Direct-chill semi-continuous casting process of three-layer composite ingot of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys

Three-layer composite ingot of 4045/3004/4045 aluminum alloys was prepared by direct-chill semi-continuous casting process,the temperature field distribution near the composite interface,macro-morphology,microstructure and composition distribution of the composite interface were investigated.The results show that semi-solid layer with a certain thickness forms near the interface due to the effect of cooling plate,which ensures successful implementation of casting the composite ingot.Two different aluminum alloys are well bonded metallurgically.The mechanical properties of composite interface were measured,the tensile and shearing strengths of composite interface are 105 and 88 MPa,respectively,which proves that the composite interface is a kind of metallurgical bonding.

Characteristics evolution of 6009/7050 bimetal slab prepared by direct-chill casting process

6009/7050 alloy bimetal slab was prepared by a direct-chill (DC) casting process. Homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and T6 treatment were successively performed and their effects on microstructure and properties of the slab were studied. The results reveal that the average diffusion layer thickness of as-cast slab, determined by interdiffusion of elements Zn, Cu, Mg and Si, was about 400 μm. Excellent metallurgical bonding was achieved because all tensile samples fractured on the softer 6009 alloy side after homogenizing annealing. After homogenizing annealing plus rolling, the average diffusion layer thickness decreased to 100 μm, while the network structure of 7050 alloy side transformed to dispersive nubby structure. Furthermore, subsequent T6 treatment resulted in diffusion layer thickness up to 200 μm and an obvious increase of the Vickers hardness for both 7050 and 6009 sides. The layered structure of the as-cast 6009/7050 bimetal is retained after hot rolling and T6 treatment.

Numerical simulation for macrosegregation in direct-chill casting of 2024 aluminum alloy with an extended continuum mixture model

An extended continuum mixture model for macrosegregation is applied to predicting Cu and Mg segregation in large-size ingot of 2024 aluminum alloy during direct chill casting（DC）. A microsegregation model using the approximate phase diagram data was coupled with macroscopic transport equations for macrosegregation profiles. Then, the impacts of transport mechanisms on the formation of macrosegregation were discussed. It is found that copper and magnesium have a similar segregation configuration from the billet center to surface. Negative segregation is observed in the centerline and subsurface, whereas positive segregation is obtained in the surface and somewhat underestimated positive segregation in the middle radius. Further, the discrepancy between the predicted and experimental results was discussed in detail. The results show that the magnesium to some extent alleviates the copper segregation in ternary alloy, compared with that in binary alloy. The predicted results show good agreement with measured experimental data obtained from literatures.

Effect of casting speed on floating grains and macrosegregation ofdirect-chill cast 2024 alloy with intensive melt shearing

The ingot was prepared by direct-chill(DC)casting technology with different casting speeds under the influence of intensive melt shearing to explore the effect of casting speed and intensive melt shearing on the floating grains and negative centerline segregation.The results indicate that the application of intensive melt shearing in DC casting process can distribute the floating grains uniformly,reduce the area fraction of the floating grains,alleviate the negative centerline segregation,and improve the uniformity of temperature field in the sump.It is also suggested that under the influence of intensive melt shearing,the casting speed plays a crucial role in the amounts and distribution of floating grains.At low casting speed,the intensive melt shearing can significantly reduce the area fraction of the floating grains and distribute them uniformly throughout the ingot.However,this effect gradually disappears with the increase of casting speed.

Macro-physical field of large diameter magnesium alloy billet electromagnetic direct-chill casting:A comparative study

A comprehensive two-dimensional axisymmetric mathematical model that couples transient electromagnetic force with fluid flow,heat transfer,and solidification was established to describe the interaction of multiphysics field during DC casting.The melt flow,heat transfer,and solidification characteristics under differential phase pulse magnetic field and differential phase low-frequency electromagnetic field(DP-PMF and DP-LFEF)were numerically investigated by means of numerical simulation during electromagnetic direct-chill(DC)casting of AZ31 alloy at the same casting conditions.The effects of differential phase electromagnetic fields on Lorentz forces distributions,melt flow,heat transfer,and liquid sump shape were discussed systematically.Based on measured current waveform,the results were compared with those obtained without magnetic field(MF)and under conventional pulse magnetic field(PMF)and low-frequency electromagnetic field(LFEF)under the same conditions.The results show that the application of magnetic fields can significantly change the solidification process of DC casting.Differential phase magnetic fields(DP-LFEF and DP-PMF)can effectively reduce the temperature of the melt in the liquid sump,and the shallower liquid sump depth can be obtained under the differential phase magnetic fields.A large velocity vibration amplitude and a lower temperature are available simultaneously under DP-PMF,resulting in more uniform temperature distribution.

Deformation and heat treatment ability of three-layer 6009/7050/6009 Al alloy clad slab prepared by direct-chill casting

Three-layer6009/7050/6009aluminum alloy clad slab was fabricated by an innovative direct-chill casting process.To study the response of the clad slab to plastic deformation and heat treatments,homogenization annealing,hot rolling,solution and aging were successively performed on the as-cast6009/7050/6009clad samples.The results revealed that excellent metallurgical bonding between7050alloy layer and6009alloy layer was achieved under optimal parameters.The clad ratio obviously decreased when the annealed sample was rolled to55%hot reduction level,and then changed slightly with further rolling.Furthermore,the content of rodlike Zn-rich phases increased significantly in7050alloy layer in the homogenized clad samples after rolling at55%,65%and75%hot reduction levels,and the higher level of hot reduction resulted in narrower diffusion layer.Subsequent solution and aging significantly improved the hardness in7050alloy layer,interfaces and6009alloy layers of the rolled samples except for the thin side for the75%hot reduction sample.

Thermal-stress Simulation of Direct-chill Casting of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Billets

Two-dimensional （2D） transient coupled finite element model was developed to compute the temperature and stress field in cast billets, so as to predict the defects of the I-type billets made from AZ31 magnesium alloy and find the causes and solutions for surface cracks and shrinkages during direct-chill （DC） casting process. Method of equivalent specific heat was used in the heat conduction equation. The boundary and initial conditions used for primary and secondary cooling were elucidated on the basis of the heat transfer during the solidification of the billet. The temperature and the thermal-stress fields were simulated with the thermal-structural coupled module of ANSYS software. The influences of casting parameters on the distributions of temperature and stress were studied, which helped optimize the parameters （at pouring temperature of 680 ℃, casting speed of 2 min/s, heat-transfer coefficient of the second cooling equals to 5 000 W/m^2.℃^-1）. The simulation results of thermal stress and strain fields reveal the formation mechanism of some casting defects, which is favourable for optimizing the casting parameters and obtain high quality billets. Some measures of controlling processes were taken to prevent the defects for direct-chill casting billets.

航空用高品质7050铝合金大规格扁锭熔铸技术研究

7050铝合金具有密度低、强度高、热加工性能优异等优点,在航空航天结构件上应用广泛。但在7050铝合金大规格铸锭半连续铸造过程中,存在热裂、成形困难、严重显微疏松和氧化夹杂等问题。本研究开发了大规格扁锭半连续铸造过程中合金熔体冶金质量控制技术,系统考察了精炼工艺、晶粒细化技术对大规格扁锭品质的影响规律,确定了大规格扁锭铸造工艺。结果表明,优化工艺制度能严控熔体内氢和夹杂物含量,采用Al-Ti-C晶粒细化工艺制度将晶粒度控制在1~1.5级,高质量的熔体质量缓解了合金凝固收缩应变,极高比例地解决了扁锭开裂问题。最终,形成了一套适用于大规格7050合金扁锭的熔铸工艺制度。

铝合金焊丝生产的研究现状

随着铝合金在各行各业的广泛应用,铝合金焊丝的需求量也越来越大。主要介绍了国内外铝合金焊丝的生产工艺及生产发展趋势。重点介绍了铝合金焊丝线坯的三种主要生产方法:立式半连续铸造-挤压法、连铸连轧法、水平连铸连拉法,并重点阐述了每种生产方法的原理、优缺点及发展现状。

AA7050合金半连铸开裂及变形机制

通过数值模拟对工业大规格铸锭在半连铸过程中的应力场分布以及铸锭的变形进行了研究,分析了铸锭可能的开裂方式以及铸锭变形的机制,同时也研究了铸造速度对铸锭中应力场和变形的影响。结果显示,改变铸造速度对铸锭中各应力分量的影响不同,因此也影响了铸锭可能的开裂方式;提高铸造速度大幅增加了轧制面收缩的程度,但翘曲主要受起始阶段铸造速度的影响,受稳态铸造速度的影响不太显著。初始铸造速度对翘曲的影响主要是由其对液穴深度的影响所致。

水平连续铸造速度对6061铝合金表面质量及皮下组织的影响

通过使用铜模结晶器进行水平连续铸造Φ178 mm的6061铝合金,在不改变其他工艺参数的情况下改变铸造速度,考察了铸造速度对水平铸造6061铝合金铸锭表面质量及皮下组织的影响。结果表明,在本次实验的铸造速度范围内,铸锭的上下表面形貌及皮下组织存在差异;随着铸造速度的提升,铸锭表面形貌先得到了改善,铸锭表面的冷隔减弱,减小了皮下细晶区的厚度,异形晶区向表面移动。但铸造速度超过一定值时,会使铸锭下表面产生细裂纹,使皮下组织产生大量缺陷。综合分析,最佳的铸造速度为110 mm/min。

AZ31镁合金圆锭连铸过程温度场的数值模拟

通过有限差分法,利用Visual C++6.0建立直接水冷法(DC)AZ31镁合金连铸过程的数学模型,该模型可预测铸锭以及底模的温度分布。通过对铸造过程物理现象的理论研究,确定一冷区、二冷区以及铸锭与底模之间的边界条件。通过与文献实测温度的比较,证明该模型可以用来模拟实际铸造过程。考察不同铸造条件对铸锭温度场分布的影响,为优化镁合金直冷连铸的工艺参数提供了依据。

电磁铸造对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金微观组织及晶内固溶度的影响

分别采用电磁铸造和普通连铸技术制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金,研究电磁场对合金显微组织、合金元素晶内固溶度的影响。结果表明:采用电磁铸造技术制备的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金具有良好的表面质量和内部组织;电磁场显著提高合金元素在晶内的固溶度,减小了微观偏析程度。相对于普通连铸,电磁铸造法制备的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金的晶粒平均尺寸从68μm减小到53μm,Zn、Mg和Cu元素的晶内相对溶质固溶度分别由56%、62%和25%提高到79%、74%和44%。

低频电磁水平半连续铸造中磁场的分布及其对宏观偏析的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了低频电磁水平半连续铸造7075铝合金中不同强度及频率的磁场在熔体中的分布,并采用试验的方法研究了不同条件的磁场对铸锭宏观偏析的影响。将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较。研究结果表明:在传统水平半连续铸造工艺条件下,铸锭中易出现较严重的负偏析及重力偏析;然而,在低频电磁水平半连续铸造过程中,低频电磁场的存在明显削弱了铸锭中的宏观偏析。此外,磁场在熔体中的分布情况将直接影响其作用效果,提高磁场强度及适当降低磁场频率均有利于对宏观偏析的改善。

AZ80镁合金低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程的数值模拟和实验研究

采用有限元方法对AZ80镁合金低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程的电磁场、流场和温度场进行数值模拟,对铸锭的组织进行观察和分析,并与普通半连续铸造铸锭晶粒组织进行对比。模拟结果表明:在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程中,结晶器中的熔体受脉冲电磁力作用产生强迫对流和电磁振荡,使得熔体的径向温度梯度有所降低。组织观察结果显示,与普通半连续铸锭相比,低压脉冲磁场半连续铸锭晶粒明显细化,枝晶尖端发生钝化。在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造凝固过程中,结晶器壁附近形核的临界形核半径和临界形核功有所降低,同时脉冲磁场形成的熔体对流使结晶器壁处形成的晶核随着对流扩散到熔池内部,使形核率增加,另外脉冲磁场能够通过尖端钝化的方式抑制晶粒的生长,从而造成低压脉冲磁场铸锭的晶粒细化。

低频电磁场对水平半连续铸造7075铝合金的影响

采用实验的方法研究了低频电磁场对水平半连续铸造铝合金的表面质量及铸态组织的影响·将使用传统水平半连续铸造生产出的铸锭与低频电磁水平半连续铸造生产的铸锭进行了比较·研究结果表明,低频电磁场可有效地减少铸锭的表面缺陷并显著改善铸锭的微观组织·此外,提高磁场的强度或适当降低磁场的频率均有利于对铸锭质量的改善·实验所采用的安匝数及频率范围中,最优的条件分别为10000,30Hz·

EMS-DC法制备的半固态ZL101A铝合金的组织与性能

研究了EMS DC法工艺参数对半固态ZL1 0 1A合金组织的影响 ,阐明了浇注温度 (中间包温度 )、拉坯速度、冷却速度与合金组织形貌的关系。研究表明 :在 0 .0 8～ 0 .0 9T的磁感应强度作用下 ,当铝合金在固液两相区的冷却速度小于 0 .3℃ /s时 ,即能得到较理想的非树枝晶组织。在优化各工艺参数的基础上 ,形成了半固态ZL1 0 1A合金的水平半连续铸造中试生产技术 ,其连铸坯铸态和热处理态强塑性综合指标分别为 430 .4和 497.4。

电磁铸造2E12铝合金的铸态组织与力学性能

分别采用电磁铸造和普通连铸技术制备了2E12铝合金连铸锭。通过显微组织和力学性能的对比分析,研究施加电磁场对2E12铝合金连铸过程及铸锭性能的影响。结果表明,使用电磁铸造技术制备的2E12铝合金铸锭具有良好的表面质量和内部组织,以及优良的力学性能。其中,电磁铸造方法获得的2E12铝合金铸锭相对于普通连续铸造铸锭晶粒平均尺寸由58μm减小至36μm,抗拉强度提高了9.08%,伸长率提高了61.58%,断裂方式为准解理断裂。

4045/3004/4045层状铝合金复合材料连铸制备方法

本文旨在开发出制备复合锭坯的新技术,在新型热顶石墨环结晶器中安装冷却板,采用直接水冷半连续铸造法实现了4045/3004/4045铝合金三层复合锭的实验室制备,研究了复合锭坯的宏观形貌、微观组织,并考察了界面两侧元素分布以及铸造过程中界面附近3004合金熔体的温度分布.结果表明:在冷却板的作用下界面附近形成了一层温度分布较为均匀的固态支撑层,从而保证复合铸造过程的顺利实现,复合界面结合较好,且为一种冶金结合;由界面抗拉强度测试结果可知界面的结合强度均高于96 MPa,进一步证明了两种合金的结合是一种冶金结合.

复合锭直接水冷半连续铸造过程的研究

在传统结晶器中安装了冷却板,采用直接水冷半连续铸造法实现了用于生产钎焊板的铝合金复合锭的实验室制备,并对半连续铸造过程及工艺进行研究,主要研究了铸造过程中接触面附近温度场分布、复合锭接触面两侧的宏观形貌、微观组织及成分分布、硬度分布.结果表明:在冷却板的作用下接触面附近形成了一层具有一定厚度的半固态层,从而保证复合铸造过程的顺利实现,复合锭中两种铝合金接触面结合较好,且为一种冶金结合,接触面两侧的成分分布和硬度分布有较好的对应关系.