Risk Factors for Birth Defects: A Conditional LogisticRegression Analysis of a Case-Control Study in Guang-dong Province of China

Information was obtained from the same questionnaire (23 risk factors listed) of cases and controls. We used a multivariate logistic model, which described variables significantly increased risk of birth defects. The risk factors included maternal educational levels, medicine taken during pregnancy and antenatal care. It was suggested to strengthen antenatal care was the main preventive measure against birth defects.

Chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor microspheres repair facial nerve defects

Microspheres containing nerve growth factor for sustained release were prepared by a compound method, and implanted into chitosan conduits to repair 10-mm defects on the right buccal branches of the facial nerve in rabbits. In addition, chitosan conduits combined with nerve growth factor or normal saline, as well as autologous nerve, were used as controls. At 90 days post-surgery, the muscular atrophy on the right upper lip was more evident in the nerve growth factor and normal sa- line groups than in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups. Electro- physiological analysis revealed that the nerve conduction velocity and amplitude were significantly higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. Moreover, histological observation illustrated that the di- ameter, number, alignment and myelin sheath thickness of myelinated nerves derived from rabbits were higher in the nerve growth factor-microspheres and autologous nerve groups than in the nerve growth factor and normal saline groups. These findings indicate that chitosan nerve conduits com- bined with microspheres for sustained release of nerve growth factor can significantly improve facial nerve defect repair in rabbits.

An epidemiologic study of mitochondrial membrane transporter protein gene polymorphism and risk factors for neural tube defects in Shanxi, China

The present study involved a questionnaire survey of 156 mothers that gave birth to children with neural tube defects or had a history of pregnancy resulting in children with neural tube defects （case group） and 156 control mothers with concurrent healthy children （control group） as well as detection of mitochondrial membrane transporter protein gene [uncoupling protein 2 （UCP2）] polymorphism. The maternal UCP2 3＇ untranslated region （UTR） D/D genotype and D allele frequency were significantly higher in the case group compared with the control group （odds ratio （OR） 3.233; 95% confidence interval （C/） 1.103 9.476; P= 0.040; OR： 3.484; 95% CI： for neural tube defects 2.109 5.753; P 〈 0.001）. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for neural tube defects showed that a matemal UCP2 3＇ UTR D/D genotype was negatively interacted with the mothers＇ consumption of frequent fresh fruit and vegetables （S = 0.007）, positively interacted with the mothers＇ frequency of germinated potato consumption （S = 2.15） and positively interacted with the mothers＇ body mass index （S = 3.50）. These findings suggest that maternal UCP2 3＇ UTR gene polymorphism, pregnancy time, consumption of germinated potatoes and body mass index are associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects in children from mothers living in Shanxi province, China. Moreover, there is an apparent gene-environment interaction involved in the development of neural tube defects in offspring.

外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进大鼠创面愈合的机制

背景:深入揭示外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进创面愈合的分子机制。目的:探讨外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠创面修复中巨噬细胞表型转换和肉芽再生的影响。方法:(1)体外细胞实验:分为正常对照组、低剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组、高剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组以及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+丙戊酸组,其中低、高剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组细胞培养基中分别添加100,200μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+丙戊酸组细胞培养基中添加200μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和20 mmol/L Notch1/Jagged1激动剂丙戊酸。通过EdU实验、划痕实验、小管生成实验检测碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖、迁移和血管新生的影响。(2)体内动物实验:SD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为模型组、低剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组、高剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组以及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+丙戊酸组,构建大鼠全层皮肤缺损开放性创面模型,其中低、高剂量碱性成纤维细胞生长因子组皮下注射100,200μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子+丙戊酸组大鼠皮下注射200μg/L碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的同时腹腔注射10 mg/kg丙戊酸。给药7,14 d检测大鼠创面的愈合率;TUNEL检测创面组织中的细胞凋亡情况;酶联免疫吸附实验检测大鼠血清中丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素10水平;免疫荧光检测创面组织中巨噬细胞的表型转换情况;免疫组化检测创面组织中增殖细胞核抗原、CD31和血管内皮生长因子的表达;Western blot法检测创面组织中Notch1、Jagged1的表达。结果与结论:(1)与正常对照组相比,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显促进人脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖、迁移和血管新生,并且具有剂量依赖性;(2)与模型组相比,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显促进创面的愈合,下调创面组织中的细胞凋亡率;降低大鼠血清中丙二醛和肿瘤坏死因子α水平,升高超氧化物歧化酶和白细胞介素10水平;促使创面组织中巨噬细胞向M2型转换,上调创面组织中增殖细胞核抗原、CD31和血管内皮生长因子的表达;抑制创面组织中Notch1、Jagged1的表达,并且均具有剂量依赖性。丙戊酸可部分逆转碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对创面愈合的促进作用。结果表明,碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能明显促进创面愈合与肉芽再生以及诱导巨噬细胞向M2型转换,这可能与调控Notch1/Jagged1信号有关。

基于局部离群因子与隔离森林的激光超声缺陷检测

针对激光超声(LU)缺陷检测中最大振幅图存在伪像的问题,结合主成分分析(PCA)和两种无监督的机器学习算法局部离群因子(LOF)与隔离森林(IF),以实现对LU数据的无监督异常检测。首先,利用PCA算法对LU数据进行降维处理,减轻了LU数据的复杂度;其次,利用LOF算法和IF算法进行了数据异常值的识别分析,并利用累积分布函数和核密度估计确定异常值的阈值大小;最后,对比了LOF算法、IF算法以及最大振幅图的检测结果。结果表明:LOF算法有更优的缺陷识别精度和更低的误判率。

Spatiotemporal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor protein during neural tube development in embryos with neural tube defects

Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor(LIFR),as a neuroregulatory cytokine receptor,generally shows a neuroprotective effect in central nervous system injuries.In this study,to understand the effect of LIFR on pathogenesis of neural tube defects,we explored spatiotemporal expression of LIFR at different stages of fetal development in normal and neural tube defect embryos.Spina bifida aperta was induced with all-trans retinoic acid on embryonic day 10 in rats,and the spatiotemporal expression of LIFR was investigated in spina bifida aperta rats and healthy rats from embryonic day 11 to 17.Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of LIFR in healthy control and neural tube defect embryos.Results of the animal experiment demonstrated that expression of LIFR protein and mRNA in the spinal cords of normal rat embryos increased with embryonic development.LIFR was significantly downregulated in the spinal cords of spina bifida aperta rats compared with healthy rats from embryonic days 11 to 17.Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of LIFR in placenta and spinal cord in spina bifida aperta rat embryos was decreased compared with that in control embryos at embryonic day 15.Results from human embryo specimens showed that LIFR mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in spinal cords of human fetuses with neural tube defects compared with normal controls at a gestational age of 24 to 33 weeks.The results were consistent with the down-regulation of LIFR in the animal experiments.Our study revealed spatiotemporal changes in expression of LIFR during embryonic neurulation.Thus,LIFR might play a specific role in neural tube development.All animal and human experimental procedures were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University,China(approval No.2016PS106K)on February 25,2016.

Effect of Exposure to Trace Elements in the Soil on the Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects in a High-Risk Area of China

Objective Our objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects. Methods We built a function with different parameters to describe the effects of trace elements on neural tube defects. The association between neural tube defects and trace element levels was transformed into an optimization problem using the maximum likelihood method. Results Tin, lead, nickel, iron, copper, and aluminum had typical layered effects （dosage effects） on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Arsenic, selenium, zinc, strontium, and vanadium had no effect, and molybdenum had one threshold value that affected the prevalence of birth defects. Conclusion As an exploratory research work, our model can be used to determine the direction of the effect of the trace element content of cultivated soil on the risk of neural tube defects, which shows the clues by the dosage effect of their toxicological characteristics. Based on our findings, future biogeochemical research should focus on the direct effects of trace elements on human health.

Thermoelastic analysis of multiple defects with the extended finite element method

In this paper, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is adopted to analyze the interaction between a single macroscopic inclusion and a single macroscopic crack as well as that between multiple macroscopic or microscopic defects under thermal/mechanical load. The effects of different shapes of multiple inclusions on the material thermomechanical response are investigated, and the level set method is coupled with XFEM to analyze the interaction of multiple defects. Further, the discretized extended finite element approximations in relation to thermoelastic problems of multiple defects under displacement or temperature field are given. Also, the interfaces of cracks or materials are represented by level set functions, which allow the mesh assignment not to conform to crack or material interfaces. Moreover, stress intensity factors of cracks are obtained by the interaction integral method or the M-integral method, and the stress/strain/stiffness fields are simulated in the case of multiple cracks or multiple inclusions. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of our proposed method.

Missense mutations in CSX/NKX_(2.5)are associated with atrial septal defects

Objective ：To study the gene mutations of homeobox transcription factor （CSX/NKX2.5） associated with a Chinese family with secundum atrial septal defect （ASD）. Methods ：Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to check all the members in the family with ASD, and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis （SSCP） was used to check 126 normal control people for detecting the mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene. Results： Three mutations, G270A（Glu32Lys ）, G378A （Glu68Lys）andG390A （Glu72Lys）were identified in CSX/NKX2.5 gene of ASD patients. However, the other members in the family with ASD and the control did not have such gene mutations. Conclusion：These mutations of CSX/NKX2.5 gene, which were identified in a Chinese family, may be one of the secundum ASD etiologic causes .

组织工程技术修复颞下颌关节:问题与挑战

背景:颞下颌关节疾病的传统疗法受限于疾病严重程度和个体差异。相比之下,组织工程作为一种新兴治疗方法,可以根据患者具体情况定制个性化治疗方案,减少手术过程中的不确定性,提高治疗效果。目的:综述组织工程修复颞下颌关节的最新研究成果和进展。方法:以“颞下颌关节,组织工程,种子细胞,支架,生长因子,动物模型”为中文检索词,以“temporomandibular joint,tissue engineering,seed cell,scaffold,growth factor,animal model”为英文检索词,分别在PubMed数据库和中国知网进行文献检索,检索时限为各数据库建库时间至2024年3月。通过分析和阅读文献进行筛选,按照排除筛选标准纳入文献,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)随着生物学、材料学与工程学等技术的发展,颞下颌关节组织工程己取得较大进展,例如种子细胞的筛选、新型支架的开发、生长因子作用机制的探索、多种动物模型的构建等,目前大多数研究尚处于体外实验阶段,动物实验等体内研究尚未大规模开展,组织工程修复颞下颌关节的临床应用还需更多证据支持。(2)尽管颞下颌关节组织工程研究仍存在许多问题和挑战等待解决,依然展现出广阔的临床应用前景,有望在将来成为颞下颌关节疾病出色高效的治疗方式。

Chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor promotes sciatic nerve repair

A chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft can reduce postoperative immune rejection, similar to an autologous nerve graft, and can guide neural regeneration. However, it remains poorly understood whether a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with neurotrophic factors provides a good local environment for neural regeneration. This study investigated the repair of injured rat sciatic nerve using a chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve graft combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor. An autologous nerve anastomosis group and a chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group were prepared as controls. At 8 weeks after repair, sciatic functional index, evoked potential amplitude of the soleus muscle, triceps wet weight recovery rate, total number of myelinated nerve fibers and myelin sheath thickness were measured. For these indices, values in the three groups showed the autologous nerve anastomosis group 〉 chemically extracted acellular nerve graft ＋ ciliary neurotrophic factor group 〉 chemical acellular allogeneic nerve bridging group. These results suggest that chemically extracted acellular nerve grafts combined with ciliary neurotrophic factor can repair sciatic nerve defects, and that this repair is inferior to autologous nerve anastomosis, but superior to chemically extracted acellular allogeneic nerve bridging alone.

基于拉丁超立方抽样的高大模板支撑体系承载力有限元分析

目的研究不同缺陷构配件下高大模板支撑体系承载性能的变化,为高大模板支撑体系的布置、构配件的搭配及使用提供指导,以预防和减少其在实际工程中的坍塌事故。方法基于拉丁超立方抽样,考虑构配件缺陷对三种搭设参数模板支撑体系承载性能的影响,随机取线性屈曲分析中一阶屈曲承载力的0.1%~0.2%作为假想水平力,对构配件性能缺陷进行有限元分析,探究不同搭设参数下支撑体系承载力及失稳模式。结果SPR对承载力的影响大于D和t,并且双因素耦合对承载力的影响大于单因素。立杆步距的变化对支撑体系承载力的影响大于立杆间距。随着影响因素耦合数量的增加,步距对支撑体系承载性能的影响也会随之增大。结论支撑体系搭设过程中将存在缺陷的构配件使用时分散排布,可以防止高大模板支撑体系整体失稳倒塌。

晚期青光眼患者视野缺损程度影响因素分析

目的探讨晚期青光眼患者视野缺损程度的影响因素。方法选择2019年1月至2023年1月在新乡医学院第一附属医院就诊的晚期青光眼患者206例(206眼)为研究对象,回顾性分析患者的临床和随访资料,依据其视野缺损程度分为颞侧视岛组(n=134)和管状视野组(n=72),采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析晚期青光眼患者视野缺损程度的危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,患者是否合并高度近视眼、青光眼类型、随访眼压峰值、随访眼压平均值、用药种类、累计用药种类与晚期青光眼视野缺损程度有关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,合并高度近视眼、慢性原发性闭角型青光眼(CPACG)、随访眼压峰值≥21 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)为晚期青光眼患者视野缺损程度的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论晚期青光眼患者颞侧视岛的发生率较高,应对高度近视眼、CPACG、随访眼压峰值≥21 mmHg的患者加强眼压监控及相关眼健康教育,以改善视野缺损程度。

CORRELATION OF vWF： Ag LEVELS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS

vWF: Ag is an important factor reflecting the injury of pulmonary vascular endothelium. We measured plasma concentrations of vWF: Ag in 89 patients with congenital heart defects (left to right shunting) by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis and assessed endothelial vWF: Ag directly by an immunoperoxidase stain applied io lung biopsy tissue in 10 patients. The patients with pulmonary hypertension had significanthigher vWF: Ag levels, the elevation was associated with the elevation of PVR (P<0.01). The vWF: Ag levels varied directly with PVR and PAR (r=0.89, 0.82, P<0.05).The regression equations of vWF: Ag-PVR. vWF: Ag-PAR we made cam help us to estimate PVR noninvasiverly. Our study will provide us a theoretical basis to choose an appropriate occasion for corrective suryery.

Retinoic acid induction of genes associated with neural tube developmental defects

To date, little information has been available regarding genes involved in the regulation of embryonic cell development, which participate in retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects in mice. Previous studies have revealed seven differentially expressed genes involved in neural tube developmental defects. However, gene expression and regulation is a complex process. Therefore, gene expression differences between normal and defective neural tubes at 9.5 and 10.5 days were compared. A total of eight differentially expressed genes exhibited coincident alterations at embryonic 9.5 and 10.5 days. In mice with retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects, NeK7, IGFBP5 ZW10, Csf3r, PSMC6, Cdk5, and Rbl expressions were downregulated, but Apoa-4 expression was upregulated. These results were confirmed by Northern blot hybridization. Results suggested that NeK7, IGFBP5, ZW10, Csf3r, PSMC6, Cdk5, Rb1, and Apoa-4 are important regulatory factors involved in neural tube defects.

基于多模态超声建构胎儿先天性心脏病决策树模型及其应用价值

目的:分析基于多模态超声建构胎儿先天性心脏病决策树模型及其应用价值。方法:随机选取2021年4月-2023年7月在本院产前超声检查孕中期孕妇300例,常规产科超声检查确定胎儿生长程度,核实孕周,采用超声多断面模式方法对胎儿心脏进行多断面检测,包括四腔心断面、三血管断面、主动脉弓断面、左室流出道断面、右室流出道断面。对正常分娩的新生儿进行心脏多断面超声检测。对300例胎儿进行多断面模式超声检测,分析胎儿是否伴有先天性心脏畸形,对比超声检查与随访结果符合情况。结果:超声检出21例先天性心脏畸形胎儿,8例选择引产,余13例正常分娩。超声诊断与随访结果对比,卵圆孔直径增大、法洛四联症、完全型心内膜垫缺损、二尖瓣闭锁、右室发育不良综合征、左室发育不良综合征、大动脉转位、永存动脉干、单心室、三尖瓣下移符合率均为100%,超声诊断室间隔缺损7例,随访发现室间隔诊断5例,诊断符合率71.4%。279例超声诊断无先天性心脏畸形胎儿出生后经超声诊断发现有1例卵圆孔未闭、3例室间隔缺损,共4例漏诊患儿,漏诊率0.54%。四腔心断面、三血管断面、主动脉弓断面、左室流出道断面、右室流出道断面诊断胎儿畸形率分别为3.95%、0.63%、2.76%、3.27%、3.25%。由决策树模型可得,产前超声检查发现胎儿心脏可疑异常、高龄孕妇、孕妇接受药物治疗或射线暴露、孕妇有先天性心脏病家族史是胎儿存在先天性心脏病的独立危险因素,其中产前超声检查发现胎儿心脏可疑异常的影响最为显著。结论:孕中期胎儿产前超声多断面模式筛查胎儿先天性心脏病,能够对多数胎儿先天性心脏病进行诊断。

Design of low-pass filter based on a novel defected ground structure

A novel defected ground structure （DGS） for the microstrip line is proposed in this paper. The DGS lattice has more defect parameters so that it can provide better performance than the conventional dumbbell-shaped DGS. Selectivity is improved by 97.2% with a sharpness factor of 24.6%. The method is applied to the design of a low-pass filter to confirm validity of the proposed DGS.

外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后继发癫痫的相关影响因素

目的探究外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后继发癫痫的相关影响因素。方法选取2017年1月至2021年12月收治的88例接受颅骨缺损修补术的患者为研究对象,根据是否继发癫痫将其分为癫痫组(25例)和非癫痫组(63例)。收集两组的一般资料并进行单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析,以确定外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后继发癫痫的相关影响因素。结果两组的修补手术时距外伤时间>6个月、术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、术中悬吊、术后正规使用抗癫痫预防用药、脑灰质软化灶情况比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,修补手术时距外伤时间>6个月、术前GCS评分、术中悬吊、术后正规使用抗癫痫预防用药、脑灰质软化灶均为外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后继发癫痫的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论外伤性颅骨缺损修补术后继发癫痫的相关影响因素包括修补手术时距外伤时间>6个月、术前GCS评分、术中悬吊、术后正规使用抗癫痫预防用药、脑灰质软化灶;术前科学合理的GCS评分,开展正规抗癫痫治疗、做好手术处理能够有效降低癫痫发生的可能。

Cell cycle-related genes p57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects

In the field of developmental neurobiology, accurate and ordered regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis are crucial factors contributing to the normal formation of the neural tube. Preliminary studies identified several genes involved in the development of neural tube defects. In this study, we established a model of developmental neural tube defects by administration of retinoic acid to pregnant rats. Gene chip hybridization analysis showed that genes related to the cell cycle and apoptosis, signal transduction, transcription and translation regulation, energy and metabolism, heat shock, and matrix and cytoskeletal proteins were all involved in the formation of developmental neural tube defects. Among these, cell cycle-related genes were predominant. Retinoic acid treat-ment caused differential expression of three cell cycle-related genes p57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin, the expression levels of which were downregulated by retinoic acid and upregulated during normal neural tube formation. The results of this study indicate that cell cycle-related genes play an im-portant role in the formation of neural tube defects. P57kip2, Cdk5 and Spin may be critical genes in the pathogenesis of neural tube defects.

脐带间充质干细胞治疗大鼠剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕缺陷的应用研究

目的探究脐带间充质干细胞治疗大鼠剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕缺陷的应用效果。方法选取120只SPF级大鼠(重量300~350 g),子宫憩室动物模型造模成功后采用随机数字表法分为A、B、C组,各40例。A组给予子宫内憩室周围点位注射和尾静脉注射生理盐水0.5 mL,B组给予子宫内憩室周围点位注射和尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞0.2 mL,C组给予子宫内憩室周围点位注射和尾静脉注射脐带间充质干细胞0.5 mL,连续治疗3周(1次/周),观察治疗完成时大鼠的生理指标及血清雌二醇(E_(2))、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)水平,分析大鼠治疗结束后1、4周时子宫肌层和子宫内膜指标差异。结果与A组比较,B组和C组的E_(2)水平升高,IL-6和IL-8水平降低,且C组改善较B组更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后子宫肌层厚度和肌动蛋白体积密度方面,B组和C组也表现出较好的改善,而且C组效果更为显著(P<0.05)。此外,B组和C组的子宫内膜缺陷率低于A组,且C组低于B组(P<0.05)。结论脐带间充质干细胞治疗对大鼠剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕缺陷具有积极的疗效,可改善其激素水平及炎症反应,改善子宫肌层和子宫内膜的情况,且高剂量(0.5 mL)脐带间充质干细胞的效果更佳。