Dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials

Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,existing reviews primarily focus on specific oxidation reactions,such as oxidative organic synthesis and water remediation,often neglecting recent advancements in plastic upgrading,biomass conversion,and H_(2)O_(2)production,and failing to provide an in-depth discussion of catalytic mechanisms.This review addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution and waste photoreforming.It highlights waste-to-wealth design concepts,examines the challenges,advantages and diverse applications of dual-channel photocatalytic reactions,including photoreforming of biomass,alcohol,amine,plastic waste,organic pollutants,and H_(2)O_(2)production.Emphasizing improvement strategies and exploration of catalytic mechanisms,it includes advanced in-situ characterization,spin capture experiments,and DFT calculations.By identifying challenges and future directions in this field,this review provides valuable insights for designing innovative dual-channel photocatalytic systems.

Research on Alliance Decision of Dual-Channel Remanufacturing Supply Chain Considering Bidirectional Free-Riding and Cost-Sharing

This study delves into the formation dynamics of alliances within a closed-loop supply chain(CLSC)that encom-passes a manufacturer,a retailer,and an e-commerce platform.It leverages Stackelberg game for this exploration,contrasting the equilibrium outcomes of a non-alliance model with those of three differentiated alliance models.The non-alliance model acts as a crucial benchmark,enabling the evaluation of the motivations for various supply chain entities to engage in alliance formations.Our analysis is centered on identifying the most effective alliance strategies and establishing a coordination within these partnerships.We thoroughly investigate the consequences of diverse alliance behaviors,bidirectional free-riding and cost-sharing,and the resultant effects on the optimal decision-making among supply chain actors.The findings underscore several pivotal insights:(1)The behavior of alliances within the supply chain exerts variable impacts on the optimal pricing and demand of its members.In comparison to the non-alliance(D)model,the manufacturer-retailer(MR)and manufacturer-e-commerce platform(ME)alliances significantly lower both offline and online resale prices for new and remanufactured goods.This adjustment leads to an enhanced demand for products via the MR alliance’s offline outlets and the ME alliance’s online platforms,thereby augmenting the profits for those within the alliance.Conversely,retailer-e-commerce platform(ER)alliance tends to increase the optimal retail price and demand across both online and offline channels.Under specific conditions,alliance behavior can also increase the profits of non-alliance members,and the profits derived through alliance channels also exceed those from non-alliance channels.(2)The prevalence of bidirectional free-riding behavior largely remains constant across different alliance configurations.Across these models,bidirectional free-riding typically elevates the equilibrium prices in offline channel while negatively affecting the equilibrium prices in other channel.(3)The effect of cost-sharing shows relative uniformity across the various alliance models.Across all configurations,cost-sharing tends to reduce the manufacturer’s profits.Nonetheless,alliances initiated by the manufacturer can counteract these negative impacts,providing a strategic pathway to bolster CLSC profitability.

Dual-channel fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance sensor with cascaded coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure

To address the restriction of fiber-optic surface plasmon resonance(SPR) sensors in the field of multi-sample detection, a novel dual-channel fiber-optic SPR sensor based on the cascade of coaxial dual-waveguide D-type structure and microsphere structure is proposed in this paper. The fiber sidepolishing technique converts the coaxial dual-waveguide fiber into a D-type one, and the evanescent wave in the ring core leaks, generating a D-type sensing region;the fiber optic fused ball push technology converts the coaxial dual waveguides into microspheres, and the stimulated cladding mode evanescent wave leaks, producing the microsphere sensing region. By injecting light into the coaxial dual-waveguide middle core alone, the sensor can realize single-stage sensing in the microsphere sensing area;it can also realize dual-channel sensing in the D-type sensing area and microsphere sensing area by injecting light into the ring core. The refractive index measurement ranges for the two channels are 1.333–1.365 and 1.375–1.405, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 981.56 nm/RIU and 4138 nm/RIU. The sensor combines wavelength division multiplexing and space division multiplexing technologies, presenting a novel research concept for multi-channel fiber SPR sensors.

Robust dual-channel correlation algorithm for complex weak target detection with wideband radar

In the scene of wideband radar,due to the spread of target scattering points,the attitude and angle of view of the target constantly change in the process of moving.It is difficult to predict,and the actual echo of multiple scattered points is not fully matched with the transmitted signal.Therefore,it is challenging for the traditional matching filter method to achieve a complete matching effect in wideband echo detection.In addition,the energy dispersion of complex target echoes is still a problem in radar target detection under broadband conditions.Therefore,this paper proposes a wideband target detection method based on dualchannel correlation processing of range-extended targets.This method fully uses the spatial distribution characteristics of target scattering points of echo signal and the matching characteristics of the dual-channel point extension function itself.The radial accumulation of wideband target echo signal in the complex domain is realized through the adaptive correlation processing of a dual-channel echo signal.The accu-mulation effect of high matching degree is achieved to improve the detection probability and the performance of wideband detection.Finally,electromagnetic simulation experiments and measured data verify that the proposed method has the advan-tages of high signal to noise ratio(SNR)gain and high detection probability under low SNR conditions.

Altruism and Pricing Strategy in Dual-Channel Supply Chains

With the development of behavioral operational management, human behavior such as altruism, fairness and trust has received considerable attention. This paper studies the effect of altruism on retailer’s and manufacturer’s pricing strategy in two classic dual-channel supply chains by presenting Stackelberg game models. The analysis shows that the player’s altruism preference strongly affects their pricing strategies. The more altruistic one player is, the more profits the other player obtains. Moreover, the effect of manufacturer’s altruistic preference is larger than that of retailer’s. In addition, online price is always lower than offline price in dual-channel supply chain, which still holds true considering altruism. The results also reveal that the product web-fit has significant effect on the player’s optimal pricing strategies. The more compatible with online market the product is, the lower the retail price is set, and the more profit the manufacturer obtains whereas the less the retailer gets.

Dual-Channel Communication of Column Plasma Antenna Excited by a Surface Wave——Actualization and Simulation of Radiation Pattern

Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies.Results show that under certain settings,the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna resembles that of a metallic antenna.In contrast to a metallic antenna,a plasma antenna possesses other functionalities,such as dynamic reconfiguration and digital controllability.The data from simulation are similar to the measurement results,indicating that column plasma antenna can realize dual-channel communication.This work confirms the viability of realizing dual-channel communication by column plasma antenna,which adds a new but promising method for modern intelligent communication.

Consumer Choice, Firm Performance and Channel Coordination in a Dual-Channel Distribution System

The expanding role of the Internet in consumer purchasing activities has created substantial new opportunities accessing to end-consumers. More and more manufacturers are beginning to sell products to potential consumers directly online while continuing to sell through the traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, a phenomenon leading to intense channel competition and conflicts. Using game theory, this research examines the effect of market segments, consumer choice and the acceptance of direct online channels on firm performance and the whole system’s profit. The analysis indicates that the addition of direct online channel does not necessarily harm the incumbent retailers. A win-win zone is proposed, in which both the manufacturer and the retailer benefit from the encroachment.

Designing cost-effective network-on-chip by dual-channel access mechanism

A dual-channel access mechanism to overcome the drawback of traditional single-channel access mechanism for network-on-chip （NoC） is proposed. In traditional single-channel access mechanism, every Internet protocol （IP） has only one chan- nel to access the on-chip network. When the network is relatively idle, the injection rate is too small to make good use of the network resource. When the network is relatively busy, the ejection rate is so small that the packets in the network cannot leave immediately, and thus the probability of congestion is increased. In the dual-channel access mechanism, the injection rate of IP and the ejection rate of the network are increased by using two optional channels in network interface （NI） and local port of routers. Therefore, the communication performance is improved. Experimental results show that compared with traditional single-channel access mechanism, the proposed scheme greatly increases the throughput and cuts down the average latency with reasonable area increase.

Numerical Simulation of Dual-Channel Communication of Column Plasma Antenna Excited by a Surface Wave

This paper focuses on the application of plasma as wireless antenna. In order to reveal the radiation characteristics of column plasma antenna, we chose the finite-difference time- domain （FDTD） numerical analysis method to simulate radiation impedance and efficiencies of each channel for a few sets of plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies. Simulation results demonstrate that a plasma antenna shares similar characteristics with a metallic antenna in radiation impedance and efficiency of each channel when an appropriate setting is adopted. Unlike a metallic antenna, a plasma antenna is capable of realizing such functions as dynamic reconfiguration, digital control and dual-channel communication. Thus it is possible to carry out dual-channel communication by plasma antenna, indicating a new path for modern intelligent communication.

A Dual-Channel Secure Transmission Scheme for Internet-Based Networked Control Systems

Two significant issues in Internet-based networked control systems （ INCSs）, transport performance of different protocols and security breach from Internet side, are investigated. First, for improving the performance of data transmission, user datagram protocol （UDP） is adopted as the main stand for controllers and plants using INCSs. Second, a dual-channel secure transmission scheme （DCSTS）based on data transmission characteristics of INCSs is proposed, in which a raw UDP channel and a secure TCP （transmission control protocol） connection making use of SSL/TLS （secure sockets layer/transport layer security） are included. Further, a networked control protocol （NCP） at application layer for supporting DCSTS between the controllers and plants in INCSs is designed, and it also aims at providing a universal communication mechanism for interoperability of devices among the networked control laboratories in Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Central South University of China and Tokyo University of Technology of Japan. By means of a networked single-degree-of-free- dom robot arm, an INCS under the new protocol and security environment is created. Compared with systems such as IPSec or SSL/TLS, which may cause more than 91% network throughput deduction, the new DCSTS protocol may yield results ten times better, being just 5.67%.

Asymmetric Dual-Channel MAC Protocol for Multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In order to resolve the hidden and exposed terminal problems and improve the probability of concurrent packet transmissions for multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks （MANETs）, a novel slotted Asyrmaetric Dual-Channel Medium Access Control （ADC-MAC） protocol is proposed. It exploits sirmltaneous reservation with less collisions and conision-flee data packet transmissions, and achieves optimal transmission balance on the Control Channel （CCH） and Data Channel （DCH） by adjusting the relationship between Reservation Slot （RS） on the CCH and the data packet Transmission Slot （TS） on the DCH. Transmission interferences can be avoided by only observing CCH for the transmission time of a data packet. The proposed RS and contention micro-slot backoff mechanisms also greatly improve channel access efficiency. Simulation results show that compared to IFEE 802. 11 DCF and -Mc protocols, the proposed protocol can achieve a throughput gain of 88% in singlehop networks and 151% in nltihop networks at the same total data rate.

Experimental Study of Flow Field at the Outlet of Dual-Channel Burner

This paper presents an experimental study result of flow field of a dual-channel burner. In order to solve the ubiquitous problem of bad rigidity of jets in dual-channel burners, wedges with different arrangements and structural parameters were added to different positions at the outlet of the burners. Laser Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used in this study to measure the flow field to investigate influence of the wedges on flow field of the dual-channel burner. Experimental study shows that fixing wedges at both right and left sides of the burner's outlet can increase the intensity of recirculadon without changing the size of the recirculation zone and enhance the rigidity of jets via increasing speed of the two primary air jets at the outlet.

Pillar[5]arene and Azine Derivative Assembly Improved Dual-Channel Detection of CN-

The cyanide anion(CN^(–))is known to be one of the most toxic anions.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop a reliable,sensitive,selective,rapid and effective method for the detection of CN^(–).Here,a self-assembly strategy based on pillar[5]arene P5 and azine derivative AZ was used to construct supramolecular sensors,and it was found that the detection effect of CN^(–)was significantly improved by the assembly strategy.The sensitivity of the assembled sensor P5-AZ to CN^(–)is more than 10 times higher than that of AZ.The detect mechanism was further investigated by theoretical calculations and 1H NMR.The results showed that AZ detects CN–by a deprotonation process with fluorescence enhancement,while P5-AZ improves the sensitivity of CN^(–)recognition through hydrogen bonding,anion-πand anion-dipole interactions,as well as the strong bonding ability of the assembly.Supramolecular assembly P5-AZ has the advantages of low toxicity,high sensitivity,and more importantly,it provides a method to detect CN^(–)sensitivity in the aqueous phase and organisms by host-guest assembly.

基于产品质量差异的资金约束制造商最优融资决策研究

本文研究了资金约束制造商在线上线下双渠道中分别销售两种不同质量水平的产品时的最优融资决策,其中制造商可以通过电商平台融资和零售商融资两种方式来缓解资金压力。本文建立了两种融资模式下的Stackelberg博弈模型,得到了制造商与零售商的最优定价决策以及融资利率和双渠道中的产品质量差异对均衡决策的影响;对比分析了两种融资模式下的价格、销量以及供应链各成员企业的利润差异。结果表明融资利率的上升会带来双渠道定价的上升,但不一定会加剧双渠道间的价格竞争。制造商的最优融资决策同时受融资利率、消费者对产品质量的敏感程度以及双渠道产品质量差异的影响。当电商平台融资和零售商融资利率相同且消费者对产品质量的敏感程度较低时,制造商会选择零售商融资,并在零售商处销售高质量产品;当消费者对产品质量的敏感程度较高且双渠道产品质量差异较大时,制造商则会选择电商平台融资并在电商平台投放高质量产品。

碳交易机制下双渠道供应链定价与协调研究

文中运用博弈论求得了集中决策和分散决策下双渠道供应链最优定价决策和单位碳减排决策,分析了碳交易价格、消费者渠道偏好和低碳偏好对最优决策的影响,采用了收益共享-成本分担契约协调供应链,并通过数值算例验证了模型和结论的有效性.结果表明:在一定的条件下,两种渠道的定价均随碳交易价格的增加而降低;线上直销渠道价格与线上渠道偏好成正相关,线下零售渠道价格则相反;合理的碳交易价格、渠道偏好和低碳偏好有助于碳减排和供应链整体利润的提高;集中决策下单位产品碳减排量和供应链整体利润均高于分散决策时;收益共享-成本分担契约能使供应链成员的利润实现Pareto改进.

GNSS-R外辐射源雷达微弱目标回波盲检测方法

针对传统全球导航卫星系统反射(global navigation satellite system-reflected, GNSS-R)外辐射源雷达系统所采用的双通道配置结构在信号处理上运算量较大且在工程实现上硬件成本较高的问题,提出一种基于高阶循环累积量的单通道GNSS-R外辐射源雷达微弱目标回波盲检测方法。利用主成分分析方法将强直达波信号从单通道接收的混合信号中抽取出来;通过直达波信号的高阶循环频率估计出微弱回波信号的高阶循环频率;基于微弱回波信号高阶循环频率与其他信号不同的特性将其从单通道混合信号中提取出来,通过匹配滤波实现目标检测。实验结果表明,所提方法在没有先验信息的情况下能有效提取出微弱目标的回波信号,且与传统二维匹配滤波目标检测方法相比有更好的目标检测性能。

考虑消费者类型的社交媒体电商入侵策略研究

本文构建了制造商、零售商和社交媒体构成的双渠道供应链,其中社交媒体为不同渠道提供广告投放服务,并选择是否开通销售平台与零售渠道竞争。本文考虑市场中包含普通消费者和社交消费者,分析消费者社交属性、社交媒体入侵成本以及直销渠道运营成本对社交媒体入侵决策以及制造商、零售商最优收益的影响。研究发现:(1)对社交媒体而言,并非入侵难度越低,其越偏好入侵。当入侵成本超过一定阈值,即使入侵难度较低,社交媒体的最优策略也可能是不入侵。(2)社交媒体入侵难度低意味着直销渠道优势较大,对零售商是不利的。然而当社交消费者规模扩大时,即使入侵难度很低,零售商也可以从社交媒体入侵中受益。(3)直销渠道运营成本越低,社交媒体销售平台对制造商吸引力越小。但在某些情形下,即使该成本低于社交媒体设定的佣金水平,制造商也有动机委托社交媒体代理销售。最后,本文扩展并对比了没有社交消费者的情形,结果表明,社交消费者的存在并不总是有利于社交媒体入侵。

考虑碳排放与交付时间敏感的渠道选择研究

为了研究消费者对碳排放和交付时间具有双重敏感性的市场环境下,制造商选择传统单一零售渠道或网上零售渠道的策略,本文构建了由制造商和传统零售商组成的传统单一零售渠道和网上直销双渠道两种供应链结构,对比分析两种模型的均衡定价策略及供应链成员的最优利润,探讨在消费者具有双重敏感性下,零售商与制造商的渠道偏好。研究发现,双渠道的碳减排水平总是比单渠道的高。当消费者偏好于网上直销渠道,且消费者的双重敏感性及双渠道中渠道竞争均较小时,零售商愿意接受较高的批发价格并且偏好传统单一零售渠道;反之,零售商更偏好网上直销双渠道。当消费者偏好于网上直销渠道时,制造商会选择网上直销双渠道模型。当消费者不偏好网上直销渠道,且消费者双重敏感性及双渠道中渠道竞争均较小时,制造商才会选择传统单一零售渠道模型;否则,即使消费者不偏好网上渠道,双重敏感性及竞争有一项较大时,制造商也会选择网上直销双渠道。

O2O商家组合定价模型研究

O2O模式作为互联网商业模式的一大创新,已经成为人民生活和国家经济发展中不可或缺的重要组成部分。本文从商家视角出发,研究了消费者剩余和商家利润双重目标最大化下的商品组合与定价问题。本文应用NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法对线上与线下消费者剩余和商家利润进行优化求解,通过算例验证进化10~20代后,结果趋于平稳,线上与线下消费者剩余和商家利润分别提升约12.8%、13.7%、27.5%和25.8%。该算法在优化组合类问题上具有较强适应性,同时通过调整变量进一步验证了算法的性能与稳定性。结果表明,如果不考虑线上服务带来的时间便利性正效用,且在本文基准案例中消费者预算及起送价保持不变的情景下,当线下订单占主体时,消费者总剩余会得到略微提升;当消费者预算增加时,商家利润和消费者剩余也会提高并总体保持相对平稳,预算区间的增加能够更大程度地促进商家利润和消费者总剩余的提升。为防止过多的种类和数量捆绑生成大量无效无意义组合,本文案例中用于组合的商品种类及数量被控制在5种内,使得算力得到优化并形成了较为可靠的结论。

双通道特征融合的真实场景点云语义分割方法

真实场景点云不仅具有点云的空间几何信息,还具有三维物体的颜色信息,现有的网络无法有效利用真实场景的局部特征以及空间几何特征信息,因此提出了一种双通道特征融合的真实场景点云语义分割方法DCFNet(dual-channel feature fusion of real scene for point cloud semantic segmentation)可用于不同场景下的室内外场景语义分割。更具体地说,为了解决不能充分提取真实场景点云颜色信息的问题,该方法采用上下两个输入通道,通道均采用相同的特征提取网络结构,其中上通道的输入是完整RGB颜色和点云坐标信息,该通道主要关注于复杂物体对象场景特征,下通道仅输入点云坐标信息,该通道主要关注于点云的空间几何特征;在每个通道中为了更好地提取局部与全局信息,改善网络性能,引入了层间融合模块和Transformer通道特征扩充模块;同时,针对现有的三维点云语义分割方法缺乏关注局部特征与全局特征的联系,导致对复杂场景的分割效果不佳的问题,对上下两个通道所提取的特征通过DCFFS(dual-channel feature fusion segmentation)模块进行融合,并对真实场景进行语义分割。对室内复杂场景和大规模室内外场景点云分割基准进行了实验,实验结果表明,提出的DCFNet分割方法在S3DIS Area5室内场景数据集以及STPLS3D室外场景数据集上,平均交并比(MIOU)分别达到71.18%和48.87%,平均准确率(MACC)和整体准确率(OACC)分别达到77.01%与86.91%,实现了真实场景的高精度点云语义分割。