Development of Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA for Detection of Duck or Goose Flavivirus

In order to establish double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （DAS-ELISA） for detection of duck or goose flavivirus, polyclonal antibody against the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese and monoclonal antibody against the E protein of flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were used as the capture antibody and detection antibody, respectively. The optimal dilution of the capture antibody and detecting antibody capable of detecting the flavivirus strain JS804 in geese were 1：3 200 and 1：160 in the check-board titration, respectively. The reaction time of sample was 1 h, and the optimal working dilution of HRP-labeled goat-anti-mouse IgG was 1：10 000. The positive standard value was 0.247 （OD450.m）. The geese flavivirus could be detected at a minimal concentration of 1.875 μg mL^-1. The ELISA had no cross-reaction with Newcastle disease virus （NDV）, Avian influenza virus （AIV）, Infectious bronchitis virus （IBV）, Infectious bursal disease virus （IBDV）, Duck hepatitis virus （DHV）, and Gosling plague virus （GPV）. Twenty clinical samples were detected by the DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively, with the agreement rate of 75%. The results revealed that the DAS-ELISA possessed favorable specificity and higher sensitivity, indicating a suitable method for rapid detection of the duck or goose flavivirus.

Generation and characterization of an anti-GP73 monoclonal antibody for immunoblotting and sandwich ELISA

Recently, serum Golgi protein 73 （GP73） levels have been found to be elevated in patients with hepatocellu- lar carcinoma （HCC）, and GP73 has been proposed as a novel marker for HCC. However, GP73 levels in patients remain controversial due to the specificity of the anti-GP73 antibody-based enzyme linked immunosorbent as- say （ELISA）. Therefore, an anti-GP73 antibody with high specificity was highly demanded. In the present study, by hybridoma screening, we generated an anti-GP73 monoclonal antibody （mAb） designated as 6A2 using recom- binant GP73 protein produced by prokaryotic expression. The specificity of 6A2 was evaluated by Western blot- ting, immunohistochemistry and immunoprecipitation. The results showed that 6A2 recognized GP73 in both native and denatured forms. In addition, we have developed a sandwich ELISA using 6A2 and GP73 polyclonal antibody generated in New Zealand white rabbits according to standard procedures, and measured the serum GP73 level of patients using this assay. Our results showed that serum GP73 levels of HCC patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls （P = 0.0036）. Furthermore, for the first time, GP73 serum level was found to be elevated in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy controls （P = 0.0172）.

Detection of Bluetongue Virus Group-specific Antigen Using Monoclonal Antibody Based Sandwich ELISA

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the bluetongue virus (BTV) group specific antigen (VP7) was characterized for its reactivity with purified virus and recombinant BTV VP7 (rVP7) protein and its suitability for use in the sandwich ELISA.The MAb,designated as 5B5 was specific to VP7 and belongs to IgG2a subclass and was selected for the development of the sELISA in this study.The MAb had a titer of 1:25 with BTV and 1:2 with the rVP7 protein.The sELISA is based on capturing of BTV antigen with VP7 specific MAb followed by detection using BTV polyclonal antiserum raised in rabbits.The assay was evaluated with six cell culture adapted serotypes of BTV that have been isolated from India,1,2,15,17,18 and 23.The assay could detect BTV antigen as early as day 8 in blood.It was also successfully applied for the detection of BTV group specific antigen in clinical samples of blood,washed RBCs,buffy coat and plasma.A total of 102 field samples from animals,suspected of being infected with BTV,were tested and 29.42% were positive.The blood samples were also amplified in cell culture which improved the sensitivity of the assay.Results confirmed that the sELISA is rapid and specific.

Detection of Antibody to Hepatitis Delta Virus in Human Serum by Double Antigen Sandwich ELISA

A simple rapid detection of antibody to hepatitis delta virus (anti-HDV) in human serum was developed by using double antigen sandwich ELISA. HDV gene fragment encoding HDAg was isolated from a Chinese patient infected with HDV by RT-PCR, and a high-efficient expression HD-PQE31 strain was constructed with the fragment. We obtained high titer and good quality hepatitis delta virus protein purified by Ni-NTA metal-affinity chromatography, which was identified by Western blot and ELISA, then we set up the double antigen sandwich ELISA for detection of anti-HDV in human serum, and the performance of the sandwich ELISA was evaluated in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Results were: 1) The purified HDAg protein’s purity was 90%, and its ELISA titer was 1/100 000. 2) 42 anti-HDV positive sera were detected and showed that the sensitivity of sandwich ELISA was higher than that of competitive ELISA (t=2.44, p<0.01). 3) The inhibitory rates for 2 anti-HDV positive sera by the specific HDAg were 74% and 93% respectively. 4) For the assay of specificity, all 60 samples infected by other hepatitis viruses and 30 normal samples were negative for anti-HDV. These results suggested that the double antigen sandwich ELISA with purified recombinant HDAg showed higher specificity and sensitivity, It can be used in routine laboratories to diagnose the HDV infection.

检测H6亚型禽流感病毒的双抗体夹心ELISA方法的建立及初步应用

为建立快速检测H6亚型禽流感病毒的血清学方法,试验利用前期制备的两株抗H6亚型禽流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体,建立检测H6亚型禽流感病毒的双抗体夹心ELISA方法,并进行特异性、灵敏度、稳定性试验以及对活禽市场采集的48份咽拭子样品的检测效果。结果显示:该ELISA方法只与H6亚型禽流感病毒反应,而与H1、H3、H4、H5、H7、H9、H10、H12等其他亚型禽流感病毒,血清4型禽腺病毒、血清8b型禽腺病毒、血清3型鸭腺病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、新城疫病毒、鹅星状病毒、小鹅瘟病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒以及禽白血病病毒均无交叉反应;该ELSIA方法可检测2.32×10^(4)TCID50/mLH6亚型禽流感病毒,批间和批内重复试验变异系数均小于10%;该ELISA方法和RT-PCR方法对活禽市场采集的48份咽拭子样品检测结果一致,进一步检测攻毒鸡的咽拭子显示该方法可有效检测咽拭子中H6亚型禽流感病毒。研究表明,基于两株单克隆抗体建立的检测H6亚型禽流感病毒的双抗体夹心ELISA方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高的特点,适用于H6亚型禽流感病毒感染的临床检测。

Development and Preliminary Application of Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA for Detection of Swine Vesicular Disease Virus

[Objective] The aim of this study was to develop an indirect sandwich EUSA method for detection of swine vesicular disease virus （SVDV）. [Method] High titer serum against SVDV was prepared respectively by inoculated rabbits and guinea pigs with purified virus. To develop an indirect sandwich ELISA, the optimum concentrations of capture antibody, detection antibody, enzyme conjugate and standard antigen were determined using block titration, and positive threshold value was also determined. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the developed IELISA were evaluated using cross-reaction test, comparison test and intra-assay repeated test. In addition, standard samples and clinical samples were detected by this method. [ Result] The best working conditions of the developed ELISA are as follows： capture antibody, 1：400; detection antibody, 1 ： 200; enzyme conjugate, 1 ： 8 000; and standard antigen, 1 ： 4. The positive threshold value was found to be 0.20. For the detection by the developed EUSA, no cross-reaction with foot and mouth disease was observed. The developed ELISA had close sensitivity with ELISA recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health （OIE） but had sensitivity 2 -4 times higher than that of reverse indirect hernagglutination test. In addition, the developed method also had good reproducibility, and the detection results of standard samples were in line withtheir own background. All the 36 clinical samples were negative in the developed ELISA. [ Conclusion] The developed indirect sandwich ELISA can be used for diagnosis of swine vesicular disease.

鸡减蛋综合征病毒中和性单克隆抗体的制备、鉴定及在双抗体夹心ELISA中的应用

为了制备针对鸡减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)的中和性单克隆抗体,首先纯化得到重组EDSV纤维蛋白,经血凝试验(HA)鉴定纤维蛋白的血凝活性,HA效价为1∶2~7。之后将纤维蛋白作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫4次后,小鼠血清的间接酶联免疫吸附试验(iELISA)效价最高达到1∶409 600,间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)效价最高达到1∶12 800。取效价最高免疫小鼠脾细胞进行细胞融合制备杂交瘤细胞,结合iELISA和IFA检测,经过多轮亚克隆,最终成功获得了2株稳定分泌中和性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株9G12和10E11。iELISA结果显示,单克隆抗体9G12和10E11的腹水效价分别为1∶128 000和1∶1 020 000;IFA效价分别为1∶2 000和1∶8 000。Western blot检测结果显示,单克隆抗体9G12和10E11均不能识别变性的EDSV纤维蛋白,表明二者识别纤维蛋白的构象型表位。病毒中和试验结果表明,单克隆抗体9G12和10E11均具有中和活性,中和效价分别为1∶2~7和1∶2~4。亚型鉴定表明,这2种单克隆抗体的轻链均为Kappa型,重链均为IgG1亚型。将基于单克隆抗体9G12和10E11建立的双抗体夹心ELISA方法应用于临床检测EDSV抗原,与荧光定量PCR检测结果的符合率为91.7%。综上,成功筛选出9G12和10E11杂交瘤细胞株,二者分泌抗EDSV特异性抗体,且这2种抗体具有中和EDSV感染活性,可应用于EDSV的临床检测。

Development and optimization of a double antibody sandwich ELISA for the detection of goose T cell surface CD8α molecule

CD8, a glycoprotein on the surface of T cells, is involved in the defense against viral infection and plays significant roles in antigen presentation and in the antiviral immune response. CD8 is composed of two chains. Of these, the CD8α chain was chosen for the detection because it involved in both the CD8αα homodimer and the CD8αβ heterodimer. Here, we established a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（DAS-ELISA） for specific detection of goose CD8α（go CD8α）. The results showed that the optimal coated antibody and antigen dilutions were 1：50（the antibody titer was 1：12 800） and 1：32（0.3 ng m L^–1）, respectively, while the optimal capture antibody and horseradish peroxidase（HRP）-labelled goat anti-rabbit Ig G dilutions were 1：50（the antibody titer was 1：51 200） and 1：4 000（the antibody titer was 1：5 000）, respectively. The optimal blocking buffer was 5% bovine serum albumin（BSA）. The best incubating condition was overnight at 4℃, the best blocking time was 120 min and the best anti-capture antibody working time was 150 min. In addition, the minimum dose detectable by DAS-ELISA was 5×10^–3 ng m L^–1. Most importantly, go CD8α expression levels in goose spleen mononuclear cells（MNCs） post-Goose parvoviruse（GPV） infection were found to be significantly up-regulated using the DAS-ELISA method, which was consistent with previous results obtained using real-time quantitative PCR. In conclusion, the DAS-ELISA method reported here is a novel, specific technique for the clinical detection of go CD8α.

禽腺病毒4型Fiber-2蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

旨在制备禽腺病毒4型(FAdV-4)Fiber-2蛋白的单克隆抗体并建立Fiber-2蛋白的定量检测方法。本研究将原核表达的Fiber-2蛋白免疫BALB/c雌鼠,通过细胞融合技术制备杂交瘤细胞,并通过免疫印迹、间接免疫荧光和抗体相加试验筛选杂交瘤细胞株;以制备的单克隆抗体为捕获抗体和酶标检测抗体,通过优化捕获抗体包被浓度和酶标抗体稀释度等条件,建立特异性检测Fiber-2蛋白的双抗体夹心ELISA方法。结果:本研究成功筛选到3株能够稳定传代的杂交瘤细胞株1H2、2A9和3E1,其分泌的抗体均与FAdV-4全病毒具有良好的反应性,可识别不同抗原表位;进一步发现,以1H2为捕获抗体、2A9为酶标检测抗体,能够建立检测Fiber-2蛋白的ELISA方法;该方法具有良好的重复性,批内重复及批间重复试验变异系数均小于10%;敏感性高,Fiber-2蛋白检测限为0.078 ng/μL;特异性好,不与FAdV-4的其他结构蛋白及鸭腺病毒3型的Fiber-2蛋白发生反应。综上,本研究成功制备了3株Fiber-2蛋白单克隆抗体,并建立了定量检测Fiber-2蛋白的双抗体夹心ELISA方法,为后续FAdV-4基础研究和Fiber-2亚单位疫苗研究奠定了物质基础。

夹心ELISA方法检测生肉混合物中的猪肉成分的研究

肉品掺假的鉴别是影响食品安全的一个重要问题。采用抗猪IgG-Fc单克隆抗体作为捕获抗体,以猪IgG作为检测标志物,建立了检测猪肉成分的夹心ELISA方法。单抗最佳包被浓度为1μg/mL,酶标抗体最佳浓度为1∶5 000稀释。结果混合物中猪肉掺杂仅为1%时,有明显反应。该方法具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、特异性强等优点。

羊痘病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

用纯化的山羊痘病毒分别免疫家兔和豚鼠,制备高效价的抗血清。经方阵滴定测定捕获抗体、检测抗体、酶结合物和标准抗原的稀释倍数。通过对阴性样品的检测,确定阴阳性的判定标准,初步建立羊痘病毒间接夹心ELISA诊断方法。用建立的ELISA方法对31份已知背景样品进行检测,总符合率为93.5%。经特异性试验、批内重复试验和对比试验,说明建立的夹心ELISA诊断方法具有良好的特异性、重复性和敏感性。对田间样品的检测表明,该ELISA诊断方法可应用于对羊痘的鉴别诊断。

3种ELISA法定量检测转cry1Ac基因水稻Cry1Ac蛋白的比较研究

用从细菌中分离的纯品CryIAe蛋白作为抗原成功制备出了效价较高的CryIAe蛋白的兔多抗,对制备的抗体的免疫学分析表明,其与CryIAc有极显著的免疫交叉反应.并在对转cryIAc基因水稻的检测中具有良好的特异性。用戊二醛一步法对纯化的IgG进行了碱性磷酸酶标记。应用制备的抗体进行了直接法、间接法和双抗夹心法等ELISA方法检测转cryIAc基因水稻中Bt的含量,结果表明直接法和间接法ELISA只能定性而不能定量测定转cryIAc基因水稻,而双抗夹心法是一种比较理想的定量检测水稻中Bt含量的方法。同时确定了双抗夹心法的各项具体条件。

猪轮状病毒双抗体夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

用差速离心法纯化的猪轮状病毒(RV)分别免疫仔猪和兔,制备了猪抗RV和兔抗RV超免疫血清,并用层析方法进行了纯化,建立了检测RV的双抗体夹心ELISA方法。结果表明,该双抗体夹心ELISA的最佳反应条件为:猪抗RV IgG包被浓度为4μg/mL,兔抗RV IgG最佳工作浓度为3.5μg/mL,样品反应时间为90 min,酶标抗体工作浓度为1∶8 000,以D450 nm≥0.161作为阳性判定标准。该ELISA的重复性变异系数小于10%,最低检测限为1.25μg/mL,并与猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪大肠杆菌和沙门菌等病原无交叉反应,该ELISA试剂在室温和4℃条件下至少可保存4个月。用该ELISA方法和RV金标检测卡检测70份临床粪便样品,结果显示,ELISA的阳性检出率为22.9%,而金标检测卡的阳性检出率为20.0%。表明,建立的双抗体夹心ELISA方法具有特异性好、灵敏性高和重复性好等优点,可用于RV的快速检测。

犬细粒棘球绦虫粪抗原夹心ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立特异性和敏感性高的检验犬细粒棘球绦虫感染的方法。用细粒棘球绦虫(简称,Eg)成虫抗原分别免疫兔和绵羊,收集高免血清,纯化的高免抗体。依据抗体夹心ELISA工作原理,以兔抗体包被,检测感染Eg、不同犬带科绦虫的实验犬和空白犬粪样,绵羊抗体扑捉抗原,HRP标记兔抗绵羊IgG(1∶8 000)催化显色,用酶标仪测定OD 405nm吸光度,用以确定其特异性和敏感性。试验结果表明,敏感性为82.69%(43/52),特异性为85.88%(140/163);粪抗原在感染细粒棘球绦虫16d后可检出,最低抗原浓度为9.7ng/mL即犬感染5条成虫时可检测出阳性。该检测方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏性,为进一步研制检测细粒棘球绦虫虫体抗原ELISA检测试剂盒奠定了基础。

双抗体夹心生物素-亲和素ELISA法检测相思子毒素

目的建立相思子毒素(abrin)的酶联免疫检测方法,为abrin临床诊断、中毒治疗、法医学鉴定等应用领域提供技术基础和参考依据。方法采用双抗体夹心生物素-亲和素ELISA法来检测微量abrin。结果该法检测abrin线性范围为0.125～31.25μg/L,线性回归方程为Y=0.52369X+0.51632(r=0.9816,P<0.0001,n=9),检测限为0.125μg/L。不同浓度蓖麻毒素(ricin)、葡萄球菌肠毒素(SEB)对检测结果基本无干扰,表明该法检测abrin具有很好的特异性。该法能用于abrin毒素污染水样、土样、食品、血液等模拟样品的分析,相对标准差为2.35%～4.14%,具有较好的重现性。结论成功建立了夹心BA-ELISA法检测abrin,巧妙地将多克隆抗体的强富集能力、单克隆抗体的特异性以及生物素-亲和素系统的放大作用结合起来,达到了提高检测的灵敏度和特异性的目的,可适用于各种微量abrin样品的分析。

猪伪狂犬病病毒单抗双夹心ELISA的构建

建立了检测猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabiesvirus,PRV)的单克隆抗体双夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme linkedimmunosor bentassay,ELISA)方法,为该病的快速诊断奠定了基础.作者对其组装条件进行了筛选,认为兔抗PRVIgG最佳包被质量浓度为4.59mg·L-1;抗PRV的单克隆抗体(Monoclonalantibodies,McAb)的最佳质量浓度为6.45mg·L-1;最佳封闭剂为10g·L-1BSA(牛血清白蛋白),封闭时间为60min,制定了科学的结果判定标准,最低病毒检出量为200μg·L-1.与病毒分离、动物试验和中和试验相比较,该方法特异、灵敏、可靠、方便.

ELISA法检测犬腹泻粪样中的犬冠状病毒

用ＦＥ细胞增殖犬冠状病毒（ＣＣＶ）参考株，分别免疫家兔和ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠制备ＣＣＶ多抗和单抗，建立了夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ及Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断方法。在检测的８４例犬腹泻粪样中，多抗、单抗夹心法显示ＣＣＶ阳性１６例，Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性１３例，后１３例包括在前１６例中。从８４例腹泻犬粪样中随机取３８例作ＣＣＶ、犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）双项检测，ＣＣＶ阳性１６例，ＣＰＶ阳性６例，ＣＣＶ、ＣＰＶ混合感染４例。结果显示，在南京地区流行的犬腹泻中，ＣＣＶ感染比例有超过ＣＰＶ的趋势。

双抗夹心ELISA方法检测食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌

采用0.5%福尔马林灭活的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌作为免疫原免疫日本大耳兔,获得抗单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌多克隆抗体,并以此多克隆抗体作为捕获抗体,以抗单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌InternalinA(InlA)单克隆抗体作为检测抗体,建立快速、特异的检测该菌的双抗夹心ELISA方法。结果表明:该方法对单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌纯培养液的最低检测量为1.7×105CFU/mL。在检测食品样品的实验中,食品样本对本方法干扰较小,运用选择性增菌液进行前增菌可提高该方法的准确性。

双抗夹心ELISA检测转Bar基因抗除草剂大豆

为快捷有效地检测转Bar基因抗除草剂大豆,利用已制备的抗除草剂Bar基因编码蛋白,膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶(phosphinothricin acetyltransferase,PAT)单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体,建立PAT蛋白双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附检测方法,对转Bar基因抗除草剂大豆不同组织材料进行定量检测。结果显示,最佳检测条件为捕获抗体质量浓度0.125μg/m L,包被酶标板,37℃孵育1 h后4℃静置过夜,检测样品37℃孵育1.5 h,检测抗体质量浓度6.25μg/m L,37℃孵育1.5 h;PAT蛋白的最低检测限为0.04 ng/m L,大豆蛋白体系中为8 ng/m L;重复性变异系数小于3%。利用上述检测条件,对实验建立的转Bar基因抗除草剂大豆进行PAT蛋白定量检测,成功地在根、茎、花、叶、种子不同部位检测到该蛋白的表达。

检测金属硫蛋白夹心法ELISA的建立和初步应用

采用两种能识别兔肝金属硫蛋白Ⅱ分子上不同抗原决定簇的单克隆抗体建立了夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ。鉴定表明，该法测定兔ＭＴ的灵敏度为２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，批内和批间变异系数分别为１２．２％和９．３％；用于测定人体ＭＴ也有较好的灵敏性和可靠性。