The effects of the identity of shrub species on the distribution and diversity of ground arthropods in a sandy desert ecosystem of northwestern China

Shrub is an important factor on structuring ground arthropod communities in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and their species influence ground arthropod distribution patterns in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, the ground arthropods were sampled with pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn. At the community level, total arthropod abundance was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare areas in spring; similar patterns occurred in terms of the richness of arthropod groups in the spring and over three seasons, suggesting season-specific shrub presence effects on arthropod activity. In addition, more arthropods were found under N. sphaerocarpa shrubs than under C. rnongolicum shrubs in autumn, suggesting season-specific effects of shrub species of arthropod activity, whereas more arthropods taxa were captured under C. mongoIicum than N. sphaerocarpa. At the trophic group level, the abundances of predator and herbivore arthropods were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats, whereas herbivore arthropods were more abundant under N. sphaerocarpa than C. rnongolicum, and an opposite rule was detected for predator arthropods At the family level, the mean abundances of Carabidae, Curculionidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosidae were significantly higher in the shrub microhabitats than in the intershrub bare habitat, there was no significant difference between habitats on the mean abundances of Formicidae and Tenebrionidae. The study results suggested that shrub presence and shrub species variation are important determinants of ground arthropod assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of ar- thropods differed among trophic and taxonomic groups.

Water-use efficiency in response to simulated increasing precipitation in a temperate desert ecosystem of Xinjiang, China

Water-use efficiency（WUE） is a key plant functional trait that plays a central role in the global cycles of water and carbon. Although increasing precipitation may cause vegetation changes, few studies have explored the linkage between alteration in vegetation and WUE. Here, we analyzed the responses of leaf WUE, ecosystem carbon and water exchanges, ecosystem WUE, and plant community composition changes under normal conditions and also under extra 15% or 30% increases in annual precipitation in a temperate desert ecosystem of Xinjiang, China. We found that leaf WUE and ecosystem WUE showed inconsistent responses to increasing precipitation. Leaf WUE consistently decreased as precipitation increased. By contrast, the responses of the ecosystem WUE to increasing precipitation are different in different precipitation regimes： increasing by 33.9% in the wet year（i.e., the normal precipitation years）and decreasing by 4.1% in the dry year when the precipitation was about 30% less than that in the wet year.We systematically assessed the herbaceous community dynamics, community composition, and vegetation coverage to explain the responses of ecosystem WUE, and found that the between-year discrepancy in ecosystem WUE was consistent with the extent to which plant biomass was stimulated by the increase in precipitation. Although there was no change in the relative significance of ephemerals in the plant community, its greater overall plant biomass drove an increased ecosystem WUE under the conditions of increasing precipitation in 2011. However, the slight increase in plant biomass exerted no significant effect on ecosystem WUE in 2012. Our findings suggest that an alteration in the dominant species in this plant community can induce a shift in the carbon-and water-based economics of desert ecosystems.

Drought Resistance of Twelve Desert Shrubs at Seedling Stage of Ulan Buh Desert Ecosystem

[Objective] To establish drought resistance evaluation index system of desert shrubs,and provide scientific support for selecting quality tree species.[Method] Taking 2-year-old seedlings of 12 desert shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert ecosystem as the test materials,7 water physiological indexes were tested,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to explore drought resistance of the shrubs.[Results](a) Water potential of Ephedra distachya Linn.,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.,Caragana korshinski Kom.was lower than that of the other 9 species;bound water content(V_a) and bound water/free water ratio(V_a/V_s) of Zygophyl um xanthoxylon Maxim.was 64.20% and 3.3,higher than the others';transpiration rate of Atraphaxis bracteata A.Los.,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.and Tamarix elongata Ldb.was significantly lower than the others';constant weight time of Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Ephedra distachya Linn.was the longest(144 h);residual moisture content of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Maxim.was the highest(44.80%).(b) Water potential,bound water/free water(V_a/V_s),residual moisture content,bound water,constant weight time,and transpiration rate had great impact on drought resistance of plant,and the accumulative variance contribution rate achieved 87.59%.[Conclusion] According to the drought resistance,the 12 species were classified into 3 categories,namely shrubs with strong drought resistance(Ephedra distachya Linn.),shrubs with moderate drought resistance(Haloxylon ammodendron(C.A.Mey.) Bunge,Nitraia tangutorum Bobr.,and Zygophyllum xanthoxylon Maxim.);shrubs with poor drought resistance(Hedysarunn scoparium Fisch,Hedysarum mongolicum Turcz.,Tamarix elongata Ldb.,Caragana korshinskii Kom.,Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Maxim.,Atraphaxis bracteata A.Los.,Cal igonum mongolicum Mattei.,and Caragana microphylla Lam.).

Vegetation biomass dynamics in a desert ecosystem in NW China

Subject Code:D01With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a collaborative study by Prof.Wang Xinping(王新平)from the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the research group led by Prof.Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe from

Response of soil respiration to short-term changes in precipitation and nitrogen addition in a desert steppe

Changes in precipitation and nitrogen(N)addition may significantly affect the processes of soil carbon(C)cycle in terrestrial ecosystems,such as soil respiration.However,relatively few studies have investigated the effects of changes in precipitation and N addition on soil respiration in the upper soil layer in desert steppes.In this study,we conducted a control experiment that involved a field simulation from July 2020 to December 2021 in a desert steppe in Yanchi County,China.Specifically,we measured soil parameters including soil temperature,soil moisture,total nitrogen(TN),soil organic carbon(SOC),soil microbial biomass carbon(SMBC),soil microbial biomass nitrogen(SMBN),and contents of soil microorganisms including bacteria,fungi,actinomyces,and protozoa,and determined the components of soil respiration including soil respiration with litter(RS+L),soil respiration without litter(RS),and litter respiration(RL)under short-term changes in precipitation(control,increased precipitation by 30%,and decreased precipitation by 30%)and N addition(0.0 and 10.0 g/(m^(2)·a))treatments.Our results indicated that short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had substantial positive effects on the contents of TN,SOC,and SMBC,as well as the contents of soil actinomyces and protozoa.In addition,N addition significantly enhanced the rates of RS+L and RS by 4.8%and 8.0%(P<0.05),respectively.The increase in precipitation markedly increased the rates of RS+L and RS by 2.3%(P<0.05)and 5.7%(P<0.001),respectively.The decrease in precipitation significantly increased the rates of RS+L and RS by 12.9%(P<0.05)and 23.4%(P<0.001),respectively.In contrast,short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had no significant effects on RL rate(P>0.05).The mean RL/RS+L value observed under all treatments was 27.63%,which suggested that RL is an important component of soil respiration in the desert steppe ecosystems.The results also showed that short-term changes in precipitation and N addition had significant interactive effects on the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL(P<0.001).In addition,soil temperature was the most important abiotic factor that affected the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL.Results of the correlation analysis demonstrated that the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL were closely related to soil temperature,soil moisture,TN,SOC,and the contents of soil microorganisms,and the structural equation model revealed that SOC and SMBC are the key factors influencing the rates of RS+L,RS,and RL.This study provides further insights into the characteristics of soil C emissions in desert steppe ecosystems in the context of climate change,which can be used as a reference for future related studies.

2019-2022年甘肃瓜州极旱荒漠生态系统碳水通量观测数据集

极旱荒漠生态系统通常位于干旱地区,降水量较低并伴有高温现象,其原生植被具有较高适应性,是极端环境条件下的特殊生态系统类型。极旱荒漠生态系统在帮助保持土壤稳定性、防止土壤侵蚀、维持独特生物多样性等方面发挥着一定作用,在全球生态系统中具有独特而重要的地位。了解中国西北极旱荒漠生态系统碳水通量特征对于研究极旱荒漠生态系统在全球碳水循环中的作用具有重要意义。本数据集为甘肃瓜州极旱荒漠生态系统野外科学观测研究站(以下简称瓜州站)所收集的2019年1月1日至2022年12月31日的日尺度碳水通量观测数据集。采用涡动相关通量观测技术对该生态系统碳水通量进行野外观测,使用ChinaFLUX数据处理技术标准对原始数据进行校正、质量控制和数据插补最终形成日尺度数据集。本数据集包括净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)、生态系统总初级生产力(GPP)、生态系统呼吸(ER)、水通量(FH2O)、土壤热通量(SHF)、蒸散发(ET)、显热通量(H)、潜热通量(LE)和太阳辐射(R_(g))、气温(T_(air))、露点温度(T_(dew))、土壤含水量(SWC)、光量子通量密度(PPFD)、相对湿度(RH)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、降水(P)等关键气象环境观测数据。本数据集可为深入研究极旱荒漠生态系统在全球碳水循环中的作用与地位提供宝贵的数据基础。

2005-2020年中国干旱半干旱区典型草地和荒漠生态系统植被地上生物量数据集

植被生物量是全球碳循环的重要组成部分,是陆地生态系统与大气之间碳交换的重要环节,是定量研究全球气候变化与草地、荒漠生态系统之间的反馈调节作用等的基础。中国干旱半干旱区的草地、荒漠生态系统是重要的碳库类型,本文选取中国生态系统研究网络(Chinese Ecosystem Research Network,CERN)中位于中国干旱半干旱区的2个草地生态系统观测研究站(海北站、内蒙古站)和5个荒漠生态系统类型观测研究站(鄂尔多斯站、阜康站、临泽站、奈曼站、沙坡头站)的典型生态系统,对其按照CERN生态系统长期观测规范开展长期观测获取的植被地上生物量的2005–2020年间生长季的月动态实测数据进行了收集整理与质量控制,并开展了样方原始调查数据到样地尺度观测数据的统计计算,生成了植被地上生物量数据集,可为中国干旱半干旱区草地和荒漠生态系统对全球气候变化响应及植被保育与可持续发展等研究提供地面观测数据支撑。

2010–2020年塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物回收量月动态数据集

中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站(以下简称“策勒站”)地处塔里木盆地南缘,南依昆仑山,北临我国最大的塔克拉玛干沙漠。具有植被群落简单,土壤有机质积累缓慢等特点。凋落物是该区域重要的养分来源。基于对策勒站荒漠植物群落的长期定位观测,通过对不同植物凋落物器官(枝、叶、果)分组,本文整理统计得到2010–2020年塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物的回收量月动态数据,同时记载了观测场群落以及土壤养分的年度变化情况。数据的产生严格遵照CERN生物观测规范执行,数据的审核及质量控制由台站与分中心质控人员共同完成。本数据集以期为深入研究塔里木盆地南部荒漠草地凋落物动态变化提供基础数据,为了解和评估极端干旱荒漠生态系统养分循环过程提供理论支撑。

放牧强度对短花针茅荒漠草原生态系统多功能性的影响

生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系备受关注,但是过去的研究很少关注生态系统的多功能性(Ecosystem multifunctionality, EMF)。因此,本研究以短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)荒漠草原为对象,在测定植物群落生物量、土壤有机碳和多种土壤酶活性等11种生态系统功能的基础上量化EMF,并探究不同放牧强度(对照,No grazing, CK;轻度,Light grazing, LG;、中度,Moderate grazing, MG;和重度放牧,Heavy grazing, HG)对植物多样性与EMF的影响。结果表明:放牧导致植物多样性、单一生态系统功能和EMF显著降低(P<0.05),不同放牧强度下EMF分别是0.6,0.25,-0.18和-0.78。不同放牧强度下,大多数生态系统单一功能都与植物多样性显著正相关(P<0.05)。EMF与植物多样性指数线性正相关,香农维纳指数与EMF的拟合结果最好,是预测EMF变化的最佳指标。因此,为实现荒漠草原生物多样性保护和多种生态系统服务和功能的可持续性,在草地管理中可适当降低载畜率。

腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被区蚁丘对中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响

为阐明固沙植被区中蚂蚁筑巢活动形成蚁丘对中小型土壤节肢动物群落的影响规律,于2022年在腾格里沙漠东南缘建植第5、8、34、57年的固沙植被区中,分别采集蚁丘内、外土壤样品,采用干漏斗法分离中小型土壤节肢动物,调查了固沙植被演替过程中蚁丘内外中小型土壤节肢动物群落组成、多样性分布特征及影响因素。结果显示:(1)中小型土壤动物的优势类群包括球角虫兆属、等节虫兆属和小真古螨科,分别从第8、34、57年开始呈现出蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外的分布特征(P<0.05)。中小型土壤节肢动物优势类群个体数及总个体数均从固沙植被建植第8年开始,蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05)。(2)中小型土壤动物群落类群数和Shannon-Wiener指数均表现为从固沙植被建植第34年开始,表现为蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05),而且34年固沙植被区蚁丘内分别是蚁丘外的1.6倍、2.2倍,57年固沙植被区蚁丘内分别是蚁丘外的2.3倍、3.9倍;均匀度指数仅在固沙57年呈现出蚁丘内显著高于蚁丘外(P<0.05)的分布特征,即蚁丘内是蚁丘外的5.4倍。(3)结构方程模型显示,在固沙初期,土壤黏粒含量是影响中小型土壤节肢动物群落分布的主要环境因子,而在中后期则为土壤全氮和全钾含量。综合分析表明,腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被演替初期蚁丘仅增加中小型土壤节肢动物个体数,而只有在长期演替后蚁丘才表现为显著增加其个体数和多样性、直至改变群落组成结构,并对裸沙地中小型土壤节肢动物个体数分布具有重要辐射作用。

新疆农田和荒漠生态系统土壤有机碳储量及其影响因素

基于中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)长期监测数据,选取新疆维吾尔自治区代表暖温带干旱区的绿洲农田生态系统(阿克苏站)、代表暖温带荒漠区(策勒站)以及温带荒漠区(阜康站)的绿洲农田和荒漠生态系统综合观测场、辅助观测场和农户调查点2005—2020年0—100 cm土层的土壤有机碳(SOC)储量数据,分析新疆农田和荒漠生态系统SOC储量的影响因素。研究结果表明,2005—2020年0—100 cm土层SOC总储量平均值为阿克苏站(5.17 kg/m^(2))>阜康站(4.20 kg/m^(2))>策勒站(2.96 kg/m^(2))。0—20 cm、20—40 cm、40—60 cm土层的SOC分别约占0—100 cm土层储量的27.3%—35.3%、23.1%—24.6%和15.8%—17.5%。在阿克苏站,施肥量最高、灌溉量最低的农户调查点SOC储量最高;而在策勒站和阜康站,农户调查点和辅助观测场的施肥和灌溉措施分别最有利于提高SOC储量。总体来看,土壤含水量、地上生物量与SOC储量呈正相关关系;年平均气温与0—40 cm土层的SOC储量呈负相关关系。在单一生态站的生态系统尺度,年平均气温与SOC储量相关性不显著;地上生物量与策勒站和阜康站的SOC储量呈正相关关系,但是与阿克苏站0—40 cm土层的SOC储量呈负相关关系;施纯钾量与策勒站0—60 cm土层的SOC储量呈正相关关系,但与阜康站40—100 cm土层的SOC储量呈负相关关系。总之,与自然状态下的荒漠和农田不施肥相比,灌溉和施肥的农田管理措施有利于增加干旱区SOC储量。不同生态站要根据自身区域特点制定合理的农田管理模式,以维持较高的SOC储量。

Nonlinear Feature of the Abrupt Transitions between Multiple Equilibria States of an Ecosystem Model

Based on a five-variable theoretical ecosystem model, the stability of equilibrium state and the nonlinear feature of the transition between a grassland state and a desert state are investigated. The approach of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations （CNOPs）, which are the nonlinear generalization of the linear singular vectors （LSVs）, is adopted. The numerical results indicate that the linearly stable grassland and desert states are nonlinearly unstable to large enough initial perturbations on the condition that the moisture index # satisfies 0.3126 〈 μ 〈 0.3504. The perturbations represent some kind of anthropogenic influence and natural factors. The results obtained by CNOPs, LSVs and Lyapunov vectors （LVs） are compared to analyze the nonlinear feature of the transition between the grassland state and the desert state. Besides this, it is shown that the five-variable model is superior to the three-variable model in providing more visible signals when the transitions occur.

Species composition,distribution patterns and ecological functions of biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

As one of the most important biological factors that maintain the stability of the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China,the Gurbantunggut Desert,the biological soil crusts (BSCs) develop well and play critical ecological roles in the desert ecosystem. In this paper,we briefly summarize our research findings since 2002 including species composition,distribution pattern and ecological functions of BSCs in the desert. Our results indicate abundant species diversity of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert in comparison to other deserts in China. At the scales of sand dune or whole desert,the distribution patterns of BSCs are location-specific. The existence of BSCs in this desert could:(1) accelerate the formation of desert soil and the weathering of minerals; (2) accumulate organic matter in surface soil through related species in soil crusts; (3) enhance the abilities of sand surface to resist wind erosion; (4) influence seed germination of vascular plants; and (5) enhance the production of dew deposition on sandy soil surface.

准噶尔荒漠两种灌木冠下土壤无机氮含量变化特征

土壤无机氮作为植物可直接吸收和利用的氮源,其含量变化反映了土壤供氮能力。大量研究表明荒漠生态系统中土壤无机氮含量受到灌木种类和空间位置的影响。然而,有关采样方向对土壤无机氮含量的影响,目前仍所知甚少。基于此,本研究以准噶尔荒漠西北缘两种广泛分布的优势灌木为对象-梭梭和里海盐爪爪,通过测定和计算两物种个体大小(大、中、小和较小个体)在4个空间位置(主根周围、冠幅中央、冠幅边缘和株间空地)和4个采样方向(东、南、西和北)上0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量和铵硝比,分析了灌木个体大小、空间位置和采样方向主效应及其交互效应对各土层无机氮含量的影响。研究结果发现:1)梭梭和里海盐爪爪冠下土壤无机氮含量均受到个体大小主效应的影响。两物种大个体冠下硝态氮含量均显著高于较小个体,梭梭大个体冠下铵态氮含量和铵硝比最低,而里海盐爪爪大个体冠下则拥有最高的铵态氮含量和铵硝比,表明土壤无机氮含量变化存在灌木个体大小依赖性。2)两物种冠下0~10 cm土层中硝态氮和铵态氮含量都显著高于10~20 cm,意味着灌木对表层土壤无机氮的影响幅度更大。3)梭梭冠下土壤无机氮含量还受到个体大小与采样方向交互作用的影响,且在冠幅东侧和南侧存在无机氮富集特征。4)空间位置和采样方向对里海盐爪爪冠下土壤无机氮存在显著交互作用,在里海盐爪爪冠下东侧和南侧,主根周围无机氮含量普遍高于其他3个空间位置。这些结果表明荒漠生态系统中土壤无机氮的变化特征因物种而异,同时受到个体大小、空间位置和采样方向等多种因素的影响。

Effects of shrub presence and shrub species on ground beetle assemblages (Carabidae,Curculionidae and Tenebrionidae) in a sandy desert,northwestern China

Shrub presence has an important effect on the structuring of ground beetles in desert ecosystems. In this study, in order to determine how shrubs and different species influence ground beetle assemblages in a sandy desert scrubland dominated by two different shrub species, namely Calligonum mongolicum and Nitraria sphaerocarpa, we sampled the ground beetles using pitfall traps during spring, summer and autumn in 2012. At the community level, the activity density of the ground beetles was shown to be significantly higher under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring; but an opposite pattern occurred in autumn, suggesting the presence of sea- son-specific shrub effects on the activity density of the ground beetles. Meanwhile, at the trophic group level, the activity density and species richness of predators were significantly greater under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring, whereas an opposite trend occurred on the activity density in autumn. N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of herbivores in the three seasons, and C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on the activity density of detritivores in spring and autumn. At the species level, more Microdera sp. was captured under shrubs than in intershrub bare habitats in spring. During the same time, we also found that C. mongolicum shrubs had a positive effect on Blaps gobiensis in spring, Carabus sp. in autumn, and Tentyria sp. in spring and autumn, and N. sphaerocarpa shrubs had a positive effect on Cyphogenia chinensis, Sternoplax setosa in spring and summer, and Curculionidae sp. 1 in summer and autumn. The study results suggest that shrub presence, shrub species and season variation are important factors for ground beetle assemblages in this desert ecosystem, but the responses of beetles differed among trophic and taxonomic levels.

甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区水源地鸟兽多样性研究

掌握甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区鸟类和兽类本底资源现状,能为制定生物多样性保护对策提供基础数据。2020年1月至2023年3月,在甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区7处水源地使用红外相机开展兽类和鸟类多样性调查。红外相机野外调查累计11443相机工作日,共收集到18773张野生动物照片,其中有效独立照片3303张,准确鉴定出4目9科17种野生兽类,7目12科32种野生鸟类。调查结果显示:1)国家一级、二级重点保护野生动物分别为10,18种;被《中国生物多样性红色名录》评估为近危(NT)等级以上物种有24种。2)兽类和鸟类群落多样性指数(H)分别为2.67和3.03,Pielou均匀度指数(J)分别为0.65和0.62。3)相对多度指数(I_(RA))前5种野生动物依次为鹅喉羚(Gazella yarkandensis)(I_(RA)=99.54)、野骆驼(Camelus ferus)(I_(RA)=53.57)、雪豹(Panthera uncia)(I_(RA)=35.22)、秃鹫(Aegypius monachus)(I_(RA)=15.64)、岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)(I_(RA)=13.81)。调查结果反映出甘肃安南坝保护区兽类和鸟类资源现状,可以为后续生物多样性保护和长期监测提供数据支持和指导。

降水调节荒漠草原生态系统碳交换对增温和氮添加的响应

气候变暖和大气氮沉降对草地生态系统功能有重要影响。然而,降水变化如何调节荒漠草原生态系统生产功能对气候变暖和氮沉降的响应还不清楚。本研究基于内蒙古短花针茅(Stipa breviflora Griseb.)荒漠草原长期增温和氮添加试验平台,分析两个连续降水差异较大年份中植物生产力和生态系统碳交换对增温和氮添加响应的不同。结果表明:(1)植物群落地上生物量在干旱和湿润年份有显著差异。在干旱年份,氮添加使得C_(3)植物地上生物量显著降低了10.50%;在湿润年份,氮添加使得植物群落地上生物量和C_(3)植物地上生物量分别显著增加了11.69%和8.06%。(2)在干旱年份,氮添加显著促进了净生态系统碳固定,而增温显著降低了总生态系统生产力;在湿润年份,增温和氮添加对生态系统碳交换均没有显著影响。因此,野外长期监测结合年际间降水波动对分析全球变化影响草原生态系统功能十分必要。

Isolation and identification of desert habituated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi newly reported from the Arabian Peninsula

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are known to facilitate the growth and vigour of many plants, particularly in arid ecosystems. In a survey of AMF in a date palm plantation and two natural sites of a desert in Oman, we generated many single spore-derived cultures of AMF. We identified a number of these isolates based on spore morphotyping and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the sequence of the LSU-rDNA. Here, we presented the characteristics of four species of AMF recovered, namely Claroideoglomus drummondii, Diversispora aurantia, Diversispora spurca and Funneliformis africanum. The four species have been described previously, but for the Arabian Peninsula they are reported here for the first time. Our endeavor of isolation and characterization of some AMF habituated to arid sites of Arabia represents a first step towards application for environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in this region.

河套平原沙漠区3种乡土树种人工栽培后的生态适应性

乌兰布和沙漠东北段的防护林是保护东部河套平原农业生产的重要生态屏障,由于对人工造林研究缺乏重视,许多防护林体系中的林分有一定的衰退趋势。研究乡土树种人工栽培后的生态适应性,是指导人工防护林建设和可持续经营的重要举措。为了深入探究乌兰布和沙漠乡土树种人工栽培后的生态适应性,本文以3种乡土树种沙冬青(Ammopiptathus mongolicus)、霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylon)和蒙古扁桃(Prunus mongolica)为研究对象,通过测定功能性叶片表皮形态、解剖结构、生理指标,结合当地气象数据,阐释3种植物对沙漠环境的适应机制。结果表明:3种植物分别以不同方式适应沙漠环境。沙冬青通过增大叶面积来增加受光面积、提高光合效率,利用密集的表皮毛和发达的角质层强化叶片机械防御能力,降低强光灼伤及水分蒸腾,维持细胞水分平衡,从而降低细胞膜脂过氧化。蒙古扁桃叶片簇生,通过增加叶片数量增加受光面积、提高光合效率,通过卷曲叶片躲避强光灼伤,通过特化气孔位置(将气孔全部分布于叶片下表面),利用发达的维管束、丰富的黏液细胞和晶体结构来降低水分蒸腾,维持细胞水分平衡,从而降低细胞膜脂过氧化。霸王叶片呈圆柱状条形结构,通过降低风阻,降低叶片遭受风沙流危害的概率,通过生理代谢调节提高叶片抗氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,维持细胞水分和活性氧代谢平衡。这些发现揭示了3种植物在应对荒漠环境时所采取的不同的适应策略,为乌兰布和沙漠东北部乡土树种的引种驯化提供了新思路。

鄂尔多斯黄河流域荒漠生态系统防风固沙的功能价值评估

为定量估算黄河流域荒漠生态系统防风固沙功能价值,以位于鄂尔多斯黄河流域的库布其荒漠生态系统流动沙地、半固定沙地与固定沙地为研究对象,针对其荒漠生态系统防风固沙量开展研究,对库布其荒漠生态系统的防风固沙功能价值进行评估核算。经核算,库布其荒漠生态系统2021年防风固沙量为5.02×10^(8)t,防风固沙服务价值量为753×108元/a,减少农田经济损失价值为16.06×108元/a,减少草地经济损失价值为0.27×10^(8)元/a,土壤营养元素保持价值为38.05×10^(8)元/a,减少泥沙淤积灾害价值为3.01×10^(8)元/a,减少交通运输经济损失价值为7.53×10^(8)元/a。库布其荒漠生态系统具有极大的生态经济价值,其防风固沙功能对于鄂尔多斯黄河流域生态环境保护具有及其重要的作用。