Laboratory model study of newly deposited dredger fills using improved multiple-vacuum preloading technique

Problems continue to be encountered concerning the traditional vacuum preloading method in field during the treatment of newly deposited dredger fills.In this paper,an improved multiple-vacuum preloading method was developed to consolidate newly dredger fills that are hydraulically placed in seawater for land reclamation in Lingang Industrial Zone of Tianjin City,China.With this multiplevacuum preloading method,the newly deposited dredger fills could be treated effectively by adopting a novel moisture separator and a rapid improvement technique without sand cushion.A series of model tests was conducted in the laboratory for comparing the results from the multiple-vacuum preloading method and the traditional one.Ten piezometers and settlement plates were installed to measure the variations in excess pore water pressures and moisture content,and vane shear strength was measured at different positions.The testing results indicate that water dischargeetime curves obtained by the traditional vacuum preloading method can be divided into three phases:rapid growth phase,slow growth phase,and steady phase.According to the process of fluid flow concentrated along tiny ripples and building of larger channels inside soils during the whole vacuum loading process,the fluctuations of pore water pressure during each loading step are divided into three phases:steady phase,rapid dissipation phase,and slow dissipation phase.An optimal loading pattern which could have a best treatment effect was proposed for calculating the water discharge and pore water pressure of soil using the improved multiple-vacuum preloading method.For the newly deposited dredger fills at Lingang Industrial Zone of Tianjin City,the best loading step was 20 kPa and the loading of 40-50 k Pa produced the highest drainage consolidation.The measured moisture content and vane shear strength were discussed in terms of the effect of reinforcement,both of which indicate that the multiple-vacuum preloading method has a better treatment effect not only in decreasing the moisture content and increasing the bearing capacity,but also in increasing the process uniformity at different depths of foundation.

Settlement Prediction of Dredger Fill with the Optimal Combination Model

Post-construction settlement has gained increasing attention because it frequently causes engineering problems. A combined model is a commonly used prediction model that overcomes the difficulty of a single model( i. e., cannot reflect various regulations of settlement at some stages or the entire process). In this study,the correlation coefficient,maximum error values,and other values were obtained according to the fitting and predicted results of a single model. The coefficient of variation was then introduced to determine the weight of each model forming the combination. The proposed model was used to fit and predict for settlement and overcome the issue of utilizing a single model while determining the weight. The fitting predictive effect was also analyzed using the settlement fitting precision results. The fitting precision of optimizing the combination model is high. The predicted data of the post-construction settlement are closer to the calculated value of the settlement monitoring data. Moreover,the proposed model has good practicability,does not require the interval data of settlement,and restricts the model number. Thus,this model can be applied in the engineering field.

Experimental Study on Dispersion Coefficient of Dredger Fill in Reclamation Region

In order to satisfy the demand of land use, reclamation engineering has been undertaken in coastal cities for a long time. To study the contaminant transport in the reclamation districts, robust and accurate estimation of dispersion coefficient is essential. In this study, the continuous sodium chloride （NaC1） solution with constant concentration was introduced into the column filled with the dredger fill to get the breakthrough curves （BTCs）. Inverse error function method （IEFM） and CXTFIT program were used for estimating dispersion coefficient. Results showed that the difference between the dispersion coefficients estimated by IEFM and CXTFIT program was slight. The main reason was that the BTC was not strictly linear. IEFM performed poorly in the nonlinear area, while the CXTFIT performed well over the entire BTCs. Moreover, the dispersion coefficient of dredger fill was small. The dispersion property of dredger fill would result in the slow migration of contaminants in the dredger fill.

Research on pore microstructure features for dredger fill based on mercury intrusion method

The material composition and microstructure have a comprehensive influence on geological engineering properties of dredger fill.The porosity of the dredger fill is an important characteristic of microscopic structure.Taken dredger fill from Binhai New Area in Tianjin as research object,the distribution trend of pore is obtained by granularmetric analysis,mineral composition analysis and mercury intrusion method.By discussing the variation regulation of dredger fill in two different kinds of processing methods,certain theoretical basis is provided for evaluating the engineering geological properties of dredger fill.It can be concluded from the test results that after drainage treatment,the porosity decreased and the structure unit changed from the relatively loose state to aggregate state.In certain depth range,the consolidation effect of dredger fill with drainage treatment is better than that without drainage treatment.

Novel disturbance compensating dynamic positioning of dredgers based on adaptive backstepping

In order to deal with the dynamic positioning system control problems of dredgers working under strong dredging reaction or harsh environments,an adaptive backstepping method is proposed.Disturbances are estimated and compensated for by the adaptive method without extra sensors on dredging equipment,and the control mechanism is simplified.Adaptive control is used to compensate for the reaction and environmental disturbances on the dredger,so the dredger can maintain the desired position with a minimum error and shock.The proposed adaptive robust controller guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system and rapid position tracking of the dredger.The simulation results show that the proposed controller has superior performance in position tracking and robustness to large disturbances.

Resistance of Air Injection Transportation in a Cutter-suction Dredger

Cutter-suction dredger transports slurry through pipeline. But the pipeline is easy to be jammed and frayed because of huge resistance, resulting in limited exertion of dredger and high energy consumption. One of the solutions is air injection transporting, which can reduce the resistance in pipeline. This paper makes research on the relations between pipeline distance and other factors such as slurry concentration, pressure of air injection and transportation distance, by making use of Prof. Aluf Orell＇ s slug model. The test data prove that the key factors are slurry concentration and air volume fraction, and that high slurry concentration and low air volume fraction can reduce more resistance, and such reducing effect becomes weaker with the increase of transportation distance.

长板-短桩工法承载特性参数影响分析

文中采用有限元数值仿真的方法研究了长板-短桩工法处理吹填土地基的承载特性以及桩间距、桩长、塑料排水板间距三个因素对长板-短桩法吹填土复合地基承载特性的影响规律.结果表明:①桩长对长板-短桩复合地基的影响在于能有效控制地基沉降与提供承载力,在有效桩长范围内,桩长越长效果越好;②桩间距主要影响粉喷桩与桩间土承受的应力与面积置换率,桩间距越小,长板-短桩复合地基承载能力就越大;③塑料排水板对长板-短桩复合地基的影响在于提升桩间土的渗透系数,在一定范围内,排水板越是密集,固结沉降速度越快,能有效提高桩间土的承载力;④提出了对于不同厚度吹填土地基其最优长板-短桩复合地基参数设计.

吹填淤泥土的双掺固化和配比优化试验研究

为了研究水泥和氧化钙双掺固化改良吹填淤泥土的最优配比,该文基于正交试验开展了双掺固化土的改性分析,最后通过模糊综合评价法对各配比方案进行了量化优选。结果表明:①同等比例掺入条件下(掺入量1.0%~4.0%),最优含水率与掺入量呈正线性相关,而最大干密度呈负线性相关;非同等比例下,规律不甚明显,但是相对水泥来说,氧化钙的减水效果要优于水泥的效果;②试样的无侧限抗压强度受水泥和氧化钙相对比例影响,等比例掺入时呈正相关,但总体上水泥在双掺固化土强度增长过程中起主要作用;③采用模糊综合评价法,综合考虑项目固化施工成本、抗压强度、击实特性等多种因素认为山东玉龙岛炼化项目吹填淤泥的最优配合比方案是采用2.0%水泥+1.5%氧化钙双固化,此时试样的最优含水率为23.3%,最大干密度为1.68 g/cm^(3),无侧限抗压强度为440 kPa。

滨海吹填土软弱地基多工法联合处理施工控制措施研究

大面积高精度厂房软基处理对施工方法及控制措施要求较高,因此,研究基于滨海精密厂房吹填土软基处理项目,对两种软弱地基处理方案进行了技术、经济层面的对比,选择了管井降水+强夯+石灰土层多工法联合处理方案,并对多工法施工工艺及施工控制措施进行了总结。通过单桩竖向抗压静荷载试验,试验点的复合地基承载力极限值为130kPa,其符合设计要求,除此还验证了多工法施工方案及控制措施的有效性。

振冲密实法在人工吹填砂土地基处理中的应用

吹填土含水率较高,有着低强度、高压缩性、欠固结等不足,现有强夯、加填料固结等方式加固效果不理想。依托厦门大小嶝造地工程,通过控制不同变量,如振冲频率、振冲方式和施工手段,开展人工吹填砂土地基加固试验,确定适合吹填砂土地基的频率参数和振冲方式。结果表明:振冲密实法能够满足吹填砂土地基的加固要求,施工后承载力和标贯击数得到较大提高,加固后承载力达到150 kPa,一半的试验区标贯击数超过30击,满足后续施工标准要求,证明了振冲密实法适用于吹填砂土地基的加固,土体达到中密状态;该方法能够降低施工消耗,提高经济效益。

真空预压法加固吹填土现场试验及数值模拟研究

文章依托实际吹填土真空加固工程,从现场试验和数值模拟两方面对真空预压软土加固效果进行评价,着重探讨真空预压软土加固过程中土体孔隙水压力变化规律及加固区土体的变形特性。结果表明:预压期间地面沉降越大,加固效果越好,工后沉降越小;加固区深层土体水平位移指向加固区内,最大水平位移量发生在地表位置;最大水平位移速率发生在加载初期;土体孔隙水压力的消散与土层渗透性相关;地基沉降在抽气加固区地表最大,距离排水板区域越远土体竖向沉降越小,呈现出类似“盆”的沉降形式。真空预压加固法存在一定“有效深度”,排水板的影响深度并非随着插板深度一直增加,而是存在“极限深度”。

潮间带临时便道袋包砂施工效率提升技术研究

本研究针对厦门机场吹填工程潮间带临时便道袋包砂施工工艺,开展了袋体缝制和备砂工艺优化的研究。研究表明,袋体缝制升级为3道同步缝制,可在保证袋体质量的基础上,显著提升袋体缝制效率;左右翻砂优化为前后翻砂工艺后,可显著降低施工过程各机械设备的干扰,提升备砂效率。基于此,所形成的袋包砂优化施工工艺,可显著提升施工效率,降低施工成本,对后续的潮间带袋包砂施工具有重要的指导意义。

耙吸挖泥船艏吹钢圆筒及装驳工艺应用

针对钢圆筒围堰灌砂施工进度慢、外购砂成本大的问题,采用耙吸船分流艏吹充填钢圆筒工艺,实现一天成型4个钢圆筒,施工效率比吹砂船提高5倍,成本仅为吹砂船的14,具有良好的技术价值和经济价值。同时,采用耙吸船进行艏吹装驳施工,保障了袋装砂供应,解决了外购砂源不足及外购成本大的问题。耙吸挖泥船艏吹钢圆筒、装驳工艺在某工程的应用可保障工程进度和节约成本,为耙吸挖泥船艏吹工艺的多功能运用提供借鉴。

分级真空预压法加固吹填土过程中孔隙分布特征

针对实际工程中吹填土自重固结时间过长和真空预压加固过程中排水管容易淤堵、固结、速度减慢的问题,提出了分级真空预压即逐级施加真空荷载的加固方案,进行了室内模拟试验。试验结果表明:吹填土在固结过程中含水率逐渐减小,易溶盐含量逐渐减小,土体强度逐渐增大,吹填土的物理化学性质得到改善,土体固结效果较均匀;同时对吹填土固结过程中取样进行压汞试验,利用分形理论划分了吹填土孔隙分布区间。探讨了固结过程中孔隙分布特征的变化规律:随着固结压力的增加,吹填土中超大孔隙和大孔隙先被压缩成中孔隙,中孔隙再被压缩成小孔隙;孔径分布由大孔隙集中分布(占50%以上)向中孔隙(占35%以上)和小孔隙(占35%以上)发展。

真空预压联合电渗法处理高含水率软土模型试验

针对海相吹填土高含水率、高压缩性、低渗透系数的特点,提出了采用真空预压联合电渗法的地基加固方法,并通过室内模型试验对该工法的加固机制进行了初步探索.试验结果表明:初期采用真空预压排水,当试验土体达到最佳临界含水率0.85后,联合电渗法可有效地加快地基排水速度;采用真空预压联合电渗法处理吹填土,土体通常会产生较大的竖向和侧向变形,且有效提高阴极和阳极附近土体强度,因此对于真空预压仅能对表层约为42.8%地基深度的土体有效加固的问题,采用该工法可通过真空预压和电渗法分别加固表层和深层土体,由此达到深度方向均匀加固地基的目的.

颗粒级配对真空预压法处理吹填土效果影响试验研究

采用改进的真空预压试验模型对颗粒级配对吹填土加固效果的影响进行试验研究,在相同的加载条件下进行了7组不同颗粒级配的试样真空预压室内模型试验,分别从土体的沉降量、排水量、物理力学试验等几个方面对不同试样的加固效果进行对比分析,简述吹填土的颗粒级配对加固效果的影响。试验结果表明,采用真空预压加固吹填土,不同的颗粒级配对沉降量、排水量和加固后物理力学性质有显著影响,是影响吹填土加固效果的主要因素。试验结果对在吹填土选择合适加固方法时有一定指导意义。

真空–电渗联合加固技术的固结试验研究

针对真空预压与电渗联合加固时存在水流方向相互干扰的问题,在室内试验中开展真空预压与电渗不同联合方式对淤泥脱水效果的研究。试验结果表明:真空预压与电渗异步加固时能够获得比其他联合方式更好的加固效果,而真空预压与电渗交替加固的时间对加固效果也有显著的影响。若交替时间太短,真空预压与电渗将不能充分发挥排水作用,若交替时间太长,真空预压与电渗所提供的能量将不能被充分利用。在现场实际应用中,应根据实测排水量或排水速率的变化不断调整真空预压与电渗交替加固时间。

渗流作用下吹填土微观结构特征定量化研究

吹填土的工程性状受土体的物质组成和微观结构综合影响,而微观结构在以往的研究中涉及较少。以天津滨海地区吹填土为研究对象,进行室内渗流作用下吹填土的沉降试验。利用图像处理技术对土体的微观结构作定量分析,讨论天津滨海地区吹填土结构单元体、孔隙的大小、丰度和定向频率等评价指标在渗流作用下的变化情况及形成机理,可为评价吹填土的工程地质性质提供一定的理论依据。试验分析表明：随着渗流压力的增大,土中结构单元体从较为松散的状态转变为团聚状态,呈现出不同程度的扁圆形,但没有明显定向性;土体中的孔隙由于失去平衡,变为小而紧密的球形体,孔隙定向角集中分布在0°~10°。

人工种植盐地碱蓬改良吹填土的试验研究

为解决吹填土基本理化性质差的问题，研究以盐地碱蓬Suaedasalsa为材料，研究了它对吹填土理化性质的改良效果。试验分4个小区，完全随机区组排列，1年后分0～5、5～20和20～40cm三层采样测定土壤的基本理化性质。以盐地碱蓬周围裸地土壤为对照。结果表明，种植盐地碱蓬能显著增加各层土壤的总孔隙度，显著减少各层土壤容重及提高土壤的含水量，且土壤表层的含水量增加的最为明显；显著降低各层土壤盐分，盐地碱蓬种植地从表层、中层到深层脱盐率依次为50．54％、43．74％和27．23％，而对照地各层盐分反而增加；土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加了17．55％、5．03％、20．54％和1．49％；显著增加各层土壤细菌和放线茼的数量，而真菌的数量只中层和深层才显著增加。

高粘性高盐量吹填土固结过程孔隙分维特征

真空预压处理吹填土地基的方法应用广泛,但塑料排水管经常会被吹填土细颗粒堵塞。为提高吹填土造陆效率,通过室内试验,研究了高粘性高盐量吹填土在自重沉淤和加负压联合作用下的固结规律,分析了吹填土取土点的工程地质特征。用易溶盐试验和X射线衍射分析方法确定吹填土中晶体的类型,并结合自重固结不同阶段的扫描电子显微镜微观结构照片,研究吹填土含盐量对排水效果的影响,总结高粘性高盐量吹填土固结排水时渗流通道变化规律。研究发现,随着吹填土含水量降低,晶体颗粒随水流失,渗流通道则处于不断变化的非稳定状态。同时,将分维数作为研究高粘性高盐量吹填土的微观结构指标,发现随着自重固结程度的增加,高粘性高盐量吹填土含水量减少,颗粒表面吸附能力下降,晶体颗粒逐渐脱离土颗粒表面,使土体孔隙和结构单元体颗粒发生规律性变化。