<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections for detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssyner...<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections for detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) secondary to spinal cord injury. <strong>Study Design:</strong> Prospective study. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out in 18 SCI patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) receiving Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections treatment. Contain 200 U botulinum toxin intradetrusor and 100 U external urethral sphincter injections. The effective outcomes included maximum detrusor pressure at first DO and DESD (PdetmaxDO-DESD), volume at first DO and DESD (VDO-DESD), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument (I-QoL). Adverse events were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> All patients experienced a significant mean reduction in PdetmaxDO-DESD (50.75%), maximum urethral closure pressure (26.34%) and a significant mean increase in VDO-DESD (63.00%) 12-weeks post-injection. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement in mean Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument was also found. No obvious adverse event and toxic effect was observed. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections is a good choice for patients with DO and DESD secondary to spinal cord injury. It could not only protect the upper urinary tract but also improve quality of life.展开更多
目的:评价A型肉毒杆菌毒素(BTX-A)尿道外括约肌注射加巴氯芬口服治疗脊髓损伤后尿道外括约肌协同失调症(DESD)的临床效果。方法:尿流动力学检查证实脊髓损伤后DESD患者38例,男31例、女7例,平均年龄(36.5±17.8)岁。200 U BTX-A溶解...目的:评价A型肉毒杆菌毒素(BTX-A)尿道外括约肌注射加巴氯芬口服治疗脊髓损伤后尿道外括约肌协同失调症(DESD)的临床效果。方法:尿流动力学检查证实脊髓损伤后DESD患者38例,男31例、女7例,平均年龄(36.5±17.8)岁。200 U BTX-A溶解于8 ml生理盐水,使用尿道镜注射针分8点二平面注射于尿道外括约肌(1 ml/点)。术后第2日,随机选取12例患者(BTX-A+巴氯芬组)加服巴氯芬10 mg/次、3次/d,服用3个月,与另外26例患者作比较(BTX-A组)。4周后复查尿流动力学,随访2～9个月,比较治疗前后排尿症状、尿动力学检查结果的变化,并观察毒副作用。结果:治疗后1个月,膀胱贮尿和排尿功能有不同程度改善,最大尿流率、单次尿量、最大膀胱测压容积、膀胱顺应性增加,剩余尿量及充盈末逼尿肌压力下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。BTX-A+巴氯芬组患者症状改善程度及膀胱顺应性明显优于单纯BTX-A组(P<0.05)。BTX-A+巴氯芬组有3例患者因出现神经系统不良反应而停药,其余患者无明显不良反应发生。结论:BTX-A注射加巴氯芬口服可以有效改善脊髓损伤后逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调症患者的排尿障碍,长期疗效尚需进一步的随访观察。展开更多
Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or...Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there.are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining （increasing intra-abdominal pressure） and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. Tn adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises （described as sham biofeedback）, and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults.展开更多
Tanshinone ⅡA, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. This study intravenously injected tanshinone ⅡA 20...Tanshinone ⅡA, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. This study intravenously injected tanshinone ⅡA 20 mg/kg into rat models of spinal cord injury for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that tanshinone ⅡA could reduce the inflammation, edema as well as compensatory thickening of the bladder tissue, improve urodynamic parameters, attenuate secondary injury, and promote spinal cord regeneration. The number of hypertrophic and apoptotic dorsal root ganglion（L6–S1） cells was less after treatment with tanshinone ⅡA. The effects of tanshinone ⅡA were similar to intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone. These findings suggested that tanshinone ⅡA improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction by remodeling the spinal pathway involved in lower urinary tract control.展开更多
Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mu...Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission alone.Consequently,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent disease.With further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger problem.In this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent IBD.These disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based therapies.Moreover,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological distress.There is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active IBD.This article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.展开更多
Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory condition that can cause significant bladder dysfunction manifesting either as overactive bladder or impaired bladder emptying.Patients will often complain of urgency,frequenc...Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory condition that can cause significant bladder dysfunction manifesting either as overactive bladder or impaired bladder emptying.Patients will often complain of urgency,frequency,nocturia,urgency incontinence,hesitancy,straining to void,and incomplete bladder emptying.While these symptoms can be treated with pharmacologic agents,often patients will require more significant treatments.Patients should first be evaluated with urodynamics in order to adequately diagnose the pathologic condition causing their symptoms.These interventions include catheter use,injection of botulinum toxin,neuromodulation,urethral stenting,sphincterotomy,suprapubic catheter with bladder neck closure,bladder augmentation and urinary diversion.The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence supporting each of these treatment options so urologic providers can better provide for this unique and complex patient population.展开更多
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections for detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) secondary to spinal cord injury. <strong>Study Design:</strong> Prospective study. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out in 18 SCI patients with detrusor overactivity (DO) and detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) receiving Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections treatment. Contain 200 U botulinum toxin intradetrusor and 100 U external urethral sphincter injections. The effective outcomes included maximum detrusor pressure at first DO and DESD (PdetmaxDO-DESD), volume at first DO and DESD (VDO-DESD), maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP), and Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument (I-QoL). Adverse events were recorded. <strong>Results:</strong> All patients experienced a significant mean reduction in PdetmaxDO-DESD (50.75%), maximum urethral closure pressure (26.34%) and a significant mean increase in VDO-DESD (63.00%) 12-weeks post-injection. Significant (p < 0.001) improvement in mean Incontinence-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument was also found. No obvious adverse event and toxic effect was observed. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Combined detrusor and external urethral sphincter BTX-A injections is a good choice for patients with DO and DESD secondary to spinal cord injury. It could not only protect the upper urinary tract but also improve quality of life.
文摘Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there.are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining （increasing intra-abdominal pressure） and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. Tn adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises （described as sham biofeedback）, and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2015M581120
文摘Tanshinone ⅡA, extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exerts neuroprotective effects through its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties. This study intravenously injected tanshinone ⅡA 20 mg/kg into rat models of spinal cord injury for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that tanshinone ⅡA could reduce the inflammation, edema as well as compensatory thickening of the bladder tissue, improve urodynamic parameters, attenuate secondary injury, and promote spinal cord regeneration. The number of hypertrophic and apoptotic dorsal root ganglion（L6–S1） cells was less after treatment with tanshinone ⅡA. The effects of tanshinone ⅡA were similar to intravenous injection of 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone. These findings suggested that tanshinone ⅡA improved functional recovery after spinal cord injury-induced lower urinary tract dysfunction by remodeling the spinal pathway involved in lower urinary tract control.
文摘Recent advances in biological therapies have revolutionalised and redefined treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).There is now a stronger emphasis on achieving the more stringent therapeutic goals of mucosal and histological healing,rather than clinical remission alone.Consequently,the treatment of refractory“functional”gastrointestinal symptoms,often attributed as the aftermath of previous inflammation,has recently become more prominent in quiescent disease.With further expected advances in anti-inflammatory treatments on the horizon,the burden of such symptoms in quiescent disease,which have been relatively neglected,is set to become an even bigger problem.In this article,we highlight the current state of research and understanding in this field,including recent developments and clinical practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms,such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional anorectal and pelvic floor disorders,in patients with quiescent IBD.These disorders are not only highly prevalent in these patients,they are often misdiagnosed,and are difficult to treat,with very few evidence-based therapies.Moreover,they are associated with substantial impairment in quality-of-life,considerable morbidity,and psychological distress.There is therefore an urgent need for a change in emphasis towards earlier recognition,positive diagnosis,and targeted treatment for patients with ongoing functional gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of active IBD.This article also highlights the need for further research to develop much needed evidence-based therapies.
文摘Multiple sclerosis is a neuroinflammatory condition that can cause significant bladder dysfunction manifesting either as overactive bladder or impaired bladder emptying.Patients will often complain of urgency,frequency,nocturia,urgency incontinence,hesitancy,straining to void,and incomplete bladder emptying.While these symptoms can be treated with pharmacologic agents,often patients will require more significant treatments.Patients should first be evaluated with urodynamics in order to adequately diagnose the pathologic condition causing their symptoms.These interventions include catheter use,injection of botulinum toxin,neuromodulation,urethral stenting,sphincterotomy,suprapubic catheter with bladder neck closure,bladder augmentation and urinary diversion.The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence supporting each of these treatment options so urologic providers can better provide for this unique and complex patient population.
