An empirical study on the relationship between Chinese environmental regulation and economic growth

To achieve sustainable and healthy economic development,it is necessary for Chinese government to regulate the environment.Therefore,it has important significance to study the relationship between environmental regulation and economic growth.This paper deals with the method of measuring the Chinese provincial panel data from 2010 to 2018 to carry on the empirical analysis.The results show that environmental regulation in the eastern region has no significant negative effect for economic growth,to the central and western regions is a significant role in promoting economic growth.Finally,this article puts forward targeted policy suggestions based on the research results.

Topical Issues of Regulation of Economic Relations in Internet Environment

This article examines current issues of regulation of economical relations in the lnternet environment. Complexities, created by global and virtual features of the Internet economy, are characterize＆ Problems associated with the implementation of the tax and customs policy, regulation of e-money circulation, virtual labor, intellectual property rights protection and consumer rights, as well as personal information are analyzed. Specifics of economic crimes and problems of their control in a virtual environment are commented. Also, the ways to address these problems are indicated.

The Government Regulation of Economy Transformations in Terms of the Multinational Entrepreneurship Development and Technological Progress

In this paper, the mechanisms and principles of economic regulation from the classical and modem approaches standpoints were analyzed, the typical for world economic theory trends of the government＇s economic role elaboration, of the government regulatory authority, reducing in favor of market self-organization was argued. The transnationalization as a factor of government regulation mechanisms modernization was estimated and the perspectives of government and MNC interactions development in the modem world were evaluated. The recommendations for improving the government economical regulation infrastructure and mechanisms due to the conditions of economy globalizing, transnational business developing, technologies progressing were presented

Socio-economic and Psychosocial Determinants of Smoking and Passive Smoking in Older Adults

Objective To determine the associations of socio-economic and psychosocial factors with active and passive smoking in older adults. Methods Using a standard interview method, we examined random samples of 6071 people aged 〉 60 years in 5 provinces of China during 2007-2009. Results World age-standardised prevalence for current and former smoking in men was 45.6% and 20.5%, and in women 11.1% and 4.5%. Current smoking reduced with older age but increased with men, low socioeconomic status （SES）, alcohol drinking, being never-married, pessimistic and depressive syndromes. Former smoking was associated with men, secondary school education, a middle-high income, being a businessman, being widowed, less frequencies of visiting children/relatives and friends, and worrying about children. Among 3774 never-smokers, the prevalence of passive smoking was 31.5%, and the risk increased with women, low SES, alcohol drinking, being married, having a religious believe, and daily visiting children/relatives. There were sex differences in the associations, and an interaction effect of education and income on smoking and passive smoking. Conclusion Older Chinese had a higher level of smoking and passive smoking than those in high income countries, reflecting China＇s failures in controlling smoking. The associations with low SES and different psychosocial aspects and sex differences suggest preventative strategies for active and passive smoking.

The Relationship between Civil&Commercial Law and Economic Law in the Context of the Market Economy

Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By analyzing the relationship between civil&commercial law and economic law in the context of market economy,this article explores the similarities and differences between,and through the perfection and application of the two,China’s social and economic stability and a lasting progress can be better realized under the mechanism of market economy.

Research on the Policies and Means Changes of Macro Regulation and Control of Chinese and Foreign Governments

In the process of economic development, government uses the "visible hand" to achieve macroeconomic regulation and control for "market failure", which has been common knowledge among people after World War II. Comparing policy and means adopted by Chinese and foreign governments in macro regulation and control, we can see that the choice is different in different historical periods and the change of emphasis in macro regulation and control policy and means has the convergence tendency. We can make the following conclusion from research of the change rules of macro regulation and control means in the market economic condition of Chinese and foreign governments: supply-side structural reform in China complies with the basic rules of development of market economy.

Hungarian Economic Policy Measures After the 2008 Financial Crisis

The 1923 Global Economic Crisis （also called ＂The Great Depression＂） that had hit the whole world, caused the economists and politicians to see more clearly. As it has become obvious several times after World War II., deep changes were needed to be done concerning economic processes. In those times, many smaller crises had risen in different countries, affecting their micro-economic structures, however neither of them had such widespread effects as the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, that has struck several economic sectors, most of all, the finance industry. Numerous studies had been carried out, examining the causes and consequences of the 2008 Crisis. In this study the authors will give an organized overview on the circumstances that characterized the outbreak of the crisis, and focus on the impacts of the events, in particular, its effects on Hungary. To manage the crisis, each country used different economic approaches, took different measures, but the main concept, that economic processes needed strict regulations, was globally accepted, or at least, identified. Regulation of the financial sector, more specifically, of accounting standards was and is of paramount importance. At the outbreak of the crisis, Hungarian economy had been in a unique situation, and directly after 2008, Hungarian economic indicators showed a more favorable economic state compared to Western European countries. This has occurred because of the government＇s stabilization fiscal and economic policies in the years preceding the depression, when they had been trying to compensate the financial and economic decisions made during the previous years. But these indicators soon have changed and began to demonstrate a more realistic picture and showed the true economic state of the country. Besides the financial area, the Crisis had affected-on account of foreign currency lending--a wide range of the Hungarian society as well.

生成式人工智能治理的经济法逻辑

在广受关注的生成式人工智能领域,各主要国家正在加强经济法治理,我国在该领域的经济法治理还未得到足够重视,并存在多方面问题。经济法的双重功能及其体系构造决定了它在生成式人工智能治理上具有不可替代的作用,围绕生成式人工智能的国际规则竞争尤其需要经济法发挥作用。经济法对生成式人工智能的治理应当促进发展与安全的融合,注重系统治理,加强事前防范与事后回应相结合、专项规则供给与一般规则适用相结合。宏观调控法和市场规制法应当基于各自优势在生成式人工智能治理中发挥相应作用;考虑到生成式人工智能在不同阶段的复杂情形,经济法治理应当分段进行、区别对待。为了使经济法治理更加精准、更具效率,需要科学构建生成式人工智能风险评价机制。

经济修辞的基本原则

修辞是一种复杂的语言活动。修辞的过程,从本质上说,就是语言资源配置的过程,需要应合特定的题旨情境,朝着既定的修辞目标预期而努力。为此,修辞主体(表达者)在语言资源配置的过程中就必须遵循一定的原则。其中有三项最基本的原则,是修辞主体必须要始终牢记并遵循的,这就是:“增量达标”原则、“减量达标”原则和“调控适变”原则。

数字政策对城市经济韧性的影响研究

基于2013—2022年30个省份面板数据,利用PSM-DID模型分析了不同城市数字政策制定对城市经济韧性影响,同时分析了环境规制和产业数字化转型在数字政策促进城市经济韧性提升过程中的作用.研究结果表明:数字政策执行对城市经济韧性具有显著的正向效应,在沿海地区中的效应要强于在内陆地区中的效应.产业数字化转型在数字政策对城市经济韧性的影响中起着中介作用,且存在一定的非线性效应;在较高的产业数字化转型水平下,数字政策促进城市经济韧性提升的效应更为显著;环境规制在数字政策促进城市经济韧性提升的过程中发挥着动态调节作用,即在环境规制执行前期,数字政策不利于城市经济韧性提升,而在环境规制执行后期,数字政策对城市经济韧性起着积极的促进作用.

环境规制对林业绿色经济效率的影响

以2005—2021年《中国统计年鉴》、《中国林业与草原统计年鉴》、《中国林业统计年鉴》、《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》、《中国环境统计年鉴》等省级的时空二维数据为数据源(个别缺失值采用线性插值法进行补充),以数据相对完整的中国30个省、自治区、直辖市的林业绿色经济为研究对象。以林业绿色经济效率为评价指标(可分为规模经济效率、纯技术经济效率),采用林分每公顷林木蓄积量、新造林面积、林业系统职工人数、林业固定资产投资额作为投入指标,以期望产出(林业总产值、林业产业高级化指数)、非期望产出(林业生产的二氧化碳排放量)作为产出指标;以环境规制为直接影响因素,从推式和拉式两个维度进行选取,推式环境规制指标选取环境污染治理投资完成额、生活垃圾无害化处理率、工业固体废物利用率,拉式环境规制指标选取环境基础设施建设投资完成额、造林面积占比、建成区绿化覆盖率;以林业社会保障、国家投资、灾害防治率、林业技术创新、劳动力受教育程度、城镇化、林业集聚度、交通密度为间接影响因素;结合评价指标和影响因素,构建评价指标体系。应用依据松弛值测算的超效率(SBM)模型、空间自相关模型、空间计量模型,分析环境规制对林业绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明:林业绿色经济效率,整体上呈现东高西低的趋势,并且具有正向的空间溢出效应;环境规制对本区域及相邻区域林业绿色经济效率影响的相关系数,分别为-0.0594、-0.0781,环境规制提升对邻近地区林业绿色经济效率的抑制作用相对本地区更大;林业绿色经济效率提升,更加依赖于规模扩张;环境规制与林业绿色经济效率之间具有“U”型关系。综合研究结果,建议:差异化制定环境规制、建立横向补偿机制、推动林业技术创新为引擎。

ISDS语境下“干净之手”原则之再审视——兼论其与经济制裁的互动

“干净之手”原则在国际法中的发展历史反映出其规范定位尚不清晰,原因在于包括ISDS在内的国际争端解决机制对该问题缺乏系统分析与论证。“干净之手”原则在国内法中的发展及运行表明该规则构成一项“一般法律原则”,其本质在于给寻求法律救济之人施加道德要求。然而,ISDS现有实践对该原则的适用及适用后产生的法律效果均存在混乱和偏差,这进一步削减了其与经济制裁互动的现有实践价值。回归国内法理论,会发现各国阻断法规定将可能成为该原则在ISDS中与次级经济制裁互动的中间桥梁。

环境规制对长江经济带经济高质量发展影响的传导机制

工业发展极大地促进了中国的经济增长,但在资源和环境的双重压力下,经济高质量发展成为新时代的必然要求。在“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”的长江经济带新发展格局下,探讨环境规制对经济高质量发展影响的传导机制具有重要意义。该研究以2005—2019年长江经济带108个地级及以上城市面板数据为研究对象,构建了经济高质量发展的指标体系,将技术投入和产业结构作为中介变量,使用中介效应模型验证了环境规制与经济高质量发展的中介效应,并采用动态门槛模型探讨了不同门槛变量水平下环境规制对经济高质量发展影响的差异。研究发现:①中介效应检验结果表明,技术投入和产业结构均在环境规制对经济高质量发展的影响中具有部分中介效应。环境规制有助于提升技术投入水平、促进产业结构调整,进而对经济发展质量产生正向影响。②门槛模型的结果表明,技术投入和产业结构作为环境规制的门槛变量时,环境规制对经济高质量发展存在门槛效应。在高技术投入、产业结构落后的区域,环境规制可以更好地促进经济高质量发展。③门槛效应异质性结果表明,技术投入和产业结构变量的门槛效应存在时间异质性,技术投入政策导向和产业结构刚性等因素会影响环境规制政策的实施效果。基于以上结论,提出以下政策建议:①制定差异化的环境规制政策,推动环境规制政策的有效实施。②提高技术投入水平,为经济高质量发展提供新动能。③优化产业结构,推动产业绿色化转型升级。④明确环境补偿和专项治理机制,促进区域经济和环境规制协同发展。

演化博弈视角下转基因技术环境风险规制的演化机制

转基因技术作为一项革命性的生物技术,虽具备广阔的经济潜力,却引发了广泛的环境安全担忧。有效的环境风险规制体系对于确保技术安全应用至关重要,同时需平衡科技进步和经济发展。本研究通过建立多方演化博弈模型,深入探讨政府、环保组织和企业在转基因环境风险监管中的决策因素和相互作用。研究结果显示,政府的决策参数如严格监管成本和面临的企业经济诉求压力,对三方主体的策略选择产生显著影响;环保组织的决策受到多个参数的影响,包括维权成本、社会支持和政府的严格监管处罚等;而企业预期收益、信息披露、社会负面效应和投机成本等参数会显著影响企业决策;同时,各方主体之间存在着相互制衡的关系,这种相互制衡有助于实现环境安全监管的可持续发展,确保转基因技术的稳定推广并在社会可控的范围内应用。这一研究为制定更有效的政策和策略,以确保转基因技术的环境安全提供了有益的指导,并为国际合作提供借鉴,促进转基因技术国际规范发展。

国有企业稳增长:跨周期调节机理与实施路径

稳增长是国有企业的核心功能之一。文章从跨周期调节视角论述了国有企业稳增长的内在机理、经验事实与实施路径,研究发现:国有企业稳增长要坚持发挥国家发展规划的战略导向作用,以做实做强做优实体经济为着力点,以促进经济增长方式转变、结构优化、动力转换为重点,坚持稳中求进方法论,促进高质量发展;国有企业在基础设施、科技创新、区域平衡发展、收入分配、社会责任等领域的跨周期调节表现较为突出;新发展阶段,国有企业稳增长的实施路径包括:拓展有效投资空间和领域、优化国有资本空间行业布局、发挥价格调节机制在降低宏观经济运行成本中的基础性作用、提供更多高质量的基本公共产品和服务。

不确定性感知与企业绿色技术创新——基于区域与企业异质性视角的分析

实现碳达峰碳中和是推动高质量发展的内在要求,企业积极开展绿色技术创新有利于实现经济的绿色可持续发展。在面对宏观环境的经济政策不确定时,企业对不确定性的感知能力能否帮助企业发挥抵抗风险作用?能否将外部经济政策不确定性转化为企业的内在发展动力实现绿色技术创新?文章探究企业经济政策不确定性的感知程度对其绿色技术创新的影响,并分析了其中的作用机制。在此基础上使用2007—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据和企业层面经济政策不确定性指标等数据进行实证检验,并提出政策建议。研究发现,企业经济政策不确定性感知程度的增加能够促进企业绿色技术创新水平的提高。机制分析表明,从外部融资视角看,经济政策不确定性感知的增加可以通过缩小信息不对称与减小企业融资约束提高企业的绿色技术创新能力;从企业内部管理视角看,经济政策不确定性感知的增加能够通过增强企业战略积极性和提升绿色认知能力来提高企业的绿色技术创新能力。通过企业外部地区特征与内部自身特征异质性分析发现,企业所在地区经济发展水平、数字经济发展程度与地区创新活力越高,越有利于企业经济政策不确定性感知促进绿色技术创新,对于非重污染、社会责任表现较差、自身风险承担水平较低的企业这一促进作用更为明显。进一步分析政企互动关系发挥的作用发现,国有企业与政府环境规制水平较高地区的企业拥有更强的绿色创新能力,而政府环保补贴在这一过程中发挥的作用并不充分。研究结论对我国企业实现绿色技术创新具有重要的启示:企业需要充分把握市场信息与市场机遇,树立可持续发展目标;政府需要积极缩小企业与市场、企业与政府间的信息不对称,强化地区创新活力,针对不同地区与类型企业实施经济政策;政府应当完善经济政策平稳机制,积极引导企业正确认知经济政策不确定性带给企业的机会与风险,发挥好政府调节作用,加快实现企业的绿色技术创新与绿色转型发展。

自愿参与型环境规制与企业绿色技术创新——经济政策不确定性及CEO开放性的调节作用

企业绿色技术创新是推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化的重要引擎。基于2012—2021年我国A股上市公司数据,考察了自愿参与型环境规制对绿色技术创新的影响及内在作用机制,并检验了经济政策不确定性、CEO开放性的调节作用。结果表明,自愿参与型环境规制有利于企业绿色技术创新。进一步机制分析发现,自愿参与型环境规制通过缓解融资约束和提高企业内部控制质量双重机制对企业绿色技术创新产生促进作用。调节机制检验结果显示,自愿参与型环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的正向影响,在经济不确定性较低、CEO开放程度较高时表现得更为明显。研究结论不仅有助于深化自愿型环境规制和企业绿色技术创新关系的认识,还为加快推动企业绿色转型、实现高质量发展提供决策参考。

碳排放权交易对城市绿色经济效率的影响研究

全国碳交易市场的建立,表明以碳排放权交易政策为主体的市场激励型环境规制政策逐渐成为推动绿色经济发展的主要力量。本文以此为背景,收集2008—2019年中国277个地级市的面板数据,构建了双重差分面板模型,研究碳排放权交易政策对城市绿色经济效率的影响,从平行趋势、安慰剂等方面进行稳健性检验。结果表明:碳排放权交易政策显著提高了城市绿色经济发展效率。针对研究结论,为实现绿色经济发展,政府需要加快完善碳排放权交易市场,深入推进碳排放权交易市场在全行业的应用,充分发挥其在市场上的绿色经济效应。

新型城镇化建设与城市低碳治理——基于国家新型城镇化综合试点政策实施的准自然实验

新型城镇化是消除快速城镇化弊端、科学推进城镇化发展的重要抓手。利用2007—2019年206个地级及以上城市数据,以国家新型城镇化综合试点政策的实施为新型城镇化建设的准自然实验,运用多期双重差分方法实证分析了新型城镇化建设对城市低碳治理的影响。研究发现:新型城镇化建设显著抑制了城市碳排放,国家新型城镇化综合试点政策促使试点城市的碳排放强度平均下降了3.02%,并且随着政策的推进其效果逐渐增强。异质性分析发现,新型城镇化建设仅对东部城市、中部城市以及大城市的碳排放强度具有显著的抑制作用。机制分析发现,新型城镇化建设主要通过抑制城市蔓延、促进经济集聚、强化环境规制降低城市碳排放强度。因此,建议地方政府加快推进新型城镇化多维目标考核,加大节约集约用地与环境监管力度,探索区域间差异化的新型城镇化推进路径,最终实现城镇的低碳发展。

安徽省环境规制、技术创新与经济高质量发展的时空耦合分析

全球碳减排的背景下,如何在注重环境问题的情况下实现经济高质量发展成为各国经济发展的主题。以安徽省为例,研究环境规制、技术创新与经济高质量发展的时空耦合性,从多个维度构建评价指标体系,利用熵值法、耦合协调模型等,从三系统及两两系统角度分析各系统间耦合协调度的大小及时空分布特征与变化。研究表明:时序上,安徽省环境规制显著,技术创新水平与经济发展质量稳步提高,三个系统间逐步有序发展;空间上,安徽省内系统间耦合状况存在地区异质性。三系统间耦合度特征逐步“低差异、平均化”,耦合协调度呈现出东高西低的趋势;两两系统间,环境与技术、环境与经济的作用高于技术与经济的作用,系统间耦合质量提升,耦合协调度以合肥市为中心,展现出“中心高、外围低”的结构特征。