Impact of the carbon market on investment benefits of power-grid enterprises in China: a system dynamics analysis

The power grid,as the hub connecting the power supply and consumption sides,plays an important role in achieving carbon neutrality in China.In emerging carbon markets,assessing the investment benefits of power-grid enterprises is essential.Thus,studying the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of powergrid enterprises is key to ensuring their efficient operation.Notably,few studies have examined the interaction between the carbon and electricity markets using system dynamics models,highlighting a research gap in this area.This study investigates the impact of the carbon market on the investment of power-grid enterprises using a novel evaluation system based on a system dynamics model that considers carbon-emissions from an established carbon-emission accounting model.First,an index system for benefit evaluation was constructed from six aspects:financing ability,economic benefit,reliability,social responsibility,user satisfaction,and carbon-emissions.A system dynamics model was then developed to reflect the causal feedback relationship between the impact of the carbon market on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises.The simulation results of a provincial power-grid enterprise analyze comprehensive investment evaluation benefits over a 10-year period and the impact of carbon emissions on the investment and operation of power-grid enterprises.This study provides guidelines for the benign development of power-grid enterprises within the context of the carbon market.

基于CFD-DEM的物料转运过程诱导风流场与产尘因素分析

为了揭示颗粒物料在皮带机转运过程中的粉尘运移规律问题,推导了含有水平初速度的颗粒物料转运过程中的诱导气流方程,并采用CFD-DEM耦合方法对转运过程中的颗粒分布与诱导风流场特性进行了研究,分析了颗粒物料的落料高度、质量流量和初速度对颗粒逸散与诱导气流的影响。结果表明:颗粒在弧形下落阶段速度逐渐提高,挤压碰撞阶段颗粒速度先降低后提高,最后趋于稳定,部分颗粒出现逸散现象;含尘气流在颗粒物料弧形下落阶段和挤压碰撞阶段扩散较为明显;诱导气流速度与颗粒物料质量流量和初始速度呈正比关系,颗粒物料质量流量与诱导气流速度呈幂函数关系,拟合曲线幂指数为0.6~0.74。

基于CFD-DEM耦合的梯级溜槽的设计与分析

针对传统物料转运过程中溜槽和输送带磨损严重、出口处粉尘浓度过高的问题,建立含臂架的梯级溜槽几何模型,采用基于计算流体力学与离散单元法(CFD-DEM)耦合的数值模拟方法,分析了臂架对转运溜槽的磨损以及对其出口处粉尘排放浓度的影响。仿真结果表明:含臂架的梯级溜槽可以有效控制物料流的速度和方向,降低对溜槽内表面的冲击磨损,降低出口处的粉尘量。

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of an Undulatory Mechanical Fin Driven by Shape Memory Alloy

Many fishes use undulatory fin to propel themselves in the underwater environment. These locomotor mechanisms have a popular interest to many researchers. In the present study, we perform a three-dimensional unsteady computation of an undulatory mechanical fin that is driven by Shape Memory Alloy （SMA）. The objective of the computation is to investigate the fluid dynamics of force production associated with the undulatory mechanical fin. An unstructured, grid-based, unsteady Navier-Stokes solver with automatic adaptive remeshing is used to compute the unsteady flow around the fin through five complete cycles. The pressure distribution on fin surface is computed and integrated to provide fin forces which are decomposed into lift and thrust. The velocity field is also computed throughout the swimming cycle. Finally, a comparison is conducted to reveal the dynamics of force generation according to the kinematic parameters of the undulatory fin （amplitude, frequency and wavelength）.

调谐液柱阻尼器-结构系统风致振动响应的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法

针对调谐液柱阻尼器(tuned liquid column damper, TLCD)难以建立其精确的非线性理论分析模型,且其力学性能试验成本高和耗时长等问题,首先采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,对TLCD系统的力学性能和动力特征进行仿真模拟,在此基础上进一步提出了基于计算流体动力学/计算结构动力学(CFD/CSD)耦合分析方法,求解带TLCD系统的高层建筑结构的风致动力响应。通过开展某一TLCD系统在特定底部激励下的力学性能和动力特性试验,得到其内液体晃荡的自由液面波高和晃动力时程,验证了CFD数值模拟方法可以准确地分析TLCD水箱内液体的非线性晃动特征。随后对风工程领域广泛采用的76层建筑结构振动控制Benchmark模型,假设其顶部设置TLCD系统时主体结构在三种风速重现期(10、50和100年)风速对应的横风向动力风荷载激励下的风致控制效率,采用提出的CFD/CSD耦合分析方法,进行了数值仿真模拟分析。耦合分析结果表明,TLCD系统对Benchmark模型的风致加速度、速度和位移响应均有一定的控制效果,对加速度响应的控制效果要优于对位移响应的控制效果。该研究方法可为复杂TLCD系统对高层建筑的风振控制分析提供有效的参考。

基于CFD方法的舰载直升机着舰风限图计算

本文建立了一种基于Navier⁃Stokes方程的直升机着舰流场计算方法,可应用于着舰区域旋翼/机身/尾桨气动力的计算。该方法采用隐式耦合的求解方式,以双时间方法进行推进来模拟直升机着舰过程中着舰域的流场特性。为提高计算效率,旋翼和尾桨采用动量源模型来计算其在流场中的作用。在使用该计算方法的同时,本文采取多项式拟合的方式修正直升机非线性飞行动力学模型的计算结果,以此实现复杂流场中的直升机配平计算。应用所建立的方法,文中以UH⁃60A直升机和SFS2舰船为研究对象,进行了单机的耦合CFD方法的全机配平分析,验证了配平方法的可行性。然后引入了直升机安全着舰判据,利用耦合CFD的配平方法和安全着舰判据,计算了该机/舰组合的理论着舰风限图。

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic growth.Due to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few decades.Assessment of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the year.Several rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock mass.This study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western Himalayas.Various structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 slopes.For evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present study.The SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely unstable.The stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable slopes.Stable slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the FoS.The value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,respectively.Lastly,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

Comparison Study and Forensic Analysis between Experiment and Coupled Dynamics Simulation for Submerged Floating Tunnel Segment with Free Ends under Wave Excitations

This paper presents dynamic-behavior comparisons and related forensic analyses of a submerged floating tunnel(SFT)between numerical simulation and physical experiment under regular and irregular waves.The experiments are conducted in the 3Dwave tank with 1:33.3 scale,and the corresponding coupled time-domain simulation tool is devised for comparison.The entire SFT systemconsists of a long concrete tunnel and 12 tubular aluminummooring lines.Two numerical simulation models,the Cummins equation with 3D potential theory including second-order wave-body interaction effects and the much simpler Morison-equation-based formula with the lumped-massbased line model,are designed and compared.Forensic analyses for mooring-line adjustments in the simulation are carried out in view of the best representation of the physical system.After that,the measured pre-tension distribution and systemstiffness of twelvemooring lines arewell reproduced in the numericalmodel.Subsequently,the dynamic responses and mooring tensions of the SFT are compared under regular and irregular waves.The measured and simulated results coincide reasonably well for both regular-and irregular-wave conditions.

基于CFD的喷射角变化对沉积特性影响的研究

水平喷杆喷雾喷幅较宽,作业效率高、用户量较多,但底盘运动等因素引起的喷杆振动成为雾滴流失的主要原因。为此,基于CFD并通过喷头物理规格建立喷雾流场,研究水平喷杆发生摆动时实时调整喷射源旋转角度对雾滴沉积水平的影响。模拟结果表明:喷杆下摆时逆时针旋转喷射源;喷杆上扬时顺时针旋转喷射源,沉积效果相比不改变喷射源旋转角均趋于优化,两种调整最佳效果分别为雾滴直径DV.9值43.2μm、沉积密度108粒/cm 2和雾滴粒径DV.9值47.3μm、沉积密度118粒/cm 2。将此变化过程视为线性变化可知,实时调节喷射源旋转角度对提高雾滴沉积效果具有积极作用。通过计算各状态雾滴的沉积比例并进行回归分析可知,喷杆产生较大摆角时雾滴沉积效果直接受喷射源旋转角度影响。研究结果可为精量喷雾控制相关研究提供理论依据和数据参考。

基于CFD的FPSO风载荷规范计算适用性研究

[目的]目前,设计人员多使用针对大型油轮的OCIMF规范和针对海上平台的API规范对FPSO风载荷进行计算,但因FPSO船舶上层建筑更为复杂,需进一步研究这2种规范对于FPSO风载荷计算的适用性。[方法]建立具有通用型上部模块的某30万吨级大型FPSO数值模型,对恶劣海况下不同风向角、横倾角下的FPSO所受风载荷进行数值模拟,分析其中存在的遮蔽效应;与规范计算结果进行对比分析,讨论在风载荷作用下FPSO受到的横倾力矩。[结果]结果显示,船舶正浮状态受到的最大风载荷和横倾力矩出现在270°风向角;船舶横倾状态下受到的风载荷和横倾力矩比正浮状态更大,最大横倾力矩出现在10.5°横倾角280°风向角;采用API规范和OCIMF规范得到的FPSO风载荷计算结果与CFD计算结果相差较大,二者在270°风向角的结果与CFD分别相差13.6%和24.5%。[结论]数值仿真给出的流场细节有利于分析上部模块间的遮蔽效应,能够较为准确地预报船舶所受到的风载荷,可以为考虑遮蔽效应的FPSO稳性设计提供参考。

CFD Analysis of Spiral Flow Fields in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are largely used in various applications because of their pollution-free products and high energy conversion efficiency.In order to improve the related design,in the present work a new spiral flow field with a bypass is proposed.The reaction gas enters the flow field in the central path and diffuses in two directions through the flow channel and the bypass.The bypasses are arranged incrementally.The number of bypasses and the cross-section size of the bypasses are varied parametrically while a single-cell model of the PEMFC is used.The influence of the concentration of liquid water and oxygen in the cell on the performance of different flow fields is determined by means of Computational fluid dynamics(COMSOL Multiphysics software).Results show that when the bypass number is 48 and its cross-sectional area is 0.5 mm^(2),the cell exhibits the best performances.

基于CFD-DEM方法的泥水平衡盾构排屑效率影响因素敏感度

泥水平衡盾构机气垫仓内岩屑的快速排出对于保证施工安全和提高掘进效率至关重要,已有研究主要集中在岩屑在排浆管中运输的运动特性,而从气垫仓进入排浆管直至排出的完整过程却往往被忽略,因此现有研究对于指导实际工程还存在局限性。基于CFD-DEM(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method)计算流体力学-离散单元耦合计算方法并结合实际工程建立了可以完整反映气垫仓内岩屑排出的数值计算模型,对比了不同冲刷管布设情况下(垂直距离h1、水平距离h_(2)和转角β)岩屑的排出情况,总结了不同因素对岩屑排出率的敏感度。研究结果表明排出率随着h1的增加而减小,随着h_(2)和β的增加而增加,三个因素的平均敏感度排序从大到小依次为h1(1.6)>h_(2)(0.79)>β(0.61),因此在实际工程中降低冲刷管高度是提高岩屑率最有效的措施。研究结果可为优化冲刷管的布设和制定相关施工措施提供实用参考。

微孔的磨料水射流抛光CFD模拟及试验

为解决飞秒激光微孔难以抛光的问题,结合磨料水射流去除函数稳定、自适应性强等特点,采用磨料水射流抛光方法提高飞秒激光微孔质量。利用Fluent软件对不同工艺参数下的磨料水射流微孔抛光过程进行计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模拟,分析不同参数下的流场分布、侵蚀速率及壁面剪切力作用规律;然后通过响应面法对射流靶距、射流压力及磨料粒径等3因素进行优化试验,以微孔内壁面剪切力均方差为响应值,建立其响应面方程,获得最佳抛光参数组合并进行试验验证。结果表明:射流压力对微孔内壁面剪切力的影响最大,当射流压力从0.80 MPa增至1.50 MPa时,微孔内壁面剪切力增大2倍以上。射流的不同结构段因性质不同可适用于不同工况。利用响应面法分析得到水射流微孔抛光的最佳工艺参数组合是:射流冲击角,90°;射流靶距,3.5 mm;射流压力,1.10 MPa;磨料粒径,15.0μm。在该条件下抛光微孔内壁面的表面粗糙度R_a降至0.354μm。磨料水射流抛光可显著改善微孔壁面质量,且响应面法预测的数据模型有较高准确性。

基于CFD变形网格法的螺旋桨水中附加转动惯量研究

为了在螺旋桨设计中较为准确地估算螺旋桨在水中的附加转动惯量,为轴系设计提供更为准确的设计输入,并进一步探究螺旋桨设计参数对于附加转动惯量的影响规律,以通用计算流体力学(CFD)软件STAR-CCM+为平台,运用内置的变形网格技术,以某油船螺旋桨为研究对象,进行基于RANS方程全粘流的附加转动惯量数值计算研究。在此基础上,通过参数变换获取两组弦长和螺距等比例变化的螺旋桨模型,计算其附加转动惯量并分析和设计参数之间的关系。结果表明:对于同一弦长分布的桨,附加转动惯量占比(水中附加转动惯量除以自身转动惯量)随螺距的增加而增加;对于同样螺距分布的桨,附加转动惯量占比随弦长的增加而减小。通过回归分析,建立螺旋桨水中附加转动惯量与弦长及螺距的回归模型,实现了设计中的快速预报。

Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) Analysis and Optimization of Reconstructed Intake System of Cylinder Head Based on Slicing Reverse Method

To find out and improve the flow characteristics inside the intake system of cylinder head,the application of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in the evaluation and optimization of the reconstructed intake system based on slicing reverse method was proposed.The flow characteristics were found out through CFD,and the velocity vector field,pressure field and turbulent kinetic energy field for different valve lifts were discussed,which were in good agreement with experimental data,and the quality of reconstruction was evaluated.In order to improve its flow characteristic,an optimization plan was proposed.The results show that the flow characteristics after optimization are obviously improved.The results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of the intake system of cylinder head.

基于CFD的汽车运输滚装船参数横摇与减摇研究

为探究船舶参数横摇发生条件,以一艘汽车运输滚装船为研究对象,采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件STAR-CCM+建立虚拟水池并进行数值模拟。通过模拟静水中船舶横摇自由衰减,计算出船舶的横摇固有周期;采用控制变量法分别探究波高、波长、航速和遭遇频率等对船舶参数横摇的影响;为该船设计并搭载减摇水舱,分析减摇水舱对参数横摇的抑制效果。结果表明:在迎浪规则波中,当波浪达到一定高度,且波浪遭遇频率为船舶横摇固有频率的2倍时,该船的参数横摇最为剧烈;当减摇水舱固有周期等于该船的横摇固有周期时,减摇水舱对参数横摇现象有较好的抑制效果。

基于CFD的协同AUV编队队形研究

为了研究自主水下航行器(AUV)编队协同航行的减阻效果,对3个典型编队开展水动力性能研究。采用计算流体动力学(CFD)对3艘AUV以串列队形、并列队形和三角队形等开展水动力计算。通过改变各队形下AUV之间的间距,找到最佳队形间距位置,得出对各AUV的阻力影响。利用多目标遗传算法(MOGA)对三角队形进行优化,得出阻力最小的航行间距。结果表明:在串列队形中,当横向距离为3.80m和3.50m时,系统阻力达到最小;在并列队形中,系统阻力随纵向距离增大而减小,但系统内各AUV相比单体AUV无法获得阻力收益;在三角队形中,当横向距离为2.46 m、纵向距离为1.21 m时,系统阻力达到最小。研究成果可为多AUV编队航行提供一定参考。

基于CFD的某畜禽车厢体内机械通风优化设计

为研究某畜禽车厢体的内部结构对厢体温度场和风速场的影响,并了解厢体内气流的流动状态和温度的分布情况,利用计算流体力学的方法,建立计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模型,并对厢体的温度场和风速场进行仿真分析。将模型的模拟值与实测值进行对比,结果显示,模拟值与实测值最大绝对误差为1.8℃,温度值相对误差范围在5%以内的测点有20个,风速值相对误差范围在10%以内的测点有21个,模拟得到的结果与实测值拟合度较高。通过改变厢体内隔板的结构和通风孔的尺寸及数量来提供优化方案,优化后的厢体内温度均匀性得到明显改善,温度显著降低,为畜禽车厢体的内环境优化提供可靠基础。

基于CFD法的桨前预旋导流罩设计与分析

为满足现有船舶能效指数(energy efficiency existing ship index,EEXI)要求,达到节能减排的目的,基于水动力学基础理论,设计一种桨前预旋导流罩节能装置。该装置由加速型导管和导叶组成:加速型导管可以使水流紧贴船体,改善流动分离,使进入螺旋桨的水流更加均匀,从而提高螺旋桨的推进效率;导叶可以为螺旋桨提供预旋,减少能量损失。利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)软件对比分析优化前后的船尾流场和伴流分布。通过组合与优化节能装置的设计参数,节能装置的节能效果可达7.96%。与自航试验结果比较,证明了采用CFD软件进行桨前预旋导流罩节能装置设计是切实可行的。

Dynamical analysis,control,boundedness,and prediction for a fractional-order financial risk system

This paper delves into the dynamical analysis,chaos control,Mittag–Leffler boundedness(MLB),and forecasting a fractional-order financial risk(FOFR)system through an absolute function term.To this end,the FOFR system is first proposed,and the adomian decomposition method(ADM)is employed to resolve this fractional-order system.The stability of equilibrium points and the corresponding control schemes are assessed,and several classical tools such as Lyapunov exponents(LE),bifurcation diagrams,complexity analysis(CA),and 0–1 test are further extended to analyze the dynamical behaviors of FOFR.Then the global Mittag–Leffler attractive set(MLAS)and Mittag–Leffler positive invariant set(MLPIS)for the proposed financial risk(FR)system are discussed.Finally,a proficient reservoir-computing(RC)method is applied to forecast the temporal evolution of the complex dynamics for the proposed system,and some simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the present scheme.