Biochemical dissection of STAT3 signaling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons,clinically marked by muscle atrophy and weakness.Although the clinical course is highly variable,the average time from the onset of symptoms to the need for respiratory support or death is 3-5 years.ALS is the most prevalent motor neuron disease in adults,occurring at a rate of 2 per 100,000 individuals and affecting 5.4 per 100,000 individuals overall.

Exploring non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection:Current treatment optimization and future indication expansion

The increasing popularity of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)as a treatment for early gastric cancer has highlighted the importance of quality assessment in achieving curative resections.This article emphasizes the significance of evaluating ESD quality,not only for curative cases but also for non-curative ones.Postoperative assessment relies on the endoscopic curability(eCura)classification,but management strategies for eCuraC-1 tumour with a positive horizontal margin are unclear.Current research primarily focuses on comparing additional surgical procedures in high-risk patients,while studies specifically targeting eCuraC-1 patients are limited.Exploring management strategies and follow-up outcomes for such cases could provide valuable insights.Furthermore,the application of molecular imaging using near-infrared fluorescent tracers holds promise for precise tumour diagnosis and navigation,potentially impacting the management of early-stage gastric cancer patients.Advancing research in these areas is essential for improving the overall efficacy of endoscopic techniques and refining treatment indications.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in elderly patients

BACKGROUND With advancements in the development of endoscopic technologies,the endo-scopic submucosal dissection(ESD)has been one of the gold-standard therapies for early gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety ESD in the treatment of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in the elderly patients.METHODS Seventy-eight elderly patients with early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University were se-lected and classified into two groups according to the different surgical therapies they received between January 2021 and June 2022.Among them,39 patients treated with ESD were included in an experimental group,and 39 patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)were included in a control group.We compared the basic intraoperative conditions,postoperative short-term recovery,long-term recovery effects and functional status of gastric mucosa between the two groups;the basic intraoperative conditions included lesion resection,intra-operative bleeding and operation time;the postoperative short-term recovery assessment indexes were length of hospital stay and incidence of surgical complic-ations;and the long-term recovery assessment indexes were the recurrence rate at 1 year postoperatively and the survival situation at 1 year and 3 years postoper-atively;and we compared the preoperative and predischarge serum pepsinogen I(PG I)and PG II levels and PG I/PG II ratio in the two groups before surgery and discharge.RESULTS The curative resection rate and the rate of en bloc resection were higher in the experimental group than in the control group.The intraoperative bleeding volume was higher in the experimental group than in the control group.The operation time was longer in the experimental group than that in the control group,and the rate for base residual focus was lower in the experimental group than that of the control group,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05).The length of hospital stay was longer in the experi-mental group than in the control group,and the incidence of surgical complications,1-year postoperative recu-rrence rate and 3-year postoperative survival rate were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).However,the difference in the 1-year postoperative survival rate was not statistically significant between the two groups(P>0.05).Before discharge,PG I and PG I/PG II ratio were elevated in both groups compared with the preoperative period,and the above indexes were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05).Moreover,before discharge,PG II level was lower in both groups compared with the preoperative period,and the level was lower in the experimental group than in the control group,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with EMR,ESD surgery is more thorough.It reduces the rate of base residual focus,recurrence rate,surgical complications,and promotes the recovery of gastric cells and glandular function.It is safe and suitable for clinical application.

Role of second look endoscopy in endoscopic submucosal dissection and peptic ulcer bleeding:Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND Second-look endoscopy(SLE)to prevent recurrent bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer disease(PUD)and those undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is routinely being performed.Conflicting evidence exists regarding efficacy,risk,benefit,and cost-effectiveness.AIM To identify the role and effectiveness of SLE in ESD and PUD,associated rebleeding and PUD-related outcomes like mortality,hospital length of stay,need for endoscopic or surgical intervention and blood transfusions.METHODS A systematic review of literature databases PubMed,Cochrane,and Embase was conducted from inception to January 5,2023.Randomized controlled trials that compared patients with SLE to those who did not have SLE or evaluated the role of prophylactic hemostasis during SLE compared to other conservative interventions were included.The study was conducted per PRISMA guidelines,and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO(ID CRD42023427555:).RevMan was used to perform meta-analysis,and Mantel-Haenszel Odds ratio(OR)were generated using random effect models.RESULTS A total of twelve studies with 2687 patients were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis,of which 1074 patients underwent SLE after ESD and 1613 patients underwent SLE after PUD-related bleeding.In ESD,the rates of rebleeding were 7%in the SLE group compared to 4.4%in the non-SLE group with OR 1.65,95%confidence intervals(CI)of 0.96 to 2.85;P=0.07,whereas it was 11%in the SLE group compared to 13%in the non-SLE group with OR 0.895%CI:0.50 to 1.29;P=0.36.The mean difference in the blood transfusion rates in the SLE and no SLE group in PUD was OR 0.01,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.25;P=0.91.In SLE vs non-SLE groups with PUD,the OR for Endoscopic intervention was 0.29,95%CI:0.08 to 1.00;P=0.05 while it was OR 2.03,95%CI:0.95 to 4.33;P=0.07,for surgical intervention.The mean difference in the hospital length of stay was-3.57 d between the SLE and no SLE groups in PUD with 95%CI:-7.84 to 0.69;P=0.10,denoting an average of approximately 3 fewer days of hospital stay among patients with PUD who underwent SLE.For mortality between SLE and non-SLE groups in PUD,the OR was 0.88,95%CI:0.45 to 1.72;P=0.70.CONCLUSION SLE does not confer any benefit in preventing ESD and PUD-associated rebleeding.SLE also does not provide any significant improvement in mortality,need for interventions,or blood transfusions in PUD patients.SLE decreases the hospital length of stay on average by 3.5 d in PUD patients.

Intravascular photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging dual-mode system for detecting spontaneous coronary artery dissection: A feasibility study

In this work,we present an intravascular dual-mode endoscopic system capable of both intravascular photoacoustic imaging(IVPAI)and intravascular optical coherence tomography(IVOCT)for recognizing spontaneous coronary artery dissection(SCAD)phantoms.IVPAI provides high-resolution and high-penetration images of intramural hematoma(IMH)at different depths,so it is especially useful for imaging deep blood clots associated with imaging phantoms.IVOCT can readily visualize the double-lumen morphology of blood vessel walls to identify intimal tears.We also demonstrate the capability of this dual-mode endoscopic system using mimicking phantoms and biological samples of blood clots in ex vivo porcine arteries.The results of the experiments indicate that the combined IVPAI and IVOCT technique has the potential to provide a more accurate SCAD assessment method for clinical applications.

Application of multi-planar reconstruction technique in endovascular repair of aortic dissection

BACKGROUND Endovascular repair of aortic dissection is an effective method commonly used in the treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissection.Stent placement during the operation was one-time and could not be repeatedly adjusted during the operation.Therefore,it is of great significance for cardiovascular physicians to fully understand the branch status,position,angle,and other information regarding aortic arch dissection before surgery.AIM To provide more references for clinical cardiovascular physicians to develop treatment plans.METHODS Data from 153 patients who underwent endovascular repair of aortic dissection at our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected.All patients underwent multi-slice spiral computed tomography angiography.Based on distinct post-image processing techniques,the patients were categorized into three groups:Multiplanar reconstruction(MPR)(n=55),volume reconstruction(VR)(n=46),and maximum intensity projection(MIP)(n=52).The detection rate of aortic rupture,accuracy of the DeBakey classification,rotation,and tilt angles of the C-arm during the procedure,dispersion after stent release,and the incidence of late complications were recorded and compared.RESULTS The detection rates of interlayer rupture in the MPR and VR groups were significantly higher than that in the MIP group(P<0.05).The detection rates of De-Bakey subtypesⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢin the MPR group were higher than those in the MIP group,and the detection rate of typeⅢin the MPR group was significantly higher than that in the VR group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of typesⅠandⅡcompared to the VR group(P>0.05).The scatter rate of markers and the incidence of complications in the MPR group were significantly lower than those in the VR and MIP groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The application of MPR in the endovascular repair of aortic dissection has improved the detection rate of dissection rupture,the accuracy of anatomical classification,and safety.

Comparative efficacy and safety between endoscopic submucosal dissection,surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and surgical resection are the standard of care for cT1N0M0 esophageal cancer(EC),whereas definitive chemoradiotherapy(d-CRT)is a treatment option.Nevertheless,the comparative efficiency and safety of ESD,surgery and d-CRT for cT1N0M0 EC remain unclear.AIM To compare the efficiency and safety of ESD,surgery and d-CRT for cT1N0M0 EC.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the hospitalized data of a total of 472 consecutive patients with cT1N0M0 EC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center between 2017-2019 and followed up until October 30th,2022.We analyzed demographic,medical recorded,histopathologic characteristics,imaging and endoscopic,and follow-up data.The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to analyze the difference of survival outcome by treatments.Inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)was used to minimize potential confounding factors.RESULTS We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent ESD(n=99)or surgery(n=220)or d-CRT(n=16)at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from 2017 to 2019.The median follow-up time for the ESD group,the surgery group,and the d-CRT group was 42.0 mo(95%CI:35.0-60.2),45.0 mo(95%CI:34.0-61.75)and 32.5 mo(95%CI:28.3-40.0),respectively.After adjusting for background factors using IPTW,the highest 3-year overall survival(OS)rate and 3-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rate were observed in the ESD group(3-year OS:99.7% and 94.7% and 79.1%;and 3-year RFS:98.3%,87.4% and 79.1%,in the ESD,surgical,and d-CRT groups,respectively).There was no difference of severe complications occurring between the three groups(P≥0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that treatment method,histology and depth of infiltration were independently associated with OS and RFS.CONCLUSION For cT1N0M0 EC,ESD had better long-term survival and lower hospitalization costs than those who underwent d-CRT and surgery,with a similar rate of severe complications occurring.

Beyond the Usual Suspects (Aortic Dissection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease)

A comprehensive differential diagnosis is essential in the emergency department, even when patient presentations are atypical. Timely recognition of life-threatening conditions, such as aortic dissection, hinges on this critical diagnostic approach.

Robotic-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for stage II testicular cancer

Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our institution.Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological outcomes.Descriptive statistics are presented.Results:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior chemotherapy.The median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)min.Median blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)mL.Median length of stay was 2(range 1-11)days.All robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day 3.The median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)nodes.All patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory function.One patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had recurrences.Conclusion:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low morbidity.Early oncological outcomes are promising.Larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.

Clinical application of eight-zone laparoscopic dissection strategy for rectal cancer:Experience and discussion

BACKGROUND The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing worldwide,and surgery remains the primary treatment modality.With the advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)technique,the probability of tumor recurrence post-surgery has significantly decreased.Surgeons'focus has gradually shifted towards minimizing the impact of surgery on urinary and sexual functions.Among these concerns,the optimal dissection of the rectal lateral ligaments and preservation of the pelvic floor neuro-vascular bundle have become critical.To explore the optimal surgical technique for TME and establish a standardized surgical protocol to minimize the impact on urinary and sexual functions,we propose the eight-zone dissection strategy for pelvic floor anatomy.AIM To compare the differences in surgical specimen integrity and postoperative quality of life satisfaction between the traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy and the innovative eight-zone dissection strategy.METHODS We analyzed the perioperative data of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 1,2021 and December 1,2023.This study included a total of 218 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer,among whom 109 patients underwent traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy,and 109 patients received the eight-zone dissection strategy.RESULTS There were no significant differences in general characteristics between the two groups.Patients in the eight-zone dissection group had higher postoperative specimen integrity(88.1%vs 78.0%,P=0.047).At the 3-month followup,patients in the eight-zone surgery group had better scores in urinary issues(6.8±3.3 vs 5.3±2.5,P=0.045)and male sexual desire(2.2±0.6 vs 2.5±0.5,P=0.047)compared to the traditional surgery strategy group.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the eight-zone dissection strategy for laparoscopic lateral ligament dissection of rectal cancer is safe and effective.Compared with the traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy,this approach can reduce the risk of nerve injury and minimize the impact on urinary and sexual functions.Therefore,we recommend the clinical application of this strategy to better serve patients with rectal cancer.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs transanal endoscopic surgery for rectal tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)and transanal endoscopic submucosal dissection(TES)are widely employed surgical techniques.However,the comparative efficacy and safety of both remain inconclusive.AIM To comprehensively analyze and discern differences in surgical outcomes between ESD and TES.METHODS We conducted a systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Scopus,and CINAHL from inception till August 2023.We analyzed outcomes including recurrence rate,en bloc resection,R0 resection rate,perforation rate,procedure length,and hospital stay length applying a random-effects inverse-variance model.We assessed publication bias by conducting an Egger’s regression test and sensitivity analyses.RESULTS We pooled data from 11 studies involving 1013 participants.We found similar recurrence rates,with a pooled odds ratio of 0.545(95%CI:0.176-1.687).En bloc resection,R0 resection,and perforation rate values were also similar for both ESD and TES.The pooled analysis for procedure length indicated a mean difference of-4.19 min(95%CI:-22.73 to 14.35),and the hospital stay was on average shorter for ESDs by about 0.789 days(95%CI:-1.671 to 0.093).CONCLUSION Both ESD and TES displayed similar efficacy and safety profiles across multiple outcomes.Our findings show that individualized patient and surgeon preferences,alongside specific clinical contexts,can be considered when selecting between these two techniques.

Cases Report of Atypical Aortic Dissection

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the common causes of fatal chest pain in emergency medicine. The main and most common clinical manifestation is pain, with about 90% of patients experiencing sudden persistent, tearing or cutting-like pain in the chest or back. However, there have also been reports of myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, syncope, shock, stroke, paraplegia and other cases. Clinical misdiagnosis is common. Aim: Alert clinicians to aortic dissection with shock and chest tightness as the main clinical presentations. Case Presentation: Report on two cases of aortic dissection with syncope and shock as the main manifestations. Conclusion: Aortic dissection is a highly dangerous cardiovascular emergency with a high mortality rate. In clinical practice, awareness of the clinical manifestations of aortic dissection should be increased. Careful inquiry about medical history, attention to atypical clinical presentations of aortic dissection, thorough physical examination, and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation can improve the success rate of diagnosing aortic dissection.

Multi-modal imaging for the diagnosis of spontaneous visceral artery dissection:A case report

BACKGROUND Spontaneous visceral artery dissection(SVAD)is a rare condition that affects the visceral arteries,such as the celiac,superior mesenteric,and inferior mesenteric arteries,without involving the aorta.Organ ischemia or hemorrhage from vessel rupture can occur in SVAD;therefore,prompt detection and management is essential.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT)has been used to diagnose most of the previous cases,but few studies have explored the potential of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)for early detection of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male presented with complaints of poor appetite and abnormal liver function for the past 6 months.He had previously undergone transabdominal splenectomy,esophagogastric devascularization,and cholecystectomy for gallstones and severe portal hypertension.Liver ultrasound was performed in our department to assess liver status.An abnormal hepatic artery spectrum was observed,and dissection involving both the celiac artery and the common hepatic artery was observed.A CEUS was then performed and clearly showed the entry site of the intimal tear and the false lumen,and dissection was subsequently confirmed by CECT.The patient was asymptomatic;therefore,treatment to control the blood pressure was provided,and follow-up was recommended.After 6 months of follow-up,the celiac artery was found to be dilated with an adherent thrombus visible in the wall,and the common hepatic artery was occluded with the presence of collateralization.Despite these findings,no significant changes in liver function were observed.CONCLUSION Multi-modal imaging is effective in diagnosing SVAD,and conservative treatment is a choice for asymptomatic patients.

Impact of D-dimer on in-hospital mortality following aortic dissection:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The utility of D-dimer(DD)as a biomarker for acute aortic dissection(AD)is recognized.Yet,its predictive value for in-hospital mortality remains uncertain and subject to conflicting evidence.AIM To conduct a meta-analysis of AD-related in-hospital mortality(ADIM)with elevated DD levels.METHODS We searched PubMed,Scopus,Embase,and Google Scholar for AD and ADIM literature through May 2022.Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and effect size(hazard or odds ratio)analysis with random-effects models.Sample size,study type,and patients’mean age were used for subgroup analysis.The significance threshold was P<0.05.RESULTS Thirteen studies(3628 patients)were included in our study.The pooled prevalence of ADIM was 20%(95%CI:15%-25%).Despite comparable demographic characteristics and comorbidities,elevated DD values were associated with higher ADIM risk(unadjusted effect size:1.94,95%CI:1.34-2.8;adjusted effect size:1.12,95%CI:1.05-1.19,P<0.01).Studies involving patients with a mean age of<60 years exhibited an increased mortality risk(effect size:1.43,95%CI:1.23-1.67,P<0.01),whereas no significant difference was observed in studies with a mean age>60 years.Prospective and larger sample size studies(n>250)demonstrated a heightened likelihood of ADIM associated with elevated DD levels(effect size:2.57,95%CI:1.30-5.08,P<0.01 vs effect size:1.05,95%CI:1.00-1.11,P=0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows elevated DD increases in-hospital mortality risk in AD patients,highlighting the need for larger,prospective studies to improve risk prediction models.

Vertebral Artery Stenting for Acute Multiple Cerebral Infarctions Caused by Vertebral Artery Dissection After Massage:A Case Report

Vertebral artery dissection is a rare pathology that can cause ischemic stroke in young people.Cervical massage,especially improper pulling manipulation,is a cause of vertebral artery dissection.We present a case of 32-year old woman who developed acute multiple posterior circulation ischemic cerebral infarctions as a result of left vertebral artery V4 segment dissection after receiving neck massage.She underwent emergency vertebral artery stent implantation at the site of the dissection.Symptoms were relieved the day after treatment.The patient recovered without adverse complications or endovascular restenosis in the following year.

Opinions of Students on the Contribution of the DIVA 3D Virtual Dissection Table to the Teaching of Anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako

Objective: Study the contribution of the DIVA 3D dissection table in the teaching of anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine and Odontology of Bamako. Material and Methods: This was a qualitative study carried out from November 1 to December 30, 2023 at the clinical and morphological anatomy laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology of Bamako. Included in this study were students who participated in practical and tutorial sessions. The variables studied during this study were: the previous performance of dissection on a cadaver by the students, the opinion of the students on dissection on a cadaver, the replacement of dissection on a cadaver by virtual dissection in the absence of a body, the level student satisfaction. Results: We surveyed 130 participants. The average age was 22 ± 0.2 years with extremes of 17 and 29 years. 95.3% of participants were students. According to 66.7% of participants, virtual dissection is a good palliative in the absence of a corpse. 95.3% of participants found using the virtual dissection table easy with an average of 7.88 ± 1.4. The overall assessment was well rated by 99.3% of participants. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the virtual dissection table should be improved by integrating commented videos. The use of the DIVA 3D virtual dissection table during practical and tutorial sessions is well appreciated by the students. We believe that the teaching of anatomy using 3D digital technology should be included in the study programs of the Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection for esophageal and gastric lesions:A comparison of procedures

Objective Esophageal and gastric lesions are effectively managed with minimally invasive upper endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),offering patients alternatives to invasive interventions.While ESD is well established in Eastern Asia,its adoption in Denmark for superficial esophageal cancer is recent.This study presents real-world data on the feasibility,safety,and hospitalization duration associated with ESD and EMR for esophageal and gastric lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ESD or EMR at a specialized center in Denmark from October 2016 to June 2022.Data on treatment,indication,lesion location,hospitalization duration,procedure duration,specimen size,complications,recurrence,and one-year overall survival were collected.Statistical comparisons utilized the Mann-Whitney U test,independent sample median test,and chi-squared test.Results The study included 130 patients(144 procedures):72 underwent ESD and 58 underwent EMR.Compared with EMR,ESD resulted in greater percentages of en bloc and R0 resections(98.8%vs.64.1%,p<0.001;and 83.9%vs.23.8%,p<0.001),greater complication rates(28.7%vs.3.1%,p<0.001)and longer procedure times(119.5 min vs.37.0 min,p<0.001).The ESD procedure time significantly decreased over time(p=0.01).The local recurrence rates were 14.5%for ESD and 23.8%for EMR(p=0.767).The one-year overall survival rates were similar between the groups(95.8%vs.94.8%,p=0.553).Conclusion Both ESD and EMR are safe and viable for treating esophageal and gastric lesions.ESD offers advantages but requires more time and skill.These findings support the literature,emphasizing the importance of considering patient-specific factors and surgeon proficiency in selecting the appropriate procedure.

Early gastric cancer recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection:Not to be ignored!

This editorial comments on the article“Efficacy of multi-slice spiral computed tomography in evaluating gastric cancer recurrence after endoscopic submucosal dissection”.We focus on the importance of paying more attention to postendoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)gastric cancer recurrence in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC)and how to manage it effectively.ESD has been a wellknown treatment and the mainstay for EGC,with the advantages of less invasion and fewer complications when compared with traditional surgical procedures.Despite a lower local recurrence rate after ESD,the problem of postoperative recurrence in patients with EGC has become increasingly non-ignorable with the global popularization of ESD technology and the increasing number of post-ESD patients.

Effects of integrated management on surgical outcomes and mental health of patients following endoscopic submucosal dissection

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)is a less invasive local treatment for diseases throughout the gastrointestinal tract.AIM To develop an integrated management protocol and analyze its effects on surgical outcomes and mental health of patients after ESD.METHODS The study population consisted of patients undergoing ESD before implementation of integrated management and those undergoing ESD by the same pool of surgeons after implementation of integrated management.RESULTS The management group exhibited shortened fasting time and length of hospital stay compared to the control group(P<0.05).The management group exhibited a higher incidence rate of postoperative complications than the control group(3 cases vs 11 cases;P=0.043).The management group exhibited a lower uncertainty score for disease knowledge compared to the control group 12 h after surgery(P<0.05).The management group gave more scores on the domains of patient familiarity to the responsible nurses,professional skills of responsible nurses,and general evaluation compared to the control group.The management group had a higher total score of patient satisfaction towards the responsible nurses in term of health care than the control group(P<0.01).The management group exhibited lower Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores compared to the control group 12 h after surgery(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that integrated management could improve surgical outcomes and mental health of patients undergoing ESD.

Factors affecting land dissection density in geomorphological regions of China

Land dissection density(LDD)provides morphological evidence regarding prior intense soil erosion and quantifies the distribution of land dissections.A comprehensive understanding of the potential factors influencing the spatial pattern and value of the LDD is vital in geological disasters,soil erosion,and other related domains.Land dissection phenomena in China affects large areas with different morphological,pedological,and climatic characteristics.Prior studies have focused on the potential factors influencing the LDD at a watershed scale.However,these results are insufficient to reflect the status quo of dissection development and its primary influencing factors on a national scale.LDD’s spatial patterns and the dominant factors at a regional scale in millions of square kilometers remain to be ascertained.This study used the geomorphon-based method and the geographical detector model to quantify the spatial pattern of LDD over China and identify the dominant factors affecting this pattern in China’s six first-order geomorphological regions(GR1~GR6).The results yield the following findings:(1)LDD in China ranges from 0~4.55 km/km^(2),which is larger in central and eastern regions than in other regions of China;(2)dominant factors and their dominant risk subcategories vary with each geomorphological region’s primary internal and external forces;(3)the influence of natural factors is more significant on the large regional scale in millions of square kilometers compared to anthropogenic factors;relief degree of land surface(RDLS)is dominant in GR1,GR2,and GR5;the slope is dominant in GR6,soil type is dominant in GR3 and GR4,and lithology plays a critical role in the dominant interactions of GR3,GR4,and GR6;(4)the interactions between factors on LDD’s spatial pattern have a more significant effect than individual factors.