Multifocal electroretinogram in non-pathological myopic subjects:correlation with optical coherence tomography

AIM： To investigate the changes of retinal function in non-pathological myopic subjects using multifocal electroretinography （mfERG） and to correlate the data with the central macular thickness obtained using optical coherence tomography （OCT）. ~ METHODS： One hundred and thirteen subjects （113 eyes） with age range from 18 to 35y were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into four groups according to spherical equivalent （SE） and axial length （AL）： emmetropia group （EG, n=31; SE： ＋0.75 to -0.50 D; AL： 22 to 24 mm）, low and medium myopia group （LMMG, n=26; SE： 〉-0.50 to -6.00 D; AL： 〉24 to 26 ram）, high myopia group （HMG, n--34; SE： 〉-6.00 to -10.00 D; AL： 〉26 to 28 mm） and super high myopia group （SHMG, n =22; SE： 〉-10.00 D; AL： 〉28 mm）. The P1 amplitude density, P1 amplitude, and P1 implicit time of the first- order kernel mfERG responses were obtained and grouped into five rings. The central subfield macular thickness （CST） was obtained using macular cube 512x218 scan of Cirrus HD-OCT. RESULTS： With the increasing of eccentricity, the first positive peak （P1） amplitude density （P=0.0000, 0.0001, 0.0021 in ring 1-3 respectively） and P1 amplitude （all P= 0.0000 in ring 1-5） of each group decreased. With the increasing of myopia, P1 implicit time gradually extended （all P=0.0000 in ring 1-3）. The average CST in four diagnostic groups was 241.56±12.72um, 244.56±12.19um, 254.33±11.61um, 261.75±11.83um respectively. With the increasing of myopia, CST increased （P〈0.001）. There was negative relationship between CST and P1 amplitude, P1 amplitude density （r =-0.402, P〈0.001; r= -0.261, P =0.003）. There was positive relationship between CST and P1 implicit time （r=0.34, P〈0.001）.~ CONCLUSION： With the increasing of myopia, P1 amplitude density and P1 amplitude of the first-order reaction gradually reduced. This showed potential decline in retinal function in myopia. To some extent it may reflect the functional disorder or depression of the visual cells, The exact mechanism needs further study,

Effect on multifocal electroretinogram in persistently elevated intraocular pressure by erigeron breviscapus extract

AIM: To observe the effect on multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in persistently elevated intraocular pressure (TOP) by erigeron breviscapus extract (also named Dengzhanhua in Chinese) in rat models. METHODS: The rat models with persistently elevated TOP were established by the method of Akira. Then, erigeron breviscapus extract was given for one month to observe the effect on mfERG in persistently elevated TOP in rats. RESULTS: As elevated TOP went on, the mfERG changes were mainly in weaken of reaction density with progressive development. After intervention of erigeron breviscapus extract, the total peak latency of 131 wave had recovered to some extent and the difference was significant when compared with control group (P <0.05); the total response density and P1 wave response density in second circle had risen noticeably, which had significant differences than those of control group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Erigeron breviscapus extract can improve the impaired visual function of persistently elevated TOP in rats, suggesting that this extract is the effective part of erigeron breviscapus for optic neuroprotection.

Brain derived neurotrophic factor keep pattern electroretinogram from dropping after superior colliculus lesion in mice

AIM： To determine if brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） could offer protention to retinal ganglion cells following a superior colliculus （SC） lesion in mice using pattern electroretinogram （PERG） and optical coherence tomography （OCT） as a measures of ganglion cell response and retinal health. METHODS： Seven C57BIJ6J mice with BDNF protection were tested with PERG and OCT before and after SC lesions, RESULTS： Compared with baseline PERG, the amplitude of PERG decreased 11.7% after SC lesions, but not significantly（P〉0.05）. Through fast Fourier transform （FFT） analysis of the PERGs before and after SC lesions, it was found that dominant frequency of PERGs stayed unchanged, suggesting that the ganglion cells of the retina remained relatively healthy inspite of damage to the ends of the ganglion cell axons. Also, OCT showed no changes in retinal thickness after lesions. CONCLUSION： It was concluded that BDNF is essential component of normal retinal and helps retina keeping normal function. While retina lack of BDNF, ex vivo resource of BDNF provides protection to the sick retina. It implies that BDNF is a kind therapeutic neurotrophic factor to retina neurodegeneration diseases, such as glaucoma, age related macular degeneration.

Evaluating role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in dry age-related macular degeneration using multifocal electroretinogram and fundus autofluorescence imaging

AIM：To evaluate the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in the treatment of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration（AMD）using multifocal electroretinogram（mf-ERG）and fundus autofluorescence imaging.METHODS：Thirty patients（60 eyes）with bilateral central geographic atrophy（GA）were recruited.Worse eye of each patient received autologous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells（BM-HSCs）（group 1）and the fellow eye with better visual acuity served as control（group2）.The effect of stem cell therapy was determined in terms of visual acuity,amplitude and implicit time in mf-ERG and size of GA on fundus autofluorescence imaging.These tests were performed at presentation and first,third and sixth month follow up.Adverse events（if any）were also monitored.RESULTS：At 6mo follow-up there was no statistically significant improvement in median log MAR best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）in either group.Mf-ERG revealed significant improvement in amplitude and implicit time in the intervention group.A significant decrease was also noted in greatest linear dimension（GLD）of GA in the eyes receiving stem cells[6.78±2.60 mm at baseline to 6.56±2.59 mm at 6mo（P=0.021）].However,no such improvement was noted in the control group.CONCLUSION：Electrophysiological and anatomical improvement in the intervention group sheds light on the therapeutic role of BM-HSCs.Further studies are required to determine the stage of disease at which the maximal benefit can be achieved and to standardize the dose andfrequency of stem cell injection.

Local Electroretinogram and Pattern Visual Evoked Potential in Maculopathies

Purposes: To observe the characteristics of local electroretinogram (LERG) in normal subjects and patients with maculopathies, and to evaluate the applied worth of LERG and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) in maculopathies. Methods: LERGs at 5° and 15° macular regions were recorded from 27 normal subjects (54 eyes). The factors of age, different eyes and stimulate areas for LERG influence were observed. Meanwhile, the LERG and PVEP were recorded from 25 patients (35 eyes) with maculopathies for making contrast study. Results: In normal subjects, there was no significant influence of age to LERG. As the stimulated areas increased, the a- and b-wave amplitudes of LERG increased. In the patients with maculopathies, the a- and b-wave amplitudes of LERG at 5°, 10°and 15° macular regions were significantly lowered and the mean values of P1 latency were prolonged and N1-P1 amplitudes of VEP were lowered, comparing with the control group. In the nearing stimulated area (5°LERG and 14. 9×19°PVEP.),

Possible role of sialylation of retinal protein glycans in the regulation of electroretinogram response in mice

AIM： To evaluate if the nature, degree and extent of Siaa2-3-/Siaa2-6-sialylation of retinal protein glycans plays a possible role in the development and regulation of electroretinogram response （ERG） in mice. METHODS： Proteins extracted, from retinae of postnatal day 2 （PN2）, PN7, and PN14 wild type （wt） and retinal degeneration 1 （rdl） mice were quantified, labeled and used for lectin-microarray profiling with immobilized lectins which recognize a wide range of N-/O-glycans. Net fluorescence intensities of lectin-ligand complexes were measured and images of fluorescent lectin-microarrays were acquired. From the binding curves between each lectin and protein extracts from PN14 wt and PN14 rdl mice retinae, the protein concentration was selected to determine optimum signal intensity for lectin-ligand binding. Mean_＋SEM values of proteins and fluorescence- intensities of lectin-ligand-complexes between 45 lectins and 36 protein extracts from wt and rdl mice retinae were compared for significance of differences. RESULTS： Comparison of the progressive relative changes in the sialylated glycans of retinal proteins from wt and rdl mice showed that Siao2-3Gall-4GIcNAc-glycans （but not Siaa2-6-glycans） were detectable and quantifiable from the retinal-proteins of PN7 and PN14 wt and rdl mice. Siaa2- 3-sialylation of retinal-protein Gal/o-linked-Gal-glycans was significantly increased with age in PN7 and PN14 wt and less so in PN14 rdl mice. Siao2-3-/Siaa2-6-sialylation of retinal-protein Gal/a-linked-Gal-glycans was absent in PN2 wt and rdl mice. Comparison of published ERG responses of wt and rdl mice retinae with degree of Siaa2- 3-sialylation of retinal-protein-glycans showed that PN2 wt and rdl mice lack both the ERG response and Siaa2- 3-/Siao2-6-sialylation of retinal-protein Gal/a-linked-Gal-glycans; rdl mice with relatively lower Siaa2-3-sialylation of retinal-protein Gal/a-linked-Gal-glycans showed aberrant ERG response; and wt mice with significantly higher Siaa2-3-sialylation of retinal-protein Gal/a-linked- Gal-glycans showed normal ERG response. CONCLUSION： Degree of Siaa2-3-sialylation of giycans possibly regulates ERG function in mice.

THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN MARFAN'S SYNDROME

Marfan’s syndrome(MS) is an inherited disease of connective tissue. The most characteristic ocular change is dislocation of lens, but myopia and retinal detachment also can occur. We examined 11 MS patients using electroretinography (ERG). 6 cases showed normal ERG. 5 cases had abnormal ERG. One had retinal detachment. 3 had my- opia and 1 case suffered from secondary glaucoma.The defects of visual function were shown by electrophysiological test in those MS patients.

SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN X-LINKED DICHROMATS-A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Spectral characteristics of X-linked Dichromats(13 protanopes, 20 deuteranopes) were studied with spectral ERG. The results are as follows: The maximal spectral response of the b-wave in protanopes tended to shift toward the short wavelength side and the sensitivity to long wavelengths decreased obviously. The ratio value of the amplitude in 500nm and in 620nm(500/620) was greater in the protanope than that in the normal subject. Like the normals, the maximal response of the b-wave in deuteranopes appea...

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTIFOCAL ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN THE FELLOW EYES OF PATIENTS WITH HIGH MYOPIA WITH RETINAL DETACHMENT

Objective To observe the changes on multifocal electroretinography （MfERG） in the fellow eyes of patients with high myopia without fundus lesions and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment （RRD）. Methods MfERG was performed in 66 patients （ 66 eyes） which were grouped into ： emmetropes （ n = 22 ） as the control eye ; high myopes without fundus lesions （ corrected visual acuity ≥ 1. 0, n = 15 ） ; and fellow eyes of high myopics with RRD （n = 29 ）. The first-order kernels N1, P1, N2 response density and latency were analyzed. Results When compared with the emmetropes group, the high myopes group had significantly reduced N1 , PI , and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, delayed N1 wave latency in rings 3 to 6, and P1 wave latency in rings 3 to 5 （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The fellow eyes group had significantly reduced N1, P1, and N2 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6 and significantly delayed N1 and P1 wave latencies in rings 3 to 6 （ P 〈0. 05） compared with the emmetropes group. Compared with the high myopes group, P1 wave response densities in rings 1 to 6, N1 wave response densities in rings 1,3, 4, and 6, and N2 wave response density in ring 1 were significantly decreased in the fellow eyes group （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; whereas there were no significant differences in latencies between the two groups （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion MfERG can sensitively assess the early changes in visual function in fellow eyes in patients with RRD.

Exploration of Multifocal Rod Electroretinograms Recording in Human

Purpose:To test the feasibility of recording rod multifocal electroretinograms (ERG) in humans and observe appropriate recording conditions.Methods: Multifocal rod ERG were recorded using a stimulus array of 61 equalsized hexagons in two normal subjects after the dark adaptation. Flashes were blue (W47B). Blank frames between two successive flashes of hexagons varied from 0 to 14. Length of the m-sequence, bandwidth, flash frequency, flash intensities and background intensities were changed to obtain appropriate recording conditions for the clinical use.Results:Multifocal rod ERG were clearly recordable and well formed. They had an early implicit time, very small negative wave and a late implicit time, large positive wave. The positive wave was bimodal, whose timing and waveform were similar to the full-field rod ERG. The local response amplitudes can be suppressed with increase in flash frequency or background intensity, decrease in flash intensity or the size of stimulus elements.Conclusions: Multifocal rod ERG can be recorded in human and can provide topographical maps of retinal function that have clinical usage. 212-1 m-sequence length, 3F blank frames and 3～ 300 Hz bandwidth were suggested to appropriate recording conditions.

Electroretinogram and Histopathologic Changes of the Retina after Methanol Intoxication

In order to study the functional and structural alterations of the retina in SD rat model after methanol intoxication,35 rats were divided randomly into five groups administrated with saline,3-day high dose,7-day high dose,3-day low dose and 7-day low dose methanol separately.The retinal function of each group was assessed by flash electroretinogram(F-ERG) 3 and 7 days after methanol poisoning.The microstructure and ultrastructure of the retina were observed at the same time.The high-dose methanol intoxication induced irreversible retinal functional and structural damages 3 days after poisoning,which included prolonged latency and reduced amplitude of the Max-reaction of F-ERG.These injuries were aggravated 7 days after poisoning.Meanwhile,the latency and amplitude of the Cone-reaction of F-ERG were also affected 3 days after poisoning,but there were no further worsening tendency 7 days after poisoning.The retinal histological analysis showed cellular edema,heteromorphy and disarrangement,tissular loosen of the inner nuclear layer and photoreceptors layer.The mitochondrial damage began at the photoreceptors layer and developed further into the inner nuclear layer.The low-dose methanol intoxication only caused transient damage of the retina.Our results showed that the function and structure of the photoreceptor and inner nuclear layer were the primary target of methanol intoxication and that the rod cells were more sensitive to methanol intoxication than the cone cells.The mitochondrial damage developed from outer layer to inner layer of the retina.

The Electroretinogram in Patients with Retinal Vascular Occlusion

Purpose: to measure and analyze the electroretinogram (ERG) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion. Method: fifty-eight cases (59 eyes) of retinal vascular occlusion and the fellow eyes of 47 cases were tested with Ganzfeld ERG. The scotopic and photopic ERG, and oscillatory potentials were tested according to the ERG standard of ISCEV. Results: The abnormal rates of Ops and b wave were higher in retinal vascular occlusion. The abnormal ERG appeared mostly in CRVO among four types of retinal vascular occlusion. The comparisons of some amplitudes and latencies between the fellow eyes and the affected eyes showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The oscillatory potentials and b waves have important roles in evaluating the retinal function of patients with retinal vascular occlusions. There are some clinical significance for comparing ERG between the affected eye and the fellow eye. Eye Science 2001; 17: 50 ～ 53.

Analysis of Oscillatory Potentials of Flash Electroretinogram in Frequency Domain and Time Domain in Retinal Vein Occlusion

Purpose: To analyse the parameters of frequency domain and time domain of the OPs in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods : OPs from 9 eyes of BRVO, 9 eyes of CRVO and 40 normal control eyes were tested . The frequency spectra of the OPs were derived through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The mean frequency spectra, the total power, the maximum magnitude, the maximum power and the dominant frequency in frequency domain of the OPs from the eyes of BRVO, CRVO and the normal control group were compared with each other. The OPs waveforms were reconstructed with the OPs frequency spectra data by counter-FFT. In time domain, the latencies, the amplitudes and the sum of the amplitudes of the four wavelets of OPs were measured and compared in the above subjects.Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the magnitudes of frequency spectra, the total power, the maximum magnitude and the maximum power in the frequency range from 110 to 250

养血滋阴方联合针刺治疗糖尿病眼底出血临床研究

目的:观察养血滋阴方联合针刺治疗糖尿病眼底出血的临床疗效及对动脉血流、视野的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将124例糖尿病眼底出血患者分为对照组、观察组各62例。2组均给予常规西药治疗,对照组在常规西药治疗基础上联用针刺治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联用养血滋阴方治疗,2组连续治疗1个月。比较2组治疗前后眼动脉血流指标(舒张期血流速度峰值、收缩期血流速度峰值、阻力指数)、眼底出血面积、黄斑厚度、视野灰度值、血管瘤体积、视网膜电图振荡电位(OPs);比较2组治疗前后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、视功能相关的生活质量量表(VFQ-25)、中医证候评分;比较2组治疗前后趋化因子样受体1(CMKLR1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板源性生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)水平,并评估2组临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率96.77%,高于对照组83.87%(P<0.05)。2组治疗后CMKLR1、TNF-α、VEGF、PDGF-BB水平及眼底出血面积、黄斑厚度、视野灰度值、血管瘤体积、阻力指数、OPs、VFQ-25、中医证候评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),观察组治疗后CMKLR1、TNF-α、VEGF、PDGF-BB水平及眼底出血面积、黄斑厚度、视野灰度值、血管瘤体积、阻力指数、OPs、VFQ-25、中医证候评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组治疗后舒张期血流速度峰值、收缩期血流速度峰值、BCVA水平升高(P<0.05),观察组治疗后舒张期血流速度峰值、收缩期血流速度峰值、BCVA水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:养血滋阴方联合针刺治疗糖尿病眼底出血疗效确切,能够抑制机体炎症,保护患者视网膜屏障,改善眼动脉血流、视力,提高生活质量。

成年食蟹猴视网膜结构和功能参数

目的测量成年食蟹猴视网膜结构和功能参数,探讨非人灵长类动物与正常人视网膜结构和功能参数的相似度。方法对3只5岁龄成年食蟹猴的6只眼进行彩色眼底照相、视网膜光学相干断层扫描(OCT)、视网膜电图(ERG)等在体的眼科学检查,测定猴眼视网膜黄斑中心凹区及距黄斑中心凹鼻侧、颞侧、上方、下方各1000μm、2000μm处的内外层视网膜厚度、视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度以及视盘面积、视杯面积、杯盘面积比等视盘参数和闪光ERG的生物学参数。比较不同眼别间各参数差异。参照既往已发表文献,比较各参数与正常人的相似度。结果正常成年食蟹猴的视网膜黄斑中心凹处厚度为(252.31±4.79)μm,视盘面积为(1.89±0.05)mm2,杯盘面积比为0.14±0.01,RNFL平均厚度为(103.53±0.58)μm。暗适应0.01 ERG b波振幅为(66.75±7.29)μV,暗适应3.0 ERG a、b波振幅分别为(57.15±15.01)、(122.10±25.51)μV,暗适应10.0 ERG a、b波振幅分别为(72.98±20.14)和(131.67±13.78)μV,振荡电位振幅为(49.98±10.08)μV,峰时为(30.02±5.76)ms。明适应3.0 ERG a、b波振幅分别为(9.16±2.75)和(40.43±5.57)μV。明适应闪烁光反应峰时为(26.61±1.19)ms,振幅为(24.72±5.10)μV。左、右眼各参数比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。食蟹猴中心凹区视网膜厚度、平均RNFL厚度、ERG的波形和振幅等结果与正常人的视网膜参数相近。结论成年食蟹猴视网膜结构和功能与正常人相近,其作为临床前药物研究的实验动物,可参考健康人群的视网膜参数。

影响实验动物视网膜电图结果稳定性的因素及对策

随着科技的发展,视网膜电图(ERG)在眼科动物实验中的应用日益增多,其丰富了动物实验中眼功能的活体指标。ERG可反映视网膜视锥、视杆等细胞的功能,用于研究视网膜疾病潜在机制及治疗效果。但由于动物实验的特殊性,数据结果会受到操作者主观因素的影响;且由于物种屏障,只能通过ERG波形来侧面推断动物的眼功能状态;此外,动物本身的状态、仪器设备、周围环境都会影响结果。ERG的波形稳定利于后期的数据分析,使结果更加准确。本文对眼科动物实验中影响ERG结果稳定性的因素进行综述,发现电极种类位置、麻醉状态、仪器参数、周围环境、操作时间等都会影响稳定性,并论述相应的解决方案,为提高动物实验中ERG结果的稳定性提供思路与方法,以促进中医眼科基础实验的发展。

糖尿病小鼠早期视觉功能损伤与初级视觉皮层神经元功能异常的相关性分析

目的探讨糖尿病小鼠早期视觉功能损伤及其初级视觉皮层神经元的反应特性。方法将20只SPF级7周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠应用随机数字表法随机分为糖尿病组和正常对照组,每组10只。糖尿病组小鼠经腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病模型。造模前及造模后1、2、3周检测小鼠的空腹血糖水平和体质量,并于造模后4周进行腹腔葡萄糖耐量试验以评估糖尿病模型建立情况。造模后4周,采用视网膜电图(ERG)分别记录小鼠暗适应下光刺激强度分别为0.01、3.0 cd·s/m 2的ERG反应,并于明适应10 min后记录光强度为3.0 cd·s/m 2的ERG反应评估小鼠视网膜功能;采用超广角激光扫描检眼镜检测小鼠的眼底表现;采用视觉水迷宫检测小鼠光栅辨别截止频率以评估小鼠的视觉功能;采用在体电生理技术检测小鼠初级视觉皮层(V1)神经元的空间频率调谐曲线并统计神经元的最大发放强度、自发放强度、最优空间频率、截止频率、带宽等以评估小鼠的神经元功能。结果糖尿病组10只小鼠均造模成功。造模后4周,糖尿病组小鼠暗适应光强度为0.01 cd·s/m 2的b波振幅、光强度为3.0 cd·s/m 2的a波和b波振幅以及明适应10 min后光强度为3.0 cd·s/m 2的b波振幅较正常对照组均有下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。眼底超广角成像检查显示糖尿病组小鼠视网膜未见明显血管改变;视觉水迷宫检测小鼠光栅辨别能力结果显示,糖尿病组小鼠截止频率为(0.45±0.06)c/d,明显低于正常对照组的(0.58±0.05)c/d,差异有统计学意义(t=5.10,P<0.05);在体电生理检查结果显示,糖尿病组小鼠视觉皮层V1区的神经元最大发放强度为4.29(2.60,8.33)spikes/s,明显低于正常对照组的7.10(4.34,11.6)spikes/s,最优空间频率、截止空间频率、带宽分别为0.03(0.02,0.05)、0.07(0.05,0.12)和0.14(0.07,0.22)c/d,明显低于正常对照组的0.41(0.03,0.05)、0.10(0.07,0.14)和0.14(0.10,0.26)c/d,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.29、-3.22、-3.19、-2.19,均P<0.05)。结论在糖尿病早期视网膜血管病变尚未出现时视觉功能即可出现异常,这种功能异常与视觉皮层V1区的神经元功能损伤有关。

Reduction on OFF-responses of Electroretinogram in Monkeys with Long-term High Intraocular Pressure

Background： There are ON- and OFF-pathways in the normal vertebrate retina. Short- and long-flash electroretinogram （ERG） are suitable methods to observe the function of ON- and OFF-pathways in vivo, respectively. It is clear that high intraocular pressure （IOP） might cause dysfunction of cone-dominated photopic negative response （PhNR） in monkeys with high lOP in ON-pathway. However, whether cone-dominated OFF-responses are also affected is less known. The aim of this study was to observe photopic OFF-responses of ERG in monkeys with high lOP. Methods： Nine monkeys were involved in the experiment from January 2006 to December 2016. High IOP was induced in the right eye by laser coagulation of the mid-trabecular meshwork in five monkeys. Six years after the laser coagulation, both short- and long-flash of the photopic ERG were recorded. Stimulus light was red flashes superimposed on a blue background. Four normal monkeys were examined under the same ERG protocols as controls. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference of each ERG parameter between the lasered eye and the fellow eye. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） with Tukey adjustment was adopted to calculate the differences among the lasered eye, the fellow eye, and the eyes of normal monkeys. Results： The mean amplitude of a-wave （11.73 ± 2.05） and PhNR （8.67 ± 2.44） in lasered eyes was significantly lower than that of a-wave （21.47 ±3.15） and PhNR （22.05 ± 3.42） in fellow eyes （P = 0.03 and P 0.01, respectively） in response to short flash. The mean amplitude old-wave （ 1.60 ± 0.59） and/-wave （3.13± 0.64） was significantly reduced in the lasered eyes than that of d-wave （4.01 ± 0.56） and/-wave （8.79 ± 1.75） in the fellow eyes （P =0.02 and P = 0.02, respectively） in response to long flash. Conclusions： Reduced OFF-responses are recorded in monkeys with high IOP when dysfunction ofphotoreceptor is involved. The reduced OFF-responses to long-flash stimulus show evidence of anomalous retinal circuitry in glaucomatous retinopathy.

玻璃体视网膜手术术前视功能和影像学检查规范操作专家共识(2024)

本专家共识旨在深入探讨玻璃体视网膜手术前视功能和影像学检查的规范操作流程。玻璃体视网膜手术术前检查能有效帮助医生明确手术适应证、评估患者病情,为设计手术方案和判断预后提供有力支持。为了制定本专家共识,在国家眼部疾病临床医学研究中心孙晓东等权威专家帮助下,中国医药教育协会眼科影像与智能医疗分会、国际智能医学会眼科专委会和国际转化医学会眼科学专委会组织专家组结合近年国际和国内在玻璃体视网膜手术领域的最新研究和发展,对术前影像和视功能的检查方法进行了全面的研究和评估,专家们经过多轮探讨和参考最新的临床资料,形成了这份专家共识,旨在为规范玻璃体视网膜手术术前检查提供支持,以实现提高医疗质量、优化资源利用、提供决策支持和保障患者权益的目标。本专家共识主要介绍玻璃体视网膜手术的术前检查,包括超广角眼底成像术、荧光素血管造影、吲哚菁绿血管造影、眼科B型超声检查、超声生物显微镜、光学相干断层扫描、光学相干断层扫描血管造影、眼眶计算机断层扫描、眼眶核磁共振成像,以及眼科电生理检查如视网膜电图、视觉诱发电位、视野等眼科检查的工作原理、检查方法以及有关注意事项。