Government Data Openness and Coverage. How do They Affect Trust in European Countries?

Purpose: This paper aims to assess if the extent of openness and the coverage of data sets released by European governments have a significant impact on citizen trust in public institutions.Design/methodology/approach: Data for openness and coverage have been collected from the Open Data Inventory 2018(ODIN), by Open Data Watch;institutional trust is built up as a formative construct based on the European Social Survey(ESS), Round 9. The relations between the open government data features and trust have been tested on the basis of structural equation modelling(SEM).Findings: The paper reveals that as European governments improve data openness, disaggregation, and time coverage, people tend to trust them more. However, the size of the effect is still small and, comparatively, data coverage effect on citizens' confidence is more than twice than the impact of openness.Research limitations: This paper analyzes the causal effect of Open Government Data(OGD) features captured in a certain moment of time. In upcoming years, as OGD is implemented and a more consistent effect on people is expected, time series analysis will provide with a deeper insight.Practical implications: Public officers should continue working in the development of a technological framework that contributes to make OGD truly open. They should improve the added value of the increasing amount of open data currently available in order to boost internal and external innovations valuable both for public agencies and citizens.Originality/value: In a field of knowledge with little quantitative empirical evidence, this paper provides updated support for the positive effect of OGD strategies and it also points out areas of improvement in terms of the value that citizens can get from OGD coverage and openness.

LSTM-based lane change prediction using Waymo open motion dataset: The role of vehicle operating space

Lane change prediction is critical for crash avoidance but challenging as it requires the understanding of the instantaneous driving environment.With cutting-edge artificial intelligence and sensing technologies,autonomous vehicles(AVs)are expected to have exceptional perception systems to capture instantaneously their driving environments for predicting lane changes.By exploring the Waymo open motion dataset,this study proposes a framework to explore autonomous driving data and investigate lane change behaviors.In the framework,this study develops a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)model to predict lane changing behaviors.The concept of Vehicle Operating Space(VOS)is introduced to quantify a vehicle's instantaneous driving environment as an important indicator used to predict vehicle lane changes.To examine the robustness of the model,a series of sensitivity analysis are conducted by varying the feature selection,prediction horizon,and training data balancing ratios.The test results show that including VOS into modeling can speed up the loss decay in the training process and lead to higher accuracy and recall for predicting lane-change behaviors.This study offers an example along with a methodological framework for transportation researchers to use emerging autonomous driving data to investigate driving behaviors and traffic environments.

HiLog:OpenHarmony的高性能日志系统

日志是计算机系统中记录事件状态信息的的重要载体,日志系统负责计算机系统的日志生成、收集和输出.OpenHarmony是新兴的、面向全设备、全场景的开源操作系统.在所述工作之前,包括日志系统在内OpenHarmony有许多关键子系统尚未构建,而OpenHarmony的开源特性使第三方开发者可以为其贡献核心代码.为了解决Open Harmony日志系统缺乏的问题,主要开展如下工作:(1)分析当今主流日志系统的技术架构和优缺点;(2)基于OpenHarmony操作系统的异构设备互联特性设计HiLog日志系统模型规范;(3)设计并实现第1个面向OpenHarmony的日志系统HiLog,并贡献到OpenHarmony主线;(4)对HiLog日志系统的关键指标进行测试和对比试验.实验数据表明,在基础性能方面,HiLog和Log的日志写入阶段吞吐量分别为1500 KB/s和700 KB/s,相比Android日志系统吞吐量提升114%;在日志持久化方面,HiLog可以3.5%的压缩率进行持久化,并且丢包率小于6‰,远低于Log.此外,HiLog还具备数据安全、流量控制等新型实用能力.

基于OpenFDA数据库的沙库巴曲缬沙坦不良事件报告信号挖掘与分析

目的促进临床安全使用沙库巴曲缬沙坦。方法检索美国食品和药物管理局公共数据开放项目(OpenFDA)2015年7月7日至2023年8月2日沙库巴曲缬沙坦药品不良事件(ADE)报告,采用报告比值比(ROR)法进行风险信号挖掘,并以监管活动医学词典的系统器官分类(SOC)法进行统计与分析。结果共检索到相关ADE报告97574例,发生群体男性较多;老年患者发生比例较高;上报国家以美国最多;一般和严重ADE分别占51.55%和48.45%;明确记录转归情况的报告中,25.68%的患者出现死亡,23.11%的患者未恢复。共挖掘出70个阳性信号,涉及15个SOC,全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应的信号数量最多(16个),精神疾病、耳及迷路疾病2个SOC及31个风险信号未被药品说明书收录。结论沙库巴曲缬沙坦常见ADE信号与药品说明书基本一致,但还应关注药品说明书中未收录的风险,如肺水肿、胸痛、胸部不适,射血分数下降等,以进一步保证患者的用药安全。

OpenAIRE关联开放数据研究

文章对OpenAIRE关联开放数据从数据模型、词汇表的选择和创建、数据映射、LOD的批量生成、数据的链接、对外开放查询进行了详细的分析,为我国分散的机构知识库、学术平台、期刊平台等数据的语义化整合、数据互操作和开放获取提供了一种新的方法与思路。但是目前OpenAIRE关联开放数据的实现仍然存在许多问题和挑战:URIs不够稳定;OpenAIRE LOD的数据生成过程是人工实施的;主要是通过URI访问,数据链接的质量有待提高。建议在OpenAIRE关联开放数据的实现过程中进一步增强数据稳定性、实施数据自动转换方法、开展多路径查询方式、加强数据质量控制与评估。

Bolzano Traffic: An Example of Open ITS Deployment for Advanced Traveller Information Services

This paper aims to present the experience gathered in the Italian alpine city of Bolzano within the project“Bolzano Traffic”whose goal is the introduction of an experimental open ITS platform for local service providers,fostering the diffusion of advanced traveller information services and the future deployment of cooperative mobility systems in the region.Several end-users applications targeted to the needs of different user groups have been developed in collaboration with local companies and research centers;a partnership with the EU Co-Cities project has been activated as well.The implemented services rely on real-time travel and traffic information collected by urban traffic monitoring systems or published by local stakeholders(e.g.public transportation operators).An active involvement of end-users,who have recently started testing these demo applications for free,is actually on-going.

“开放数据”(Open Data)的基本逻辑——以NYC Open Data为样本

为了加强政府的责任和响应能力,提高公共机构的运作水平和相互之间的协同效率,回应公众对公共数据的需求,创造新的经济机会,一些政府以立法的形式,正在运用最新的大数据技术建设开放数据系统。系统所体现的知识开放性的科学规范尊重,建设者缜密的计划,公开而严格的技术标准,以及高度的开放性和互动性,给我们提供了极佳的启示。

政府信息公开对地理信息资源开发利用的影响——基于NYC open data计划的案例研究

公开政府数据已经成为政府信息公开的新趋势,而随着各国政府数据公开计划的推进与实施,相关信息资源的深度利用越发受到关注,由此所催生的相关产业的发展前景也被普遍看好。本文以纽约市政府数据公开计划为例,利用案例研究的方法,探究政府信息公开对于地理信息资源开发利用的影响。研究结果表明:随着政府所掌握的地理信息资源的公开,地理信息资源产品将向着功能多样、有效程度高的方向发展,用户将获得更好的使用体验,进而推动地理信息资源产业的发展;同时,政府信息公开所带来的地理信息资源开发利用的深化,将加快智慧城市的建设步伐。

Open Data Services和Socket的应用研究——数据库服务器与应用程序间网络通信接口模块的设计

在数据库应用系统开发时常遇到的问题是如何合理的设计外部进程访问数据库的时间控制方案,在满足设计要求的响应时间的前提下,把握好系统与网络负载同系统事务响应处理速度之间的平衡关系。但在实际开发过程中对于某些类型数据的响应处理缺乏有效率的解决途径。此类数据采用通常的处理方式往往不能较好地得到解决。基于此,开发了1种由ODSAPI和Socket编程的数据库ESP扩展方法,由应用系统主动查询方式变为数据库系统主动通知或推送的方式,从而提供了1种高效率的解决方案。

基于Open Linked Data的中西医关联发现云平台

提出了一个用于中西医关联发现的云平台—BioTCM Cloud。该平台是构建在大量的开放链接数据(Linked Data)的基础上,以及跨领域知识整合的需要。面对海量的链接数据,提出了基于MapReduce框架的分布式语义推理框架,用于解决基于领域规则的知识推理问题。以中医草药为案例,分布式语义推埋可以建立中医药和西医之间的关联,以促进中西医之间的沟通和数据共享。

开放关联数据赋能书目数据的实践指南--评Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data(LODE-BD)3.0

[目的/意义]评价Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data(LODE-BD)3.0一书在开放关联数据赋能书目数据方面做出的学术贡献,帮助读者掌握开放关联数据的应用技能。[方法/过程]阐述开放关联数据应用指南的编撰目的,理解LODE-BD的实践建议,思考如何将书目数据表示为开放关联数据,帮助用户开放获取相关的书目资源,实现书目资源的互联互通。[结果/结论]该书是一本成熟的,关于如何选择合适编码策略来生成开放关联数据赋能的书目数据的操作指南,具有丰富的理论价值、方法指导与实践意义。

Why Open Government Data? The Case of a Swedish Municipality

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study is to provide modern local governments with potential use cases for their open data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making. The concrete context was that of the Vaxjo municipality located in southeastern Sweden.Design/methodology/approach: The methodology was two-fold: 1) a survey of potential end users(n=151) from a local university;and, 2) analysis of survey results using a theoretical model regarding local strategies for implementing open government data.Findings: Most datasets predicted to be useful were on: sustainability and environment;preschool and school;municipality and politics. The use context given is primarily research and development, informing policies and decision making;but also education, informing personal choices, informing citizens and creating services based on open data. Not the least, the need for educating target user groups on data literacy emerged. A tentative pattern comprising a technical perspective on open data and a social perspective on open government was identified. Research limitations: In line with available funding, the nature of the study was exploratory and implemented as an anonymous web-based survey of employees and students at the local university. Further research involving(qualitative) surveys with all stakeholders would allow for creating a more complete picture of the matter. Practical implications: The study determines potential use cases and use contexts for open government data, in order to help inform related future policies and decision-making.Originality/value: Modern local governments, and especially in Sweden, are faced with a challenge of how to make their data open, how to learn about which types of data will be most relevant for their end users and what will be different societal purposes. The paper contributes to knowledge that modern local governments can resort to when it comes to attitudes of local citizens to open government data in the context of an open government data perspective.

FAIR + FIT: Guiding Principles and Functional Metrics for Linked Open Data(LOD) KOS Products

Purpose:To develop a set of metrics and identify criteria for assessing the functionality of LOD KOS products while providing common guiding principles that can be used by LOD KOS producers and users to maximize the functions and usages of LOD KOS products.Design/methodology/approach:Data collection and analysis were conducted at three time periods in 2015–16,2017 and 2019.The sample data used in the comprehensive data analysis comprises all datasets tagged as types of KOS in the Datahub and extracted through their respective SPARQL endpoints.A comparative study of the LOD KOS collected from terminology services Linked Open Vocabularies(LOV)and BioPortal was also performed.Findings:The study proposes a set of Functional,Impactful and Transformable(FIT)metrics for LOD KOS as value vocabularies.The FAIR principles,with additional recommendations,are presented for LOD KOS as open data.Research limitations:The metrics need to be further tested and aligned with the best practices and international standards of both open data and various types of KOS.Practical implications:Assessment performed with FAIR and FIT metrics support the creation and delivery of user-friendly,discoverable and interoperable LOD KOS datasets which can be used for innovative applications,act as a knowledge base,become a foundation of semantic analysis and entity extractions and enhance research in science and the humanities.Originality/value:Our research provides best practice guidelines for LOD KOS as value vocabularies.

Research on the Opening of Adverse Drug Reaction Data in the EU

Systematically analyze the composition of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data and the open mode in the EU, and summarize its characteristics. EU post-marketing ADR data is open to six categories of stakeholders: EMA, EC, medicines regulatory authorities in EEA member states, healthcare professionals and the public, Marketing Authorization Holders, academia, WHO and medicines regulatory authorities in third countries. The EU has implemented hierarchical opening for ADRs, with different levels containing different data and facing different stakeholders. Openness is divided into active and passive openness. In opening up data, the EU complies with relevant personal data protection laws to protect the privacy of individuals. The EU’s post-marketing adverse drug reaction data openness is characterized by a combination of data openness and privacy protection, active and passive openness, and a hierarchy of data openness. It is hoped that this can provide a reference for the opening up of post-marketing adverse drug reaction data in China.

基于openFDA对罗莫珠单抗不良反应风险信号的挖掘与分析

目的对新型抗骨质疏松药物罗莫珠单抗相关不良反应进行分析及风险信号挖掘,为临床用药安全性提供参考依据。方法借助美国食品药品监督管理局公共数据开放项目,调取2014年1月1日-2022年9月10日美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统收到的罗莫珠单抗的不良事件报告,应用国际医学用语词典v24.0的首选系统器官分类和首选术语对不良事件进行分类。采用报告比值比法,对报告数排名前50位的不良事件进行不良反应信号挖掘。结果检索出不良事件报告共11118925份,其中与罗莫珠单抗相关的报告为4375份,报告主要来自日本和美国,患者75.5%为女性,患者年龄主要分布于60~89岁。在报告数排名前50的不良事件中,共检测出32个阳性信号,包括代谢及营养类疾病3个,各类检查2个,各类损伤、中毒及操作并发症1个,各种手术及医疗操作1个,肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病9个,泌尿及肾脏系统疾病1个,全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应8个,神经系统疾病2个及心脏器官疾病5个。其中,肾脏损害为说明书未提及的不良反应。结论临床应关注罗莫珠单抗潜在的不良反应,尤其警惕其相关心血管不良事件、过敏或超敏反应、低钙血症、下颌骨坏死、非典型性股骨骨折及肾脏损害。对于说明书未提及的罗莫珠单抗相关肾脏损害,应给予足够重视及进一步的探究。

Research on the Evaluation of Urban Open Data

Urban open data is the key to the construction of smart city. Through the research on evaluation of urban open data, the concept, types, characteristics and other basic problems of urban open data are systematically summarized. From perspective of “quality”, “opening” and “acquisition”, a complete urban open data evaluation framework and index system is built. And the corresponding weights of evaluation indexes and score and overall rating methods are determined, so as to objectively evaluate the conditions of urban open data, and describe, monitor, guide and promote the construction and development of urban open data.

New application of open source data and Rock Engineering System for debris flow susceptibility analysis

This research describes a quantitative,rapid,and low-cost methodology for debris flow susceptibility evaluation at the basin scale using open-access data and geodatabases.The proposed approach can aid decision makers in land management and territorial planning,by first screening for areas with a higher debris flow susceptibility.Five environmental predisposing factors,namely,bedrock lithology,fracture network,quaternary deposits,slope inclination,and hydrographic network,were selected as independent parameters and their mutual interactions were described and quantified using the Rock Engineering System(RES)methodology.For each parameter,specific indexes were proposed,aiming to provide a final synthetic and representative index of debris flow susceptibility at the basin scale.The methodology was tested in four basins located in the Upper Susa Valley(NW Italian Alps)where debris flow events are the predominant natural hazard.The proposed matrix can represent a useful standardized tool,universally applicable,since it is independent of type and characteristic of the basin.

Public Communication in the Processes of Transparency and Accountability in the Era of Open Data

In recent years, transparency and accountability seem to find new impulse, with the development of ICT （information and communication technology） and the prospective of open data that invest the public system at a national and supranational level. Public institutions tend to make available to the public, more data and information concerning the administration, the manner of use of public goods and resources. At the same time, each institution is called upon to deal with the demand of transparency and participation by citizens who increasingly use Internet 2.0 and social media. After a reflection on how public administrations acted in the phase of Web 1.0 to practice transparency and accountability in terms of communication, this paper considers the elements of continuity and the new opportunities linked to the advent of Web 2.0 and open data. At the end of this analysis, the focus is on the strengths and weaknesses of this process, with a particular attention to the role of the public communication.

Open Source Initiatives for Big Data Governance and Security:A Survey

With the rapid development of lnternet technology, the volume of data has increased exponentially. As the large amounts of data are no longer easy to be managed and secured by the owners, big data security and privacy has become a hot issue. One of the most popular research fields for solving the data security and data privacy is within the scope of big data governance and security, In this paper, we introduce the basic concepts of data governance and security. Then, all the state-of-the-art open source frameworks for data governance and security, including Apache Falcon, Apache Atlas, Apache Ranger, Apache Sentry and Kerberos, are detailed and discussed with descriptions of their implementation principles and possible applications.

数据要素在医疗健康领域的内涵、价值与应用

十七部门联合发布的《“数据要素×”三年行动计划(2024—2026年)》引发了社会的广泛关注。本文首先探讨医疗健康领域数据要素的本质、分类及其重要性。在此基础上,提出促进医疗健康数据融合创新的关键策略,包括通过技术赋能医疗健康数据的采集,推动医疗健康数据的整合与标准化工作,促进医疗健康数据的开放和共享,以及加强对医疗健康数据的安全保护。