A DISPATCHER TRAINING SIMULATOR SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH THE EXIST SCADA/EMS

To utilize exist SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acqui si tion)/EMS (Energy Management System) fully and economize capital, Henan Electric Power Dispatching and Communication Center in China established a set of Henan Dispatcher Training Simulator (HNDTS) base on its exist SCADA/EMS. In order to i ntegrated with exist SCADA/EMS, the integration method and technique are propose d. Graph data integration discussed with emphasis. After integration implemented , HNDTS can share all data with SCADA/EMS and dispatchers can be trained in same environment as real work situation, in the same time it can avoid amout of work of maintenance engineers. Both advantages and disadvantages of integration are analyzed. In the end of paper, the requirement for future DTS is put forward bas e on the experience of author.

A PI+R Control Scheme Based on Multi-Agent Systems for Economic Dispatch in Isolated BESSs

Battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are widely used in smart grids.However,power consumed by inner impedance and the capacity degradation of each battery unit become particularly severe,which has resulted in an increase in operating costs.The general economic dispatch(ED)algorithm based on marginal cost(MC)consensus is usually a proportional(P)controller,which encounters the defects of slow convergence speed and low control accuracy.In order to solve the distributed ED problem of the isolated BESS network with excellent dynamic and steady-state performance,we attempt to design a proportional integral(PI)controller with a reset mechanism(PI+R)to asymptotically promote MC consensus and total power mismatch towards 0 in this paper.To be frank,the integral term in the PI controller is reset to 0 at an appropriate time when the proportional term undergoes a zero crossing,which accelerates convergence,improves control accuracy,and avoids overshoot.The eigenvalues of the system under a PI+R controller is well analyzed,ensuring the regularity of the system and enabling the reset mechanism.To ensure supply and demand balance within the isolated BESSs,a centralized reset mechanism is introduced,so that the controller is distributed in a flow set and centralized in a jump set.To cope with Zeno behavior and input delay,a dwell time that the system resides in a flow set is given.Based on this,the system with input delays can be reduced to a time-delay free system.Considering the capacity limitation of the battery,a modified MC scheme with PI+R controller is designed.The correctness of the designed scheme is verified through relevant simulations.

Optimization dispatching strategy for an energy storage system considering its unused capacity sharing

In renewable energy systems,energy storage systems can reduce the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources and compensate for the prediction deviation.However,if the renewable energy prediction deviation is small,the energy storage system may work in an underutilized state.To efficiently utilize a renewable-energy-sided energy storage system(RES),this study proposed an optimization dispatching strategy for an energy storage system considering its unused capacity sharing.First,this study proposed an unused capacity-sharing strategy for the RES to fully utilize the storage’s unused capacity and elevate the storage’s service efficiency.Second,RES was divided into“deviation-compensating energy storage(DES)”and“sharing energy storage(SES)”to clarify the function of RES in the operation process.Third,this study established an optimized dispatching model to achieve the lowest system operating cost wherein the unused capacity-sharing strategy could be integrated.Finally,a case study was investigated,and the results indicated that the proposed model and algorithm effectively improved the utilization of renewable-energy-side energy storage systems,thereby reducing the total operation cost and pressure on peak shaving.

Market Operation of Energy Storage System in Smart Grid:A Review

As a flexible resource,energy storage plays an increasingly significant role in stabilizing and supporting the power system,while providing auxiliary services.Still,the current high demand for energy storage contrasts with the fuzzy lack of market-oriented mechanisms for energy storage,the principle of market-oriented operation has not been embodied,and there is no unified and systematic analytical framework for the business model.However,the dispatch management model of energy storage in actual power system operation is not clear.Still,the specific scheduling process and energy storage strategy on the source-load-network side could be more specific,and there needs to be a greater understanding of the collaborative scheduling process of the multilevel scheduling center.On this basis,this paper reviews the energy storage operation model and market-based incentive mechanism,For different functional types and installation locations of energy storage within the power system,the operational models and existing policies for energy storage participation in the market that are adapted to multiple operating states are summarized.From the point of view of the actual scheduling and operation management of energy storage in China,an energy storage regulation and operation management model based on“national,provincial,and local”multilevel coordination is proposed,as well as key technologies in the interactive scenarios of source-load,network and storage.

量化测试高性能L5-Dispatcher

主要内容是关于HTTPSplicing的性能评测 HTTPSplicing是针对TCPSplicing的缺陷而提出的 ,TCPSplicing现被广泛应用在L5 Dispatcher(即基于内容的Web交换机 )中 测试内容包括开销测试、性能测试、与L4 Dispatcher的对比测试、与TCPSplicing的对比测试和扩展性测试 所获得的结论为 :当尽力 (besteffort)访问 1KB大小的文件时 ,HTTPSplicing的性能要比TCPSplicing至少快 3 5倍 ,而当尽力访问 10KB大小的文件时 ,HTTPSplicing的性能比TCPSplic ing的性能高 2 2 % 当尽力访问 30 7KB大小的文件时 ,HTTPSplicing的一种实现———WebPatcher———的最好性能值为5 5 5 6 8replies/s ,超过了ArrowPoint公司的CS 10 0 (1193replies/s)和Alteon公司的ACEdirector 3(v6 0 2 5 ) (135 6replies/s).

利用Oracle PL/SQL Package实现Dispatcher设计模式

Dispatcher设计模式可以使用各种技术来实现。以社会保险业务处理为基础,有效地利用ORACLEPL/SQLPac-kage语言及支撑环境对面向对象技术的支持,通过定义消息ID、传递消息ID、撰写处理函数、连接消息ID和处理函数来实现Dispatcher设计模式,并且构造出能处理各项社会保险管理业务的Package组件。

利用ORACLE PL/SQL PACKAGE实现DISPATCHER设计模式

以ORACLEPACKAGE语言及支撑环境为基础,有效地利用其对面向对象技术的支持,实现DISPATCHER设计模式。

Pre-recorded instructional audio vs. dispatchers' conversational assistance in telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomized controlled simulation study

BACKGROUND:To assess the effectiveness of the telephone chest-compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)guided by a pre-recorded instructional audio when compared with dispatcher-assisted resuscitation.METHODS:It was a prospective,blind,randomised controlled study involving 109 medical students without previous CPR training.In a standardized mannequin scenario,after the step of dispatcher-assisted cardiac arrest recognition,the participants performed compression-only resuscitation guided over the telephone by either:(1)the pre-recorded instructional audio(n=57);or(2)verbal dispatcher assistance(n=52).The simulation video records were reviewed to assess the CPR performance using a 13-item checklist.The interval from call reception to the first compression,total number and rate of compressions,total number and duration of pauses after the first compression were also recorded.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the recording-assisted and dispatcher-assisted groups based on the overall performance score(5.6±2.2 vs.5.1±1.9,P>0.05)or individual criteria of the CPR performance checklist.The recording-assisted group demonstrated provided(170.2±48.0 vs.156.2±60.7).CONCLUSION:When provided by untrained persons in the simulated settings,the compression-only resuscitation guided by the pre-recorded instructional audio is no less efficient than dispatcher-assisted CPR.Future studies are warranted to further assess feasibility of using instructional audio aid as a potential alternative to dispatcher assistance.

Monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in an open pit based on GIS/GPS/GPRS

Using GIS,GPS and GPRS,an intelligent monitoring and dispatch system of trucks and shovels in an open pit has been designed and developed.The system can monitor and dispatch open-pit trucks and shovels and play back their historical paths.An intelligent data algorithm is proposed in a practical application.The algorithm can count the times of deliveries of trucks and load- ings of shovels.Experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards in open pits.

Parallel Dispatch:A New Paradigm of Electrical Power System Dispatch

Modern power systems are evolving into sociotechnical systems with massive complexity, whose real-time operation and dispatch go beyond human capability. Thus,the need for developing and applying new intelligent power system dispatch tools are of great practical significance. In this paper, we introduce the overall business model of power system dispatch, the top level design approach of an intelligent dispatch system, and the parallel intelligent technology with its dispatch applications. We expect that a new dispatch paradigm,namely the parallel dispatch, can be established by incorporating various intelligent technologies, especially the parallel intelligent technology, to enable secure operation of complex power grids,extend system operators' capabilities, suggest optimal dispatch strategies, and to provide decision-making recommendations according to power system operational goals.

ADMM-based Distributed Algorithm for Economic Dispatch in Power Systems With Both Packet Drops and Communication Delays

By virtue of alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM), Newton-Raphson method, ratio consensus approach and running sum method, two distributed iterative strategies are presented in this paper to address the economic dispatch problem(EDP) in power systems. Different from most of the existing distributed ED approaches which neglect the effects of packet drops or/and time delays, this paper takes into account both packet drops and time delays which frequently occur in communication networks. Moreover, directed and possibly unbalanced graphs are considered in our algorithms, over which many distributed approaches fail to converge. Furthermore, the proposed schemes can address the EDP with local constraints of generators and nonquadratic convex cost functions, not just quadratic ones required in some existing ED approaches. Both theoretical analyses and simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.

Dispatch coordination between high-speed and conventional rail systems

Cross-line trains, as a link between high-speed and conventional rail networks, will increase the complexity of transport organization and lead to significant challenges in dispatch coordination between the two systems. Based on the characteristics of high-speed transport organization, this paper deals with the necessity of dispatch coordination between high-speed and conventional lines from the following two perspectives： the operation of cross-line trains and work coordination in connection stations. An adjustment model for the operation of high-speed trains, taking cross-line trains into account, is established. Finally, the dispatch system is described in terms of construction and process. Methods for organizing dispatch are proposed, and the processes of coordination adjustment under normal and unexpected situations are analyzed. The discussion in this paper may serve as a theoretical basis for the development of high-speed rail dispatch systems.

Optimal dispatching method for integrated energy system based on robust economic model predictive control considering source-load power interval prediction

Effective source-load prediction and reasonable dispatching are crucial to realize the economic and reliable operations of integrated energy systems(IESs).They can overcome the challenges introduced by the uncertainties of new energies and various types of loads in the IES.Accordingly,a robust optimal dispatching method for the IES based on a robust economic model predictive control(REMPC)strategy considering source-load power interval prediction is proposed.First,an operation model of the IES is established,and an interval prediction model based on the bidirectional long short-term memory network optimized by beetle antenna search and bootstrap is formulated and applied to predict the photovoltaic power and the cooling,heating,and electrical loads.Then,an optimal dispatching scheme based on REMPC is devised for the IES.The source-load interval prediction results are used to improve the robustness of the REPMC and reduce the influence of source-load uncertainties on dispatching.An actual IES case is selected to conduct simulations;the results show that compared with other prediction techniques,the proposed method has higher prediction interval coverage probability and prediction interval normalized averaged width.Moreover,the operational cost of the IES is decreased by the REMPC strategy.With the devised dispatching scheme,the ability of the IES to handle the dispatching risk caused by prediction errors is enhanced.Improved dispatching robustness and operational economy are also achieved.

Optimal Dispatching of Large-scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method, is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water supply systems.

A Deadlock-Avoidance Dispatching Method for Multiple-Load AGVs Based Transportation System

In recent years,multiple-load automatic guided vehicle(AGV)is increasingly used in the logistics transportation fields,owing to the advantages of smaller fleet size and fewer occurrences of traffic congestion.However,one main challenge lies in the deadlock-avoidance for the dispatching process of a multiple-load AGV system.To prevent the system from falling into a deadlock,a strategy of keeping the number of jobs in the system(NJIS)at a low level is adopted in most existing literatures.It is noteworthy that a low-level NJIS will make the processing machine easier to be starved,thereby reducing the system efficiency unavoidably.The motivation of the paper is to develop a deadlock-avoidance dispatching method for a multiple-load AGV system operating at a high NJIS level.Firstly,the deadlock-avoidance dispatching method is devised by incorporating a deadlock-avoidance strategy into a dispatching procedure that contains four sub-problems.In this strategy,critical tasks are recognized according to the status of workstation buffers,and then temporarily forbidden to avoid potential deadlocks.Secondly,three multiattribute dispatching rules are designed for system efficiency,where both the traveling distance and the buffer status are taken into account.Finally,a simulation system is developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed deadlock-avoidance strategy and dispatching rules at different NJIS levels.The experimental results demonstrate that our deadlock-avoidance dispatching method can improve the system efficiency at a high NJIS level and the adaptability to various system settings,while still avoiding potential deadlocks.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of Dispatching Policies in Dispatcher-Based Web Server Cluster

There are two kinds of dispatching policies in content-aware web server cluster; segregation dispatching policy and mixture dispatching policy. Traditional scheduling algorithms all adopt mixture dispatching policy. They do not consider that dynamic requests＇ serving has the tendency to slow down static requests＇ serving, and that different requests have different resource demands, so they can not use duster＇s resource reasonably and effectively. This paper uses stochastic reward net （SRN） to model and analyze the two dispatching policies, and uses stochastic Petri net package （SPNP） to simulate the models. The simulation results and practical tests both show that segregation dispatching policy is better than mixture dispatching policy. The principle of segregation dispatching policy can guide us to design efficient scheduling algorithm.

Real-time OHT Dispatching Mechanism for the Interbay Automated Material Handling System with Shortcuts and Bypasses

As a key to improve the performance of the interbay automated material handling system （AMHS） in 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrication system, the real- time overhead hoist transport （OHT） dispatching problem has received much attention. This problem is first formu- lated as a special form of assignment problem and it is proved that more than one solution will be obtained by Hungarian algorithm simultaneously. Through proposing and strictly proving two propositions related to the char- acteristics of these solutions, a modified Hungarian algo- rithm is designed to distinguish these solutions. Finally, a new real-time OHT dispatching method is carefully designed by implementing the solution obtained by the modified Hungarian algorithm. The experimental results of discrete event simulations show that, compared with con- ventional Hungarian algorithm dispatching method, the proposed dispatching method that chooses the solution with the maximum variance respectively reduces on average 4 s of the average waiting time and average lead time of wafer lots, and its performance is rather stable in multiple dif- ferent scenarios of the interbay AMHS with different quantities of shortcuts. This research provides an efficient real-time OHT dispatching mechanism for the interbay AMHS with shortcuts and bypasses.

Performance Modeling and Approximate Analysis of Multiserver Multiqueue Systems with Poisson and Self-similar Arrivals

The problem of state space explosion is still ran outstanding challenge in Markovian performance analysis for multiserver multiqueue (MSMQ) systems. The system behavior of a MSMQ system is described using stochastic high-level Petri net (SHLPN) models, and an approximate performance analysis technique is proposed based on decomposition and refinement methods as well as iteration technique. A real MSMQ system, Web-server cluster, is investigated. The performance of an integrated scheme of request dispatching and scheduling is analyzed with both Poisson and self-similar request arrivals. The study shows that the approximate analysis technique significantly reduces the complexity of the model solution and is also efficient for accuracy of numerical results.

Scenario-oriented hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for robust economic dispatch of power system with wind power

An economic dispatch problem for power system with wind power is discussed.Using discrete scenario to describe uncertain wind powers,a threshold is given to identify bad scenario set.The bad-scenario-set robust economic dispatch model is established to minimize the total penalties on bad scenarios.A specialized hybrid particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm is developed through hybridizing simulated annealing(SA)operators.The SA operators are performed according to a scenario-oriented adaptive search rule in a neighborhood which is constructed based on the unit commitment constraints.Finally,an experiment is conducted.The computational results show that the developed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.

Design and analysis of an electric-locomotive turning system for coal mines

We describe a system for turning the accumulator electric locomotives used in coal mines. This improves transport efficiency and decreases mine construction and production costs. The operating requirements, principles, working features and transmission system are discussed. This system has a simple structure and can be manufactured, transported and assembled easily. It, therefore, can handle accumulator locomotives of middle and small size.