Efficacy evaluation and survival analysis of the combination of oxaliplatin plus Teysuno (SOX) with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the conversion therapy of locally advanced gastric cancer

Background:The efficacy of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)with chemotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer has been explored.However,limited research exists on its effectiveness in conversion therapy,and its superiority over standalone chemotherapy remains to be elucidated.This study aims to investigate the efficacy and survival outcomes of patients treated with ICIs in combination with conversion therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Retrospective data from patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with either oxaliplatin+S-1(SOX)alone or in combination with ICIs in conversion therapywere collected.Clinical andpathological characteristics,disease-free survival,andefficacy assessments in nonoperable patients were compared between the 2 treatment groups.Efficacy was further evaluated through dynamic changes in serum markers,and patients’quality of life was assessed using the QLQ-STO22(Gastric Cancer–Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire)quality-of-life measurement scale.Results:A total of 140 patients underwent conversion therapy:80 in the SOX alone group and 60 in the SOX combined with the ICIs group.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups.Compared with the SOX alone group,the SOX combined with ICIs group exhibited a higher conversion rate(83.3%vs 75%,P=0.23),R0 resection rate(90.0%vs 83.3%,P=0.31),pathological complete response(pCR)rate(18%vs 5%,P=0.02),median disease-free survival(21.4 vs 16.9 months,P=0.007),the objective response rate in nonoperable patients(60%vs 40%,P=0.301),and median progression-free survival time(7.9 vs 5.7 months,P=0.009).The QLQ-STO22 quality-of-life assessment revealed statistically significant improvements in pain,swallowing difficulties,and dietary restrictions in the combination therapy group compared with those in the monotherapy group.The enhanced efficacy of immune combination with SOX is evident,as demonstrated by the significantly prolonged surgical duration in operated patients(206.6±26.6 min vs 197.8±19.8 min,P=0.35)and intraoperative blood loss(158.9±21.2 mL vs 148.9±25.1 mL,P=0.59).No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications.Conclusions:Compared with the SOX conversion therapy regimen,SOX combined with ICIs demonstrated higher conversion rates,R0 resection rates,pathological response rates,and disease-free survival without increasing surgical difficulty or complications.Nonoperable patients also experienced longer progression-free survival and objective response rates.

Overview of Cosmetic Efficacy Evaluation Methods Based on Antioxidant Mechanisms

Ultraviolet(UV),ozone(O_(3)),and particulate matter(PM)in air pollutants in the external environment can induce skin aging through oxidative mechanisms such as free radicals,lipid peroxidation,and protein oxidation.Antioxidant cosmetics can be used to defend against oxidative damage caused by the external environment to the skin.In China,the claimed cosmetics need to be managed according to new efficacy cosmetics,but there are currently few reports on the evaluation methods for such new efficacy cosmetics.The efficacy evaluation methods of cosmetics with antioxidant mechanisms under UV,O_(3),and PM models were reviewed,and the skin damage caused by UV,O_(3),and PM were introduced.Suggestions for the application of each model in the efficacy evaluation of antioxidant cosmetics and raw materials were given to provide ideas for new efficacy claims and technical references for establishing a new efficacy evaluation system.

Application of gemstone spectral imaging for efficacy evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization

AIM: To assess the value of gemstone spectral imaging (GSI) in efficacy evaluation in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment.METHODS: Thirty patients with HCC underwent GSI, including nonenhanced, arterial, portalvenous and delayed phase scans, after TACE treatment. Arterial phase images were acquired with GSI for reconstruction of virtual nonenhanced images and color overlay images. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed in all these patients. Two blinded and independent readers evaluated the data in two reading sessions; standard nonenhanced, arterial, portalvenous, and delayed phase images were read in session A, and the optimal monochromatic images, iodine/water based images and spectrum features were read in session B. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated with the DSA data as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity were compared using the χ2 test.RESULTS: DSA revealed 154 lesions in 30 patients, and 100 of them had blood supply. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 72% (72/100) and 77.8% (42/54) for session A, and 97% (97/100) and 94.4% (51/54) for session B, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the two reading sessions were significantly different (χ2 = 23.04, χ2 = 7.11, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional CT, GSI could significantly improve the detection of small and multiple lesions without increasing the radiation dose. Based on spectrum features, GSI could assess tumor homogeneity and more accurately identify residual tumors and recurrent or metastatic lesions during efficacy evaluation and follow-up in HCC after TACE treatment.

Efficacy Evaluation of Self-created"Lung Health Breathing Exercise"in Adjuvant Therapy for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

[Objectives]To evaluate the intervention effect and safety of self-created Lung Health Breathing Exercise on TCM syndromes,6-min walk test(6MWT)and quality of life in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).[Methods]76 cases of outpatient or inpatient patients who were diagnosed with stable COPD in Nanchong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2020 to March 2021 were selected,randomly divided into experimental group and control group,38 cases in each group.Both groups were given conventional western medicine treatment and nursing measures.The experimental group was added with the self-created Lung Health Breathing Exercise.After 12 weeks of treatment,the TCM syndrome score,6MWT distance,quality of life score and the incidence of adverse events were observed in the both groups.[Results]After treatment,the 6MWT distance and quality of life scores in both groups were significantly improved(P<0.01),and the TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01).[Conclusions]Lung Health Breathing Exercise can benefit patients in terms of symptom improvement,quality of life and exercise ability,and is a safe and effective rehabilitation measure for patients with stable COPD.

Research progress in clinical efficacy evaluation of tumor immunotherapy

Tumor immunotherapy has been a research hotspot in the field of tumor therapy in recent years,especially the successful development and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors,which has brought tumor immunotherapy into a new era.Unlike conventional treatment methods,such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and targeted therapy which directly affect tumor cells,immune checkpoint inhibitors block tumor immune environment checkpoint pathways and stimulate tumor-specific T cell functions to achieve anti-tumor effects.However,the clinical efficacy evaluation of immune checkpoint blockers still faces many challenges,and the solid tumor evaluation criteria(response evaluation criteria in solid tumors,RECIST)applicable to traditional chemotherapy drugs cannot accurately assess the efficacy of immunotherapy.Immune-related response criteria need further research.

Prospects for the future of clinical efficacy evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine——Emphasis on original theory and clinical practice

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)clinical efficacy evaluation runs through the development of TCM and has been progressing so far.With the introduction of evidence-based medicine(EBM)in recent 20 years,TCM clinical efficacy evaluation has developed rapidly,accumulated research and experience,improved the quality and standardization of research,but also gradually found deep-seated deficiencies.In 2019,the China Center for Evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(CCEBTCM)was established,and TCM was included in the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases(ICD-11).In above opportunities for TCM clinical efficacy evaluation,it is necessary to face up to the previous deficiencies,so that the TCM clinical efficacy evaluation can truly reflect the actual clinical practice characteristics,including TCM clinical problems,TCM thinking and TCM diagnosis&treatment mode.Based on the summary and analysis of past research,development concepts are proposed in this article.On the one hand,original concepts of TCM should be confidently paid more attention to the design and implementation of TCM clinical efficacy evaluation to be close to TCM clinical practice.On the other hand,it is necessary to consolidate the foundation of TCM clinical practice before evaluating efficacy.Evaluated object built on TCM ontology knowledge should be demonstrated based on clinical practice,and unknown evaluated object combined with new methods,technologies and concepts should be maturely integrated in clinical practice firstly.

Experimental Method of Cosmetics Human Efficacy Evaluation-Whitening

This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics whitening efficacy test,the measurement method of skin melanin content,skin chromaticity and the instruments used,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous test scheme design and scientific basis for whitening efficacy claim.

Experimental Method Of Cosmetics Human Efficacy Evaluation-Delaying Skin Aging Efficacy

This paper briefly introduce the test method for human evaluation of cosmetics to delay skin aging,and provide reference for the test of relevant indexes.By formulating a reasonable test plan and choosing appropriate equipment to test the improvement of the skin aging characteristics before and after the product is used,it can provide a scientific basis for claiming the effect of delaying skin aging.

Experimental Method of Cosmetics Human Efficacy Evaluation——Moisturizing

This paper briefly introduces the human body evaluation test method of cosmetics moisturizing efficacy test,according to stratum corneum moisture content test,skin moisturizing capacity test and other test methods and the instruments used are briefly introduced,so as to provide ideas for scientific and rigorous experimental scheme design and scientific basis for the claim of moisturizing effect.

Cosmetic Safety and Efficacy Evaluation under the New Regulations

In order to cooperate with the implementation of the relevant cosmetic safety and efficacy evaluation as regulated according to the Regulations on the Supervision and Administration of Cosmetics, the National Medical Products Administration has successively promulgated The Technical Guide of Safety Assessment for Cosmetics and the Standard for Evaluation of Cosmetic Efficacy Claims. This paper comprehensively summarizes the requirements and methods for the evaluation of cosmetic safety and efficacy claims under the new regulations, and puts forward suggestions for relevant enterprises and practitioners, which provides useful guidance and reference for the cosmetic safety and efficacy claim evaluation.

Design Efficacy Evaluation of a Landscape Information Modeling-Stable Diffusion(LIM-SD)-based Approach for Ecological Engineered Landscaping Design:A Case Study of an Urban River Wetland

This study introduces a Landscape Information Modeling±Stable Diffusion(LIM±SD)-based digital workflow for ecological engineered landscaping(EEL)design,focusing on urban river wetlands.It explores how students from diverse academic backgrounds perform EEL tasks using the LIM±SD approach.A total of 30 participants,including industrial design postgraduates and landscape architecture undergraduates and postgraduates,completed the design tasks.The efficacy of their designs was assessed through expert evaluations on site appropriateness,aesthetics,spatial layout,and eco-engineering techniques of the design proposals,as well as the parametric simulation which calculated the vegetation coverage rate and proportion of riparian areas for each design.Moreover,evaluation of participants’subjective design experiences was conducted via questionnaires.Results indicated that landscape architecture postgraduates outperformed others applying ecological engineering principles.The study also elucidated discrepancies between LIM models and SD-generated renderings,as well as the uncertainty of SDgenerated renderings,suggesting improvements are needed to align digital outputs with ecological design criteria.

Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy combined with habit reversal training on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome

BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)and habit reversal training(HRT)have shown application potential in addressing tic symptoms and comorbid psychiatric conditions.Despite their theoretical potential,empirical evidence on their combined efficacy remains limited.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CBT combined with HRT on anxiety disorders in children with Tourette’s syndrome(TS).METHODS Clinical data of children with TS admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to June 2023 were collected,and the patients were grouped into the conventional therapy(control)group and the CBT combined with HRT group.Baseline charac-teristics,anxiety scores,tic severity scores,treatment adherence,and parental satisfaction were assessed.Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests,chi-square tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS A total of 136 patients,including 65 patients in the control group and 71 patients in the CBT combined with HRT group,were included.The CBT combined with HRT group showed remarkable improvements compared with the control group.Post-intervention assessment revealed a decrease in anxiety scores from 63.52±1.81 to 40.53±1.64(t=2.022,P=0.045),and the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale total score decreased from 22.14±5.67 to 16.28±4.91(t=2.288,P=0.024).Treatment adherence was significantly higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(85.47±7.62%)compared with the control group(82.32±6.54%;t=2.596,P=0.010).Parental satisfaction scores were also higher in the CBT combined with HRT group(8.69±1.77)compared with the control group(7.87±1.92;t=2.592,P=0.011).CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that CBT combined with HRT significantly reduces anxiety symptoms and tic severity in children with TS,with higher treatment adherence and parental satisfaction.These findings support the potential application of this comprehensive therapeutic approach for TS treatment.

Exploration of the Evaluation Method for the Soothing Effect of UV Induced Human Skin Damage Model

To explore the method of evaluating the soothing effect of human skin damage,a human skin damage model was established using UV light induction.Four test areas were set up,namely blank control area,UV damage prevention and soothing area,immediate soothing area after UV damage and soothing area after UV damage.Five skin parameters,including skin melanin,red pigment value,skin pigmentation value,a*value,and skin redness value,were used to characterize skin pigmentation before and after using the sample Changes in properties such as skin erythema and skin pigment.The results showed that the method showed significant changes in the skin condition of volunteers before and after using the sample,and could achieve a soothing effect,which has certain reference significance.

The Application of Assessment of the Quality of Life in the Clinical Efficacy Evaluation System and the Selection of Questionnaires of Chinese Medicine Treating Tumors

In China, CM has been applied to treat almost every cancer patient, especially during the observation period after surgery, routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Several decades of CM treatment results have shown that CM treatment could be helpful in improving patients＇ physical rehabilitation, relieving symptoms and strengthening immunity. CM also could aid in the decline of rates of recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time, and especially, have significant effects on relieving symptoms such as relieving fatigue, improving syndromes caused by conventional therapies （surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biological treatment）, and indescribable discomforts caused by the unknown reason. It has been found in several studies that conventional medical treatment combined with CM could significantly improve QOL, and reduce treatment-related and disease-related symptoms. Patients treated with CM and Western medicine have higher scores in the fields of psychology, society,

Quantitative characterization of cell physiological state based on dynamical cell mechanics for drug efficacy indication

Cell mechanics is essential to cell development and function,and its dynamics evolution reflects the physiological state of cells.Here,we investigate the dynamical mechanical properties of single cells under various drug conditions,and present two mathematical approaches to quantitatively characterizing the cell physiological state.It is demonstrated that the cellular mechanical properties upon the drug action increase over time and tend to saturate,and can be mathematically characterized by a linear timeinvariant dynamical model.It is shown that the transition matrices of dynamical cell systems significantly improve the classification accuracies of the cells under different drug actions.Furthermore,it is revealed that there exists a positive linear correlation between the cytoskeleton density and the cellular mechanical properties,and the physiological state of a cell in terms of its cytoskeleton density can be predicted from its mechanical properties by a linear regression model.This study builds a relationship between the cellular mechanical properties and the cellular physiological state,adding information for evaluating drug efficacy.

Reevaluation of the Efficacy of Intravenous Gammaglobulin in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery Lesion in Kawasaki Disease

In order to objectively evaluate the efficacy of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG) in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery lesion (CAL) in Kawasaki disease (KD) and the related factors influencing the IVIG efficacy, 314 children with KD were reviewed retrospectively and comparatively and were divided into IVIG plus aspirin group and ASA group. The occurrence and restoration of CAL in these two groups as well as many laboratory and clinical indexes including average hospital stay (days), total fever duration, defervescence time, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein etc. were observed. The incidence of CAL was 39.5 % in the children with KD. In the IVIG+ASA group, the incidence of CAL was 34.3 % and 56.0 % in ASA group respectively (P<0.001). The incidence of CAL was reduced in the group in which 2.0 g/kg or 1.0 g/kg IVIG was administered as compared with the group in which IVIG was administered at a dose ≤0.6 g/kg or ≥3.0 g/kg (P<0.05). CAL occurred less frequently when IVIG was administered at 3-10 days of the course than that when IVIG was administered ≤3 days or >10 days (P<0.05). About 13.4 % of the CAL treated with IVIG was not recovered at the 12 th month of the course, mostly in the groups in which only ASA was administered and IVIG treatment was started 10 days later. The hospital stay (days), defervescence time, total fever duration, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein were significantly reduced in IVIG+ASA group as compared with those in the ASA group (P<0.05). IVIG treatment can remarkably shorten the course of patients with KD and decrease the incidence of CAL, but the efficacy of IVIG in the prevention and treatment of KD disease is not as expected by people, therefore, reevaluation of the practical efficacy of IVIG is required.

Considerations on Intervention Goal and Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

In the last several years, traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has made much progress in the treatment of neurological diseases. The living space of TCM in neurological diseases lies in refractory diseases, aging and chronic diseases caused by multiple factors as well as sub-health state and chronic fatigue state. The effect model of TCM mainly consists of whole effect, self-organization, self-stable model, holographic effect and butterfly effect. The effective point of TCM in neurological diseases lies mainly in end-points and health-related events. Moreover, TCM has advantages in the evaluation of symptoms, syndrome and quality of life （QOL）. Some key indexes should be included when evaluating the efficacy of TCM in neurological diseases. Meanwhile, the advantages of TCM such as end-points, health-related events and QOL should be highlighted. Multi-subject researching methods could be adopted to make a comprehensive evaluation of subjective and objective indexes. The clinical evidence on the TCM efficacy evaluation may come from RCTs, and other types of designs can also be considered.

Evaluation of Moisturizing Efficacy of A Fresh-Milk Cream

The moisturizing effect of a fresh-milk cream after single and long-term application was studied by the combination of subjective and instrumental methods.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of fresh milk as a moisturizer in skin care products.Thirty female subjects aged 18~55 years were enrolled and a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled comparison study was applied in this research.The stratum corneum water content and transdermal water loss on the cheek,and VISIA-CR images of the whole face were recorded after using the samples.The subjective evaluation of the subjects were also collected.The results showed that the fresh milk cream played a significant role in increasing the water content of facial stratum corneum,improving the transdermal water loss and skin redness compared with the base formula without fresh milk.It indicated that fresh milk can be added to skin care products as a moisturizing agent,which can replenish moisture and enhance the skin barrier function.

Efficacy of High-efficiency Formula Pesticides for Controlling Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-efficiency formula pesticides and precise and efficient application techniques for the prevention and control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner.[Methods]Field efficacy trials were conducted using different combinations of 70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam seed treatment dispersible powder and 46%monosultap·Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder.[Results]70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)+46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)had good control effects on both S.inferens and C.lanigera,so it was an ideal high-efficiency formula pesticide for controlling sugarcane S.inferens and C.lanigera.From January to May,combining with new plant or perennial root cultivation management,70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)can be evenly spread on sugarcane ditches and sugarcane stumps after being well mixed with fertilizers applied per hectare,and covered with soil in a timely manner,and during the peak incubation period of the first and second generation of S.inferens eggs from March to May,46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)was sprayed to the leaf surface in the mixture with water 675 kg with an electric backpack or a motorized sprayer.In such a way,the control efficacy on dead heart seedlings could reach over 89.8%,and that on C.lanigera could reach 100%.Meanwhile,it could effectively and concurrently control thrips,and the increases in yield and sugar content could reach 29310 kg/hm^(2)and 5.9 percentage points,respectively.[Conclusions]The promotion and application of the formula pesticide could achieve precise application and control of sugarcane pests,and improvement of sugarcane quality and planting efficiency,and help promote green prevention and control of sugarcane diseases and pests and the sustained high-quality development of the sugar industry.

Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of a Fused OmpK/Omp22 Protein Vaccine Candidate against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection in Mice

Acinetobocter baumannfi （A. Baumannii） is an emerging opportunistic pathogen responsible for hospital-acquired infections, and which now constitutes a sufficiently serious threat to public health to necessitate the development of an effective vaccine. In this study, a recombinant fused protein named OmpK/Omp22 and two individual proteins OmpK and Omp22 were obtained using recombinant expression and Ni-affinity purification. Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with these proteins and challenged with a clinically isolated strain of A. boumonnii. The bacterial load in the blood, pathological changes in the lung tissue and survival rates after challenge were evaluated. Mice immunized with OmpK/Omp22 fused protein provided significantly greater protection against A. boumonnfi challenge than those immunized with either of the two proteins individually. The results provide novel clues for future design of vaccines against A. boumonnii.