基于PSD特征的FBCCA脑电信号识别方法

当前基于稳态视觉诱发电位(steady-state visual evoked potential,SSVEP)的脑机接口(brain-computer interfaces,BCIs)使用的都是单一识别算法,针对不同时间长度的识别准确率较低。提出了一种基于滤波器组的典型相关分析(filter bank canonical correlation analysis,FBCCA)与功率谱密度(power spectral density,PSD)分析相结合的SSVEP识别算法,可以提高SSVEP识别的普适性与准确率。该方法使用FBCCA寻找高相似度的参考频率信号,再通过多组PSD分析来锁定最终的响应频率,完成频率识别。该方法无需经过训练就能得到较高的识别准确率。实验结果表明:在刺激时长为1 s时,该方法能达到86.61%的准确率,比PSD分析方法提升了5.44%,比典型相关性分析方法(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)提升了10.38%的准确率,比FBCCA提升了8.86%的准确率。

基于激光PSD的导轨直线度测量研究

针对航天型号导轨装配时直线度测量存在受导轨结构特征、导轨长度、装配位置等条件限制导致的测量效率问题,对基于激光PSD(Position Sensitive Detector,位置敏感器件)的导轨直线度测量方法进行了研究,设计了由PSD接收器、测距模块、信号处理单元及运动单元组成的自动化测量系统,使用激光跟踪仪作为标准器对系统的测量精度进行验证,测量精度优于±0.1 mm,测量效率提高5倍,经软硬件适用性改造后,亦可适用于多种大型导轨的空间直线度、宽度等尺寸测量。

Extended wet sieving method for determination of complete particle size distribution of general soils

The traditional standard wet sieving method uses steel sieves with aperture?0.063 mm and can only determine the particle size distribution(PSD)of gravel and sand in general soil.This paper extends the traditional method and presents an extended wet sieving method.The extended method uses both the steel sieves and the nylon filter cloth sieves.The apertures of the cloth sieves are smaller than 0.063 mm and equal 0.048 mm,0.038 mm,0.014 mm,0.012 mm,0.0063 mm,0.004 mm,0.003 mm,0.002 mm,and 0.001 mm,respectively.The extended method uses five steps to separate the general soil into many material sub-groups of gravel,sand,silt and clay with known particle size ranges.The complete PSD of the general soil is then calculated from the dry masses of the individual material sub-groups.The extended method is demonstrated with a general soil of completely decomposed granite(CDG)in Hong Kong,China.The silt and clay materials with different particle size ranges are further examined,checked and verified using stereomicroscopic observation,physical and chemical property tests.The results further confirm the correctness of the extended wet sieving method.

基于PSD的火炮身管膛线精度测量数据补偿方法

针对火炮身管内部膛线测量技术及自动检测问题,提出一种精度测量数据补偿方法。搭建火炮内膛检测机器人测量系统。采用激光测距仪对火炮身管阴阳线内径进行测量,使用PSD激光位置传感器对火炮身管轴线与测量系统轴线的偏心距离进行测量,分析检测误差产生的原因,推导基于矢量三角法的测量数据精度补偿算法和误差补偿计算公式,通过补偿前后数据的对比分析,结果表明:该测量补偿方法是有效的,能够解决火炮内膛轴线与机器人旋转中心不重合产生误差的问题。

基于PSD传感器的炸点三维坐标测量方法研究

针对野外炸点空间三维坐标测量的问题,提出了基于二维PSD位置传感器的炸点位置测量方法,构建了基于二维PSD位置传感器的炸点三维坐标测量系统;基于双目视觉原理建立了炸点空间三维坐标测量数学模型;研究了被动探测系统在野外远距离下的标定技术;通过系统误差分解传递,分析了各参数的误差;在Matlab中分别绘制了炸点位置坐标3个维度的误差分布图,并分析了测量系统误差随炸点实际位置变化的分布情况;根据误差分布图得到了在理论100 m测试距离下X坐标最大测量误差约为0.292~0.303 m,Y坐标最大测量误差约为0.251~0.371 m,Z坐标最大测量误差0.270~0.336 m;最后通过静爆实验对测量方法正确性、被动探测系统标定技术可行性和测量系统功能性进行了验证,结果表明测量系统响应速度快且功能正常,被动探测系统标定技术具备可行性且操作方便,可适用于野外炸点位置的快速测量。

基于ZigBee网络和自适应PSD算法的路灯分布式节能控制方法

当前照明系统缺乏分布式路灯动态化控制,浪费大量能源,为此,提出了基于ZigBee网络和自适应PSD算法的路灯分布式节能控制方法。通过ZigBee网络通信连接系统传感器、控制中心和照明终端,协调设备通信功能,实现信息快速传输储存。利用神经网络处理信号数据,提高系统信号检测和处理效率。在此基础上,利用自适应PSD算法识别路灯信号动态特征,进行自适应信号检测,调节信号数据偏差,精确检测数据结果,增强系统节能控制稳定程度,实现路灯分布式节能控制。由实验结果可知,研究方法将分布式路灯检测精准度提高到99%,熔池宽度稳定在3.5W/mm,具有良好的检测精准度和控制稳定性,可以对路灯进行节能控制。

Spatial distribution of shallow landslides caused by Typhoon Lekima in 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China

In recent years, the coastal region of Southeast China has witnessed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events associated with landfalling typhoons. The hilly and mountainous terrain of this area, combined with rapid rainfall accumulation, has led to a surge in flash floods and severe geological hazards. On August 10, 2019, Typhoon Lekima made landfall in Zhejiang Province, China, and its torrential rainfall triggered extensive landslides, resulting in substantial damage and economic losses. Utilizing high-resolution satellite images, we compiled a landslide inventory of the affected area, which comprises a total of 2,774 rainfallinduced landslides over an area of 2965 km2. The majority of these landslides were small to mediumsized and exhibited elongated, clustered patterns. Some landslides displayed characteristics of high-level initiation, obstructing or partially blocking rivers, leading to the formation of debris dams. We used the inventory to analyze the distribution pattern of the landslides and their relationship with topographical, geological, and hydrological factors. The results showed that landslide abundance was closely related to elevation, slope angle, faults, and road density. The landslides were predominantly located in hilly and low mountainous areas, with elevations ranging from 150 to 300 m, slopes of 20 to 30 degrees, and a NE-SE aspect. Notably, we observed the highest Landslide Number Density(LND) and Landslide Area Percentage(LAP) in the rhyolite region. Landslides were concentrated within approximately 4 km on either side of fault zones, with their size and frequency negatively correlated with distances to faults, roads, and river systems. Furthermore, under the influence of typhoons, regions with denser vegetation cover exhibited higher landslide density, reaching maximum values in shrubland areas. In areas experiencing significantly increased concentrated rainfall, landslide density also showed a corresponding rise. In terms of spatial distribution, the rainfall-triggered landslides primarily occurred in the northeastern part of the study area, particularly in regions characterized by complex topography such as Shanzao Village in Yantan Town, Xixia Township, and Shangzhang Township. The research findings offer crucial data on the rainfallinduced landslides triggered by Typhoon Lekima, shedding light on their spatial distribution patterns. These findings provide valuable references for mitigating risks and planning reconstruction in typhoon-affected area.

FPGA-based position reconstruction method for neutron beam flux spatial distribution measurement in BNCT

A new measurement method for the spatial distribution of neutron beam flux in boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)is being developed based on the two-dimensional Micromegas detector.To address the issue of long processing times in traditional offline position reconstruction methods,this paper proposes a field programmable gate array based online position reconstruction method utilizing the micro-time projection chamber principle.This method encapsulates key technical aspects:a self-adaptive serial link technique built upon the dynamical adjustment of the delay chain length,fast sorting,a coordinate-matching technique based on the mapping between signal timestamps and random access memory(RAM)addresses,and a precise start point-merging technique utilizing a circular combined RAM.The performance test of the selfadaptive serial link shows that the bit error rate of the link is better than 10-12 at a confidence level of 99%,ensuring reliable data transmission.The experiment utilizing the readout electronics and Micromegas detector shows a spatial resolution of approximately 1.4 mm,surpassing the current method’s resolution level of 5 mm.The beam experiment confirms that the readout electronics system can obtain the flux spatial distribution of neutron beams online,thus validating the feasibility of the position reconstruction method.The online position reconstruction method avoids traditional methods,such as bubble sorting and traversal searching,simplifies the design of the logic firmware,and reduces the time complexity from O(n2)to O(n).This study contributes to the advancement in measuring neutron beam flux for BNCT.

Federated Learning Model for Auto Insurance Rate Setting Based on Tweedie Distribution

In the assessment of car insurance claims,the claim rate for car insurance presents a highly skewed probability distribution,which is typically modeled using Tweedie distribution.The traditional approach to obtaining the Tweedie regression model involves training on a centralized dataset,when the data is provided by multiple parties,training a privacy-preserving Tweedie regression model without exchanging raw data becomes a challenge.To address this issue,this study introduces a novel vertical federated learning-based Tweedie regression algorithm for multi-party auto insurance rate setting in data silos.The algorithm can keep sensitive data locally and uses privacy-preserving techniques to achieve intersection operations between the two parties holding the data.After determining which entities are shared,the participants train the model locally using the shared entity data to obtain the local generalized linear model intermediate parameters.The homomorphic encryption algorithms are introduced to interact with and update the model intermediate parameters to collaboratively complete the joint training of the car insurance rate-setting model.Performance tests on two publicly available datasets show that the proposed federated Tweedie regression algorithm can effectively generate Tweedie regression models that leverage the value of data fromboth partieswithout exchanging data.The assessment results of the scheme approach those of the Tweedie regressionmodel learned fromcentralized data,and outperformthe Tweedie regressionmodel learned independently by a single party.

Predicting the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property based on microscale rock mechanical experiments and accurate grain-based modeling

The exploration of Mars would heavily rely on Martian rocks mechanics and engineering technology.As the mechanical property of Martian rocks is uncertain,it is of utmost importance to predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property for the success of Mars exploration.In this paper,a fast and accurate probability distribution method for predicting the macroscale elastic modulus of Martian rocks was proposed by integrating the microscale rock mechanical experiments(micro-RME),accurate grain-based modeling(AGBM)and upscaling methods based on reliability principles.Firstly,the microstructure of NWA12564 Martian sample and elastic modulus of each mineral were obtained by micro-RME with TESCAN integrated mineral analyzer(TIMA)and nanoindentation.The best probability distribution function of the minerals was determined by Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)test.Secondly,based on best distribution function of each mineral,the Monte Carlo simulations(MCS)and upscaling methods were implemented to obtain the probability distribution of upscaled elastic modulus.Thirdly,the correlation between the upscaled elastic modulus and macroscale elastic modulus obtained by AGBM was established.The accurate probability distribution of the macroscale elastic modulus was obtained by this correlation relationship.The proposed method can predict the probability distribution of Martian rocks mechanical property with any size and shape samples.

Synergetic optimization operation method for distribution network based on SOP and PV

The integration of distributed generation brings in new challenges for the operation of distribution networks,including out-of-limit voltage and power flow control.Soft open points(SOP)are new power electronic devices that can flexibly control active and reactive power flows.With the exception of active power output,photovoltaic(PV)devices can provide reactive power compensation through an inverter.Thus,a synergetic optimization operation method for SOP and PV in a distribution network is proposed.A synergetic optimization model was developed.The voltage deviation,network loss,and ratio of photovoltaic abandonment were selected as the objective functions.The PV model was improved by considering the three reactive power output modes of the PV inverter.Both the load fluctuation and loss of the SOP were considered.Three multi-objective optimization algorithms were used,and a compromise optimal solution was calculated.Case studies were conducted using an IEEE 33-node system.The simulation results indicated that the SOP and PVs complemented each other in terms of active power transmission and reactive power compensation.Synergetic optimization improves power control capability and flexibility,providing better power quality and PV consumption rate.

Coseismic deformation and fault slip distribution of the 2023 M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 earthquakes in Türkiye

On February 6,2023,a devastating earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.8 struck the town of Pazarcik in south-central Türkiye,followed by another powerful earthquake with a moment magnitude of M_(W)7.6 that struck the nearby city of Elbistan 9 h later.To study the characteristics of surface deformation caused by this event and the influence of fault rupture,this study calculated the static coseismic deformation of 56 stations and dynamic displacement waveforms of 15 stations using data from the Turkish national fixed global navigation satellite system(GNSS)network.A maximum static coseismic displacement of 0.38 m for the M_(W)7.8 Kahramanmaras earthquake was observed at station ANTE,36 km from the epicenter,and a maximum dynamic coseismic displacement of 4.4 m for the M_(W)7.6 Elbistan earthquake was observed at station EKZ1,5 km from the epicenter.The rupture-slip distributions of the two earthquakes were inverted using GNSS coseismic deformation as a constraint.The results showed that the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture segment was distinct and exposed on the ground,resulting in significant rupture slip along the Amanos and Pazarcik fault segments of the East Anatolian Fault.The maximum slip in the Pazarcik fault segment was 10.7 m,and rupture occurred at depths of 0–15 km.In the Cardak fault region,the Elbistan earthquake caused significant ruptures at depths of 0–12 km,with the largest amount of slip reaching 11.6 m.The Coulomb stress change caused by the Kahramanmaras earthquake rupture along the Cardak fault segment was approximately 2 bars,and the area of increased Coulomb stress corresponded to the subsequent rupture region of the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Thus,it is likely that the M_(W)7.8 earthquake triggered or promoted the M_(W)7.6 earthquake.Based on the cumulative stress impact of the M_(W)7.8 and M_(W)7.6 events,the southwestern segment of the East Anatolian Fault,specifically the Amanos fault segment,experienced a Coulomb rupture stress change exceeding 2 bars,warranting further attention to assess its future seismic hazard risk.

Integrative biogeography: Validating hypotheses of species distribution

DEAR EDITOR,Biogeography is a scientific field dedicated to the investigation of the origins and distribution patterns of organisms,as well as predicting future alterations in their geographical distributions(Cox&Moore,2005).However,the majority of conclusions drawn within the field of biogeography are hypothetical.Rigorous testing of these biogeographic hypotheses remains a considerable challenge.This paper presents the concept of“integrative biogeography”,which emphasizes the experimental testing of biogeographic hypotheses through studies on geological history,as well as biotic and abiotic factors(Figure 1).

Hydrocarbon accumulation and orderly distribution of whole petroleum system in marine carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements,especially the source rock.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of each whole petroleum system are analyzed,the patterns of integrated conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are summarized,and the favorable exploration targets are proposed.Under the control of multiple extensional-convergent tectonic cycles,the marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin contain three sets of regional source rocks and three sets of regional cap rocks,and can be divided into the Cambrian,Silurian and Permian whole petroleum systems.These whole petroleum systems present mainly independent hydrocarbon accumulation,containing natural gas of affinity individually.Locally,large fault zones run through multiple whole petroleum systems,forming a fault-controlled complex whole petroleum system.The hydrocarbon accumulation sequence of continental shelf facies shale gas accumulation,marginal platform facies-controlled gas reservoirs,and intra-platform fault-and facies-controlled gas reservoirs is common in the whole petroleum system,with a stereoscopic accumulation and orderly distribution pattern.High-quality source rock is fundamental to the formation of large gas fields,and natural gas in a whole petroleum system is generally enriched near and within the source rocks.The development and maintenance of large-scale reservoirs are essential for natural gas enrichment,multiple sources,oil and gas transformation,and dynamic adjustment are the characteristics of marine petroleum accumulation,and good preservation conditions are critical to natural gas accumulation.Large-scale marginal-platform reef-bank facies zones,deep shale gas,and large-scale lithological complexes related to source-connected faults are future marine hydrocarbon exploration targets in the Sichuan Basin.

单激光双PSD深孔直线度检测系统设计

针对深孔类零件直线度检测过程中因激光倾斜而引入位置测量误差的问题,设计了一种新型单激光双PSD深孔直线度检测系统。通过双PSD检测模块实现了光斑位置和倾斜角度的同时测量,建立了相应的角度误差修正数学模型和最小二乘法直线度评定算法,提升了深孔零件直线度的检测精度。实验证明,本直线度检测系统的重复性误差小于0.0033mm;使用三坐标测量机标定该直线度检测系统的检测精度可达0.003/400mm;测量1m深孔零件时,6次测量结果的最大偏差为0.0133mm,样本标准差最大值为0.0063mm。

运动对孤独症谱系障碍大鼠内侧前额叶皮层树突棘重塑的影响及MARK1/MAP1A/PSD-95通路的作用

目的:探讨游泳结合转轮跑步运动干预对丙戊酸(valproic acid,VPA)诱导的孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)大鼠内侧前额叶皮层树突棘结构重塑的影响,以及微管亲和力调节激酶1(microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1,MARK1)、微管相关蛋白1A(microtubule-associated protein 1A,MAP1A)和突触后致密蛋白95(postsynaptic density protein-95,PSD-95)的作用。方法:通过妊娠期VPA或生理盐水暴露的方法收集雄性子代制备ASD模型大鼠及对照大鼠,随机分为运动组和静置组,每组9~11只。采用三箱社交实验评价运动对ASD大鼠社交行为的影响,荧光示踪病毒局部感染观察内侧前额叶皮层亚区边缘前皮层(prelimbic cortex,PrL)和边缘下皮层(infralimbic cortex,IL)树突棘密度和形态,Western blot检测PSD-95和突触小泡蛋白(synaptophysin,Syn)蛋白表达,RNA原位杂交检测MARK1、MAP1A和PSD-95阳性颗粒数及共定位情况。结果:与对照组相比,ASD模型组大鼠社交行为存在缺陷,表现为在陌生大鼠箱体的活动时间、嗅探陌生大鼠的时间和频率均显著减少(P<0.05);经过运动干预后ASD大鼠的社交行为显著改善。树突棘形态观察发现ASD大鼠PrL区而不是IL区总树突棘密度显著增加,主要表现为蘑菇型和短粗型树突棘密度增加(P<0.05);运动干预能有效改善树突棘异常重塑。Western blot发现运动干预能有效逆转ASD大鼠PrL区的PSD-95蛋白表达上升的趋势;而PrL区的Syn及IL区的PSD-95和Syn蛋白表达在各组均无统计学差异。RNA原位杂交发现运动干预能有效降低ASD大鼠PrL区异常增多的MARK1、MAP1A和PSD-95的RNA阳性颗粒数,降低MARK1+MAP1A、MARK1+PSD-95和MAP1A+PSD-95的共定位。结论:运动干预可能通过PrL区MARK1/MAP1A/PSD-95分子通路改善ASD大鼠树突棘结构重塑,从而改善社交相关行为障碍。

基于神经网络PSD算法的电力系统集控运行控制方法

为了满足不同运行条件和负荷变化时,电力系统集控运行的控制需求,该文研究基于神经网络PSD算法的电力系统集控运行控制方法。依据电力系统的失负荷概率,确定集控运行控制的最大允许阶层控制偏差,作为神经网络PSD算法的允许控制偏差。将电力系统集控运行控制量设定值与实测值的偏差,作为PSD控制器的输入。利用神经网络的隐含层,对控制器的输入进行比例元、求和元、微分元的运算,利用自整定规律整定神经网络的增益系数,通过前向运算与反向传播运算,实现电力系统集控运行控制。实验结果表明,采用该方法控制电力系统集控运行,电力系统的控制转换比保持在1.25~1.4的范围内,故障发生率在6%以下。

Influence of Topography on the Distribution and Structure of Woody Plants in the Senegalese Sahel (Sandy Ferlo)

This study describes the floristic composition and structure of a woody stand in the Senegalese Sahel, paying particular attention to the edaphic factors of its floristic composition. A stratified inventory considering the different relief units was adopted. Woody vegetation was surveyed using a dendrometric approach. The results obtained show that the flora is dominated by a few species adapted to drought, such as Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Calotropis procera Ait. and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.). The distribution of this flora and the structure of the ligneous plants are linked to the topography. In the lowlands, the flora is more diversified and the ligneous plants reach their optimum level of development compared with the higher relief areas. In the lowlands, there are a few woody species which, in the past, were indicative of better climatic conditions. These are Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.), Commiphora africana (A. Rich.), Feretia apodanthera Del., Loeseneriella africana (A. Smith), Mitragyna inermis (Willd.) and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich). It is important that their reintroduction into reforestation projects takes account of their edaphic preference.

Neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis and restore abnormal protein distribution in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.We previously showed that neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles improved mitochondrial function in the cortex of AP P/PS1 mice.Because Alzheimer’s disease affects the entire brain,further research is needed to elucidate alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in the brain as a whole.Here,we investigated the expression of several important mitochondrial biogenesis-related cytokines in multiple brain regions after treatment with neural stem cell-derived exosomes and used a combination of whole brain clearing,immunostaining,and lightsheet imaging to clarify their spatial distribution.Additionally,to clarify whether the sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-related pathway plays a regulatory role in neural stem cell-de rived exosomes interfering with mitochondrial functional changes,we generated a novel nervous system-SIRT1 conditional knoc kout AP P/PS1mouse model.Our findings demonstrate that neural stem cell-de rived exosomes significantly increase SIRT1 levels,enhance the production of mitochondrial biogenesis-related fa ctors,and inhibit astrocyte activation,but do not suppress amyloid-βproduction.Thus,neural stem cell-derived exosomes may be a useful therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease that activates the SIRT1-PGC1αsignaling pathway and increases NRF1 and COXIV synthesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis.In addition,we showed that the spatial distribution of mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease,and that neural stem cell-derived exosome treatment can reverse this effect,indicating that neural stem cell-derived exosomes promote mitochondrial biogenesis.

Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal

The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in Nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant.