膜阻尼器(ISFD)对滑动轴承转子系统因不平衡故障产生振动的抑制效果,对安装有ISFD阻尼支承后的转子系统的不平衡振动响应进行了研究。首先,以实验室现有的转子试验台为基础,设计了安装有滑动轴承的ISFD阻尼支承结构,对ISFD的减振机理进行了介绍;然后,运用有限元方法,研究了ISFD弹性体的径向刚度特性;最后,搭建了单跨对称转子试验台,采用试验的方式,研究了该ISFD阻尼支承结构对转子不平衡振动的抑制效果。研究结果表明:在较宽的载荷范围内,ISFD弹性体的位移值与静载荷呈线性关系,具有优良的线性刚度特性;ISFD具有优良的阻尼特性,可以较好地抑制不同转速工况下滑动轴承转子系统的不平衡振动,在1 800 r/min的工况下,转子在x和y方向的振动降幅分别为38.4%和49.4%;ISFD阻尼支承可以有效抑制滑动轴承转子系统不平衡故障导致的工频振动,在1 600 r/min的工况下,转子在x和y方向的工频振动降幅分别为19.5%和29.4%,其减振效果良好。该研究成果可以为ISFD在滑动轴承转子系统中的实际工程应用提供借鉴,具有良好的应用前景。

Variable stiffness tuned particle dampers for vibration control of cantilever boring bars

This research proposes a novel type of variable stiffness tuned particle damper(TPD)for reducing vibrations in boring bars.The TPD integrates the developments of particle damping and dynamical vibration absorber,whose frequency tuning principle is established through an equivalent theoretical model.Based on the multiphase flow theory of gas-solid,it is effective to obtain the equivalent damping and stiffness of the particle damping.The dynamic equations of the coupled system,consisting of a boring bar with the TPD,are built by Hamilton’s principle.The vibration suppression of the TPD is assessed by calculating the amplitude responses of the boring bar both with and without the TPD by the Newmark-beta algorithm.Moreover,an improvement is proposed to the existing gas-solid flow theory,and a comparative analysis of introducing the stiffness term on the damping effect is presented.The parameters of the TPD are optimized by the genetic algorithm,and the results indicate that the optimized TPD effectively reduces the peak response of the boring bar system.

基于GISFD的斜齿轮轴系减振实验研究

齿轮是机械传动装置中的重要元件,但是,齿轮传动产生的振动和噪声会危害到传动设备的正常运行,严重时甚至会造成设备损坏。为了减小和隔离斜齿轮轴系的振动,提出了一种结构新颖的G型整体式挤压油膜阻尼器(G-type Integral Squeeze Film Damper,GISFD),探究了GISFD对斜齿轮的振动特性影响。搭建基于GISFD的一级斜齿轮试验台,开展了GISFD对斜齿轮轴系的减振实验。此外,还进行了GISFD对齿面磨损斜齿轮的振动抑制实验。结果表明,GISFD对不同转速下斜齿轮轴系有较好的减振效果,在1200 r/min时,GISFD对斜齿轮主从动轴的振动降幅最高可以达到59.61%;同时,GISFD可以抑制斜齿轮啮合频率及其2倍频处的振动,振动降幅最高可以达到85.71%;GISFD对磨损斜齿轮也有较好的振动抑制效果,主动轴水平方向振动降幅在1200 r/min时可以达到83.99%。

基于多尺度卷积注意力机制的输电线路防振锤缺陷检测

作为输电线路中的重要金具部件,防振锤的缺陷将对输电线路构成严重威胁。针对由于防振锤缺陷样本数量稀少、背景复杂、区域形状尺寸不一造成的防振锤缺陷识别能力不足的问题,提出一种基于多尺度卷积注意力机制的防振锤缺陷检测方法。首先,通过统计不同缺陷的防振锤尺寸,设计适应不同类别的多尺度卷积注意力机制,使网络重点关注图像中的防振锤区域;其次,引入结构重参数化方法,以将网络中的多分支结构无损失地转换为单分支结构,在提高网络检测性能的同时维持检测速度在较高水平;最后,以渐进式特征金字塔网络结构(AFPN)为基础,融合更多的浅层网络,提高了网络检测防振锤小目标的能力。实际收集的防振锤缺陷数据集实验结果表明,设计的检测方法可显著提升防振锤缺陷检测的性能,检测精度mAP0.5达到了91.9%,在TITAN XP平台下检测速度达60.88帧/s,可为输电线路防振锤智能化巡检提供参考。

近断层脉冲型地震动下调谐黏滞质量阻尼器减震结构易损性分析

选择典型脉冲型近断层地震动记录分别对一安装有调谐黏滞质量阻尼器(tuned viscous mass damper,TVMD)、黏滞阻尼器(viscous damper, VD)和无阻尼器的6层3跨钢框架结构进行增量动力分析,进而基于增量动力分析结果得到3种结构不同损伤状态的易损性曲线。易损性分析结果对比表明:随着惯容单元的引入,减震结构可靠性显著提升;相较于相同阻尼的VD,TVMD可以更有效地提升结构的抗震性能,减小结构在不同损伤状态下的失效概率。随着质量比的增加,TVMD减震结构在不同损伤状态下的失效概率减小,TVMD对结构性能状态的提升不会随非线性的增加而减小,且在结构经历弹性、弹塑性直至倒塌的整个过程中减震控制性能发挥稳定。进一步选取3组不同脉冲周期的近断层地震动记录对三种结构进行时程分析,讨论TVMD在不同脉冲周期近断层地震动下的减震控制效果。结果表明,在近断层脉冲型地震动作用下,TVMD并不都会实现阻尼单元“阻尼增效”,阻尼器的性能发挥与地震动的特性有关。相较于VD,当T_1/T_p≥2时,TVMD可以更好地减少结构能量输入但其能量耗散效率低于VD,不能实现“阻尼增效”;当T_1/T_p <2时,TVMD可以减小结构残余位移,具有更优的减少能量输入和增大能量耗散效率的双重效应,体现了惯容的“阻尼增效”。

基于SSA−LSTM的风速异常波动检测方法

针对传统统计方法对风门开闭导致传感器监测数据异常波动的漏报率和误报率高的问题,通过挖掘风速传感器中时间序列数据中的数据特征,提出了一种基于奇异谱分析法(SSA)与长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)组合的SSA−LSTM风速异常波动检测方法。首先利用SSA对风速传感器监测数据进行预处理,将风速数据分解为趋势分量、周期分量和噪声分量,通过重组趋势分量和噪声分量去除因湍流脉动产生的数据噪声;然后对LSTM进行参数优化,利用优化后的LSTM模型对预处理数据进行预测并得到重构风速;最后以对数概率密度函数计算监测风速与重构风速的异常分数,通过计算训练集数据样本的异常分数设定阈值对监测风速进行异常检测。试验结果表明:SSA去除因湍流脉动产生的数据噪声效果较好,在不影响数据波动情况下去除噪声分量,有助于提高风速重构效果和异常检测准确率;LSTM在无异常波动时能正确重构因湍流脉动导致的小幅波且与实际数据拟合效果较好,在有异常波动时根据历史波动趋势对异常波动段进行重构,可有效提高异常检测的准确率。通过对比分析,所提方法比ARIMA、BP、CNN模型的重构效果更好,异常检测准确率为99.2%,F1-Score为0.97,验证了所提方法的可靠性。表明本文所提方法在检测因风门开闭导致的风速异常波动上具有一定的应用价值。

H∞ Control for Externally Excited Building Structures with Active Mass Damper under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the application of active mass dampers to mitigate the vibrations of building structures subjected to unknown external excitations under controller saturation conditions. By utilizing an H∞ control strategy, the optimal state feedback controller is derived by solving the linear matrix inequality problem for controller saturation. Case studies show that the proposed controller is capable of stabilizing the closed-loop system with good control performance and effectively suppressing vibrations in building structures under unknown external excitation. When compared to controllers that do not consider saturation, the proposed controller requires lower gain and results in reduced energy consumption. The research findings provide valuable insights for addressing real-world building structure control problems, contributing to both theoretical significance and practical applications.

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器的干式装配梁-柱节点抗震性能试验

基于转动摩擦铰阻尼器(RFHD),提出了转动摩擦耗能干式装配梁-柱节点(DRFDBJ)。为了验证DRFDBJ结构对于实现预期力学性能的可行性和合理性,以施加在摩擦片表面的螺栓预紧力(P_(c))为变量,开展了2个工况下的DRFDBJ试件低周往复拟静力试验研究。结果表明:DRFDBJ结构的力学性能主要由RFHD提供并控制,试验中节点呈现了稳定的承载力和理想的变形、耗能能力,并实现了预期的损伤集中;2个不同P_(c)水准下节点承载力的试验值与理论值误差不超过5%,通过调整P_(c)可实现节点承载力的调控,为DRFDBJ结构承载力的可调控提供了支撑。

双目标优化与生成对抗网络结合的框架结构阻尼器布置方案智能设计方法

为实现框架结构的阻尼器智能化布置,结合减震设计原理和智能算法,采用双目标优化算法和生成对抗网络算法分别进行阻尼器竖向和水平智能布置研究,并将该方法应用到两个框架结构减震设计工程案例中。在框架结构减震设计中,采用双目标优化算法进行阻尼器竖向布置,并与逐层逼近法、工程师设计和非减震设计进行对比,结果表明,采用该优化算法得到的阻尼器竖向布置方案能有效降低层间位移角和楼层加速度,提高结构的抗震性能。在确定各楼层的阻尼器数量后,利用训练好的生成对抗网络生成模型,可快速、自动地选择和确定各楼层阻尼器的平面安装位置,生成的平面布置与工程师设计的平面布置在相似性差异度综合评价指标上小于临界值0.1,说明两者相似度较高,且有利于提高原结构的抗扭能力。将双目标优化算法与生成对抗网络相结合,不仅能满足框架结构的减震性能目标,而且可实现阻尼器布置方案的智能设计,提升减震工程设计效率。