Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the planet.Some environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low resilience.The determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological restoration.We proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic composition.We described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and soils.All three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as Chamaecrista choriophylla,Cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia subalata.The distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt concentration.We provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local conditions.Failure to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.This study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

Enhancing Secure Development in Globally Distributed Software Product Lines: A Machine Learning-Powered Framework for Cyber-Resilient Ecosystems

Embracing software product lines(SPLs)is pivotal in the dynamic landscape of contemporary software devel-opment.However,the flexibility and global distribution inherent in modern systems pose significant challenges to managing SPL variability,underscoring the critical importance of robust cybersecurity measures.This paper advocates for leveraging machine learning(ML)to address variability management issues and fortify the security of SPL.In the context of the broader special issue theme on innovative cybersecurity approaches,our proposed ML-based framework offers an interdisciplinary perspective,blending insights from computing,social sciences,and business.Specifically,it employs ML for demand analysis,dynamic feature extraction,and enhanced feature selection in distributed settings,contributing to cyber-resilient ecosystems.Our experiments demonstrate the framework’s superiority,emphasizing its potential to boost productivity and security in SPLs.As digital threats evolve,this research catalyzes interdisciplinary collaborations,aligning with the special issue’s goal of breaking down academic barriers to strengthen digital ecosystems against sophisticated attacks while upholding ethics,privacy,and human values.

Environmental factors influencing organic carbon stocks across different pools in alpine ecosystems

Quantitative assessment of organic carbon(OC)stocks in different habitats is crucial in ecology.Understanding the drivers affecting OC stocks across distinct carbon pools is essential for comprehending current patterns and predicting future changes.Alpine ecosystems,important for atmospheric CO_(2)regulation and highly vulnerable to climate change,are priority study areas.This research aims to estimate OC stocks in different pools(soil,organic horizons,and aboveground vegetation)and identify factors influencing these stocks in an alpine environment.We sampled 146 sites representing six forest types and two grassland types in the Gran Paradiso National Park(northern Italian Alps).Field samples of soils,organic horizons,and data on aboveground trees were collected to assess OC stocks,along with environmental variables.Our findings reveal nuanced variations in OC stocks across different ecosystem components.In grasslands,average soil OC was 5.57 kg m^(-2),while in forests it was 4.11 kg m^(-2).Organic horizons contained an average of 0.70 kg m^(-2),and aboveground vegetation in forests stored 6.61 kg m^(-2).Linear Mixed Models indicate that soil OC is influenced by habitat type,soil type,and elevation.OC in organic horizons is affected by aspect and forest habitat type,with composting further influenced by elevation.These results contribute to OC stock inventories for alpine ecosystems and enhance our understanding of how environmental factors influence carbon storage.Importantly,they underscore the need to consider soil type and other factors beyond land use when modeling OC stocks.This insight has implications for designing effective territorial strategies to address climate change,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach to carbon stock assessment and management in alpine regions.

Groundwater level thresholds for maintaining groundwater-dependent ecosystems in northwest China:Current developments and future challenges

Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems(GDEs)in the arid region of northwest China are crucial for maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity.However,the ongoing decline in groundwater levels caused by excessive groundwater exploitation poses a potential threat to GDEs.This paper reviews the current developments and future challenges associated with defining groundwater level thresholds for maintaining GDEs in arid regions.It focuses on methods for identifying and investigating these thresholds,with particular attention to recent advances in northwest China.Additionally,this paper highlights the limitations and future challenges in determining these thresholds,including the complexities of ecological processes,groundwater systems,data availability,and methodological constraints.To address these issues,a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates new technologies,such as multi-source data fusion,machine learning models,and big data and cloud computing,will be essential.By overcoming these challenges and utilizing effective methods,appropriate groundwater level thresholds can be established to ensure the longterm sustainability of GDEs.

Assessment of Ecosystems Damages Caused by Russian War against Ukraine

The question of the impact of war on ecosystems still remains secondary in the internal and external policy of states, society and the agenda of international organizations. From the point of view of losses in monetary terms, the values of ecosystem damages obtained in the work, which are a consequence of the impact of hostilities on the environment, correspond to the annual budgets of the largest countries in the world or exceed them. The presented calculations significantly exceed the known normative methods, the use of which in the conditions of war is limited in space and time. Objective difficulties associated with the uncertainty of many processes of the development of ecological systems and their reaction to the multifactorial impact of war are also significant limitations. Therefore, as part of the study, a method of assessing the impact of war on the environment is proposed, which is based on the patterns of energy flows in ecosystems from the moment it is binding by producers. This made it possible to take into account in the calculations the principle of functional integrity of the ecological system, according to which the destruction or damage of the components of a functionally whole environment will necessarily cause negative phenomena in the development of ecological systems. The results are presented in the form of real values of ecological losses in energy and monetary equivalents, as consequences of the loss of ecosystem services. As the results of the research show, the minimum amount of damage to ecosystems from Russian tanks is 43,500 USD per day. Environmental damage from Russian fighter jets has been estimated at $1.5 billion per week since the start of the war. Noise from military operations causes losses of at least 2.3 billion US dollars per year. The obtained results create prerequisites for improving the system of ensuring environmental safety at the local, state, and international levels and transferring the obtained solutions into safety-shaping practice.

Urban Ecosystems

As global urbanization accelerates,urban ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges.In the past,humans have seen themselves as masters of the universe,controlling natural resources through large-scale urbanization.However,with a deeper understanding of ecosystems,people are realizing that they are only one part of the ecosystem,and that the health of urban ecosystems is directly related to the well-being and future of humanity.

产业生态系统视角下新质生产力发展内在逻辑及形成机制

产业生态系统涵盖了发展新质生产力过程中的先进技术、关键产业和核心要素,成为研究新质生产力发展的重要视角。基于“技术—产业—要素”分析框架探讨新质生产力发展的内在逻辑:在技术层面,历史上的四次产业革命表明,产业生态系统推动一系列革命性技术创新;在产业层面,产业生态系统通过资源共享、知识溢出和技术扩散,促进新兴产业的形成和发展;在要素层面,产业生态系统借助“数据—算法—流量”和“数据—网络—活动”的动态反馈循环机制,实现生产要素的创新性配置。产业生态系统可分为创新生态系统、商业生态系统和平台生态系统三个子系统。其中,创新生态系统突破新质生产力创新边界,商业生态系统拓展其应用场景,而平台生态系统则优化其要素配置。进一步推动新质生产力发展,应构建一个系统,确保各要素协同发展;坚持双轮驱动,整合科技创新和制度创新;促进四链融合,加强创新链、产业链、资金链和人才链的互动。

乡村旅游发展中的生态系统文化服务功能研究——以安徽肥东黄张村为例

探究与发挥乡村旅游的生态系统文化服务功能及其作用机制,是推进乡村旅游高质量发展,实现乡村振兴的重要路径。以安徽省肥东县黄张村为例,运用文献分析、实地调研、参与式观察、半结构化访谈方法和复合生态系统理论,揭示乡村旅游开发与生态系统文化服务功能的耦合关系与互动机制。研究认为:乡村旅游开发与乡村生态系统文化服务间的耦合关系为“发展动力—价值感知—耦合协调—复合增益”,生态系统文化服务功能渗透于乡村旅游空间生产并促进乡村“社会空间—生态空间—文化空间”三种类型空间演化,乡村生态系统文化服务价值在乡村旅游发展中被游客和居民感知并被开发与利用,在实现农民增收和壮大乡村富民产业,提升乡村产业发展水平中发挥重要作用。黄张村旅游发展中生态系统文化服务表现出色,生态系统文化服务功能有效发挥,推动了乡村旅游高质量发展。

不同格网尺度下生态系统服务价值空间分异及影响因素分析--以秦岭西安段为例

[目的]探究生态系统服务价值空间分异的尺度效应,为秦岭地区的生态保护和经济发展决策提供参考。[方法]运用改进当量因子法,计算了2020年秦岭西安段5 km,3 km,2 km,1 km和0.5 km共5个格网尺度水平上的生态系统服务价值;采用空间自相关分析和冷热点分析归纳了不同尺度下地均ESV空间分异特征;并利用地理探测器对各尺度下的影响因素作用强度进行定量分析。[结果](1)地均ESV总体上呈北低南高的分布格局,具有小分散、大集聚的空间分布特征,并随尺度降低,其局部越丰富,但整体性降低;(2)2 km尺度适合进行宏观分析和做整体性布局规划,1 km尺度适合进行水域变化对区域ESV影响的研究;(3)格网尺度越小,各影响因素内部差异增加,其整体性特征减少,局部特征差异凸显,空间分异性增强;(4)人类活动带来的土地利用方式转变显著影响区域生态系统服务价值,多因素耦合作用显著影响区域地均ESV空间分异,随尺度降低,其影响减弱。[结论]秦岭西安段的生态保护要重点关注区域土地利用性质的转变,可继续加强退耕还林政策,管控建设用地的规模,在兼顾生态保护的基础上,制定经济发展的布局规划。

Assessing the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems Nexus in Smart Irrigation: A Potato Farming Case Study in Lebanon

This study examines the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) nexus in Lebanese agriculture, with a focus on the shift from conventional surface irrigation techniques to advanced smart irrigation systems in the Bekaa region, specifically targeting potato cultivation. The study quantitatively analyzes the interaction among water, energy, and agricultural outputs at the farm scale using the WEFE Nexus framework for scenario analysis. It evaluates variations in water productivity, environmental effects, and economic outcomes, offering a detailed view of existing practices and their sustainable improvement potential. The WEFE Nexus assessment demonstrates that smart irrigation integration significantly decreased resource usage: water consumption was reduced by 58%, diesel fuel use for irrigation dropped by 57%, and the demand for labor and fertilizers decreased by 47% and 49%, respectively. This change led to enhanced crop yields and increased resource efficiency, demonstrating the potential of smart irrigation as a transformative strategy for sustainable agriculture in Lebanon and other arid areas. Economic analysis showed that farmers could recover the costs of installing the smart irrigation system within 3 months. The findings highlight the need for further research on integrating smart irrigation with renewable energy, showing potential for sustainable agricultural development. .

Sora文生视频大模型对学术期刊出版的机遇、挑战及应对

随着Sora文生视频大模型的迅猛发展,学术期刊出版正在经历深刻的变革与重塑。Sora技术的多模态特征与智能化能力,一方面促进学术信息的动态整合与开放获取,推动传统出版模式向协同创新与知识共享的新范式转型;另一方面,赋予著作权归属和著作权风险治理等新的价值意蕴。面对Sora文生视频大模型对学术期刊出版带来的机遇和挑战,学术期刊应构建跨学科协作网络、重塑基于价值的学术评价标准、创新人才培养机制,强化全球学术出版治理。文本通过系统分析大语言模型、文生视频大模型驱动下的新兴学术生态,旨在为学术界提供理论视角和实践样态,实现知识生产的原创性与伦理性,推动学术出版在新技术环境中的学术治理现代化及可持续高质量发展。

易地搬迁社区体育文化生态系统的建构逻辑

易地搬迁是党中央做出的重大战略部署,是从根本上解决生态脆弱地区、偏远山区和民族地区群众脱贫发展的重要举措。易地搬迁社区的体育文化生态系统建构,不仅是社区文化建设的重要组成部分,更是促进搬迁居民社会融入、提升生活质量的关键途径。从价值逻辑看,它是实现国家搬迁工程的稳定的时代呼求,是促进易地搬迁居民社会适应的现实诉求,是培育居民文化认同与塑造居民价值秩序的理论诉求。从内容逻辑看,它是由体育社会生态和体育自然生态组成。从方法逻辑看,就搬迁居民而言,强化其文化认同;就政府而言,政府支持和认可其制度;就社会而言,关注和监督其发展是其基本实现路径。

中国城市生态资产管理指数构建与实证评估

高水平的生态资产管理是实现生态保护和绿色发展相得益彰的重要保障。论文突出生态资产的稀缺属性和产权属性,通过梳理“生态资源—生态资产—生态资本—生态产品”全链条转化流程界定了生态资产管理的内涵,构建包括生态资源禀赋、政府生态资产管理、生态保护补偿、市场化价值实现四个维度,由16个一级指标、41个二级指标和72个三级指标构成的中国城市生态资产管理评估指标体系。基于337个地级及以上城市数据,论文评估了中国城市在生态资产管理上的总体水平及多维进展,得到中国城市生态资产管理综合指数和四个分领域指数。结果显示:中国城市生态资产管理初具成效,但城市间差异明显,生态资产管理综合水平提升潜力大;生态资源禀赋与政府生态资产管理能力、生态保护资金需求与地方财力存在地区失衡,生态保护补偿与市场化价值实现水平存在空间分异;健全政府生态资产管理体制机制是关键抓手。最后,从更好发挥政府作用、开展常态化评估、因地制宜分类施策等角度提出政策建议。

社会责任履行、创新生态系统构建与开放式创新战略绩效提升:基于科大讯飞的纵向案例研究

中国式创新要求企业兼顾社会责任履行、创新生态系统构建和创新绩效提升。基于资源依赖理论及利益相关者理论,采用纵向案例研究方法,在深入剖析科大讯飞成立24年来社会责任履行和创新生态系统构建历程基础上,探索高科技企业“社会责任-创新生态系统-开放式创新战略绩效”关系框架。研究发现:高科技企业的社会责任履行一般遵循责任理想、政策响应和战略契合3个阶段;社会责任履行促进创新生态系统构建的基本模式为“社会责任-创新种群共生-创新群落互动-创新生态演化”;创新生态系统助力开放式创新战略绩效提升的主要路径为创新资源获取和创新协同共生;创新生态系统可在社会责任履行和开放式创新战略绩效提升之间发挥桥接作用。本研究为高科技企业构建自立自强的创新生态系统提供了理论支撑和实践示范。

生态学研究方法论:需求牵引、假说驱动、多层次综合、研究-过程尺度匹配、定性定量结合、应用验证

生态学是研究生物与环境关系的科学,目的是解决人类面临的生态环境问题。然而,不少生态研究结果不能可靠地解释、预测野外现象,更无助于实际问题的解决,其根本原因是方法论出了问题。与物理系统不同,生态系统是复杂适应系统,由具有独特内在性质的适应主体组成;子系统种类多,非线性相互作用类型多;系统不同层次间相互作用不稳定。根据这些特点,基于科学哲学原理、复杂性科学理论及生态学研究成功案例,文章首次提出生态学研究方法的六个原则,建立了生态学研究范式。原则1:需求牵引。社会需求是科技发展的根本驱动力。生态学本质上是一门应用科学,故更应注重需求牵引,提出与解决实际生态环境问题密切相关的科学问题。原则2:假说驱动。假说-演绎法是现代科学研究的基本范式。这对复杂适应系统的研究显得尤为重要,好的假设可使我们从复杂现象中抓住解决科学问题的突破口,开展直奔主题式的研究设计。原则3:多层次综合分析。由于不同层次间作用动态变化,且各层次成员间普遍存在非线性相互作用,故对此类系统的研究应进行多层次综合分析。至少要考虑三个层次,即现象发生的中心层次及其邻近的高、低两个层次。首先应对中心层次宏观量进行归纳分析,建立经验关系即宏观格局,进而探讨宏观格局与高层次背景及历史演化的关系,然后开展宏观格局的低层次机制研究。原则4:研究尺度与过程尺度相匹配。研究尺度与所研究现象相关过程的尺度不匹配是导致众多生态研究结论不可靠的最重要原因。尺度不匹配有两种类型:实验与现象的时间、空间和组织尺度不匹配;调查数据分析尺度与相关过程尺度不匹配。因此,生态研究尺度必须与过程尺度相匹配。首先必须开展野外观测,开展恰当尺度的分析,然后在近自然系统开展长时间模拟实验,证实野外结论,分析机制;中小宇宙实验应能模拟相关生态过程。原则5:定性机制与定量模型相结合。对于适应系统,精确的定量关系难以建立,其原因是变量异质性、难以运用统计量演绎法。据此特点,适应系统研究应首先阐明定性机制,即建立概念模型。定性机制很重要,不仅自身就有解释、预测能力,而且为定量模型提供坚实的基础;只有基于机制,定量模型才能具有更强的普适性和预测能力。为了减少变量异质性的影响,可在不同区域对定量模型进行率定,以提高预测能力。原则6:应用验证。除实验验证外,应不断进行应用验证,以检验所得规律是否真正有助于解决实际问题,并确定其适用范围。

基于InVEST模型的连云港市赣榆区生态系统服务功能评价

为更好地协调生态保护与社会经济发展的关系,科学评估区域生态系统服务功能及其重要性显得尤为重要。以连云港市赣榆区为研究对象,采用生态系统服务和权衡的综合评估(InVEST)模型,从固碳释氧、水质净化、生物多样性和水资源供给4项服务进行生态功能重要性评价分区,定量识别该区重要生态功能区。评价结果表明,赣榆区重要生态功能区总面积为383.06 km^(2),占全区总面积的25.93%;其中,Ⅰ级重要生态功能区面积为8.24 km^(2),Ⅱ级重要生态功能区面积为82.13 km^(2),Ⅲ级重要生态功能区面积为292.69 km^(2),初步构建了赣榆区生态安全格局,以促进本区生态系统保护与社会经济发展相协调。在此基础上,结合赣榆区农业发展现状,对三级重要生态功能区保护及全区农业开发利用提出了相应建议,为赣榆区优化国土空间格局、推进生态文明建设提供参考。

Microclimate and Its Formation Mechanism in Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. Plantation Ecosystems in the Subtropical Zone of China

Microclimate characteristics and related environmental energy mechanisms were examined based on the long term located observations in the mature, thinned and young Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation ecosystems in western Hunan Province, China. The results show that the mature plantation ecosystem can improve the microclimate significantly by regulating the amount and spatial distribution of environmental energy, which delineates the pattern of the microclimate in forest ecosystems in the process of ecological restoration. Compared with the young plantation, the mature plantation ecosystem decreased annual mean air temperature by 0 4℃. The maximum decrease in monthly mean air temperature was 2 3℃. The mature plantation ecosystem decreased annual mean ground temperature by 1 2℃ with a maximum decrease in monthly mean ground temperature of 2 3℃. Mainly due to the dense canopy, the mature forest ecosystem regulates the distribution of radiation energy, and expenditure ratios of heat budget and principal energy components to decrease temperature or make it even.

以生成式人工智能重塑智慧学习环境:从要素改进到生态重构

智慧学习环境作为教育数字化转型的重要支撑,在建设过程中涌现出数据孤岛、模型局限、资源定型、工具繁杂、服务僵硬、场景割裂等问题。生成式人工智能作为人工智能技术发展的新形态,给智慧学习环境的升级与变革带了新的机遇。研究以生成式人工智能为动力引擎升级了三层六要素的智慧学习环境理论模型,认为智慧学习环境中的数据要素由低质化转向高效化、模型要素由判别式转向生成式、资源要素由表象化转向语义化、工具要素由分布式转向集成化、服务要素由预定义转向自适应、场景要素由边缘化转向中心化。在此基础上,研究进一步明晰了生成式人工智能可通过重构人才培养理念、知识与课程观、教学模式与学习方式、教育评价体系及教育治理模式变革智慧学习环境生态。研究深入剖析了智慧学习环境的内部要素改进与外部生态重构,为塑造智慧学习环境新形态提供理论研究支撑与实践探索方向。

以社会视角审视老年护理机器人面临的挑战

目的探讨老年护理机器人面临的挑战,为老年护理机器人的应用及推广提供参考。方法2023年4-10月,通过目的抽样,选择2名政府人员、2名技术提供商、2名养老机构管理者、2名养老护理员、3名老年人、2名大学教师、2名保险公司代表和2名媒体代表进行半结构式访谈。采用描述性质性研究,以社会生态系统理论为指导,访谈的关键问题涉及技术本身的优势和潜在风险、利益相关者的责任和态度、社会大众需要了解的信息、可能面临的障碍,以及技术引入可能对社会产生的影响。采用主题分析法分析访谈资料。结果老年护理机器人的应用及推广面临三大挑战共12个主题:对个人或团体的挑战(对技术的期望值过高、接受度不足、伦理冲突和对知识的挑战)、对社会层面的挑战(社会资源利用不均、数字基础设施不完善、文化和社会认可、法律法规滞后、预算和采购困难)和产品推广的挑战(技术与需求的鸿沟、推广的困境、安全与隐私问题)。结论为了成功引入和推广老年护理机器人,需要综合考虑个人、团体和社会文化等方面的挑战,除了克服技术上的困难,还需要考虑社会观念、法规制度和社会资源分配等层面的问题以及如何融入现有的护理体系。

工业互联网平台主导的创新生态系统价值共创机制——以海尔卡奥斯为例

工业互联网平台主导的创新生态系统长效发展成为重要议题,也是中国数字经济与实体经济融合的关键。以卡奥斯工业互联网平台为案例研究对象,探索工业互联网平台主导的创新生态系统价值共创机制。研究发现,价值共创机制包括模块化机制、场景化机制和互补机制;创新生态系统中,模块化机制、场景化机制和互补机制高效整合生态资源,提升生态数字化能力,从而形成创新生态系统的同边网络效应、跨边网络效应和跨领域网络效应。研究结果有助于丰富创新生态系统价值共创的研究情境,完善工业互联网平台理论研究,为我国工业互联网平台生态化发展提供理论借鉴。