光子计数探测器CT脂肪定量准确性和稳定性的体模研究

目的 旨在探讨光子计数探测器(PCD)-CT在不同扫描方案下进行脂肪定量的准确性及辐射剂量水平。方法 构建11个不同脂肪浓度的体模[真实脂肪分数(FF)为0%、2.5%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、40%、50%和100%]。采用3种扫描模式(横断面扫描、常规螺旋扫描和大螺距螺旋扫描)、4种管电压[90、120、140和锡过滤(Sn)100 kV]和3种水平的影像质量(IQ,20、40和80)的参数组合方式完成36种扫描方案的PCD-CT扫描。记录每种扫描方案重建影像的CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)。以120 kV-IQ80的常规螺旋扫描方案作为参考,将所有方案扫描获得的CT值通过线性回归方程转换为FF值。采用组内相关系数(ICC)和Bland-Altman分析进行准确性和一致性评估,使用单向重复测量方差分析对PCD-CT衍生的FF进行比较分析。结果 PCD-CT在所有扫描方案下获得的FF的一致性和准确性结果优异[ICC>0.9(范围:0.929~0.998,P<0.017)]。通过PCD-CT获得的FF与真实FF值之间的均方根误差(RMSE)范围为1.0%~5.0%,其中120 kV-IQ20大螺距扫描的RMSE值最低(1.0%)。120 kV-IQ20和120kV-IQ80常规螺旋扫描偏倚值最低(平均值分别为1.19%和1.23%)。36种扫描方案的辐射剂量范围为0.09~1.45m Gy。结论 PCD-CT在多种扫描方案下进行脂肪定量均具有较高的准确性。此外,PCD-CT具有在超低辐射剂量下进行准确脂肪定量的潜力。

X-ray photon counting detectors for preclinical and clinical applications

Photon counting detectors(PCDs) have attained w ide use in X-ray imaging for various preclinical and clinical applications in the past decade. This paper briefly review s the preclinical and clinical applications of PCDs based X-ray imaging systems.Starting with an introduction of X-ray single photon detection mechanism,the brief review first describes tw o major advantages of utilizing PCDs: photon energy resolving capability and electronic noise elimination. Compared to energy integrating detectors(EIDs),the aforementioned advantages make PCDs more favorable in X-ray imaging with profound benefits such as enhanced tissue contrast,decreased image noise,increased signal to noise ratio,decreased radiation dose to the small animals and patients,and more accurate material decomposition. The utilizations of PCDs in X-ray projection radiography and computed tomography(CT)including micro-CT,dedicated breast CT,K-edge CT,and clinical CT are then review ed for the imaging applications ranging from phantoms to small animals and humans. In addition,optimization methods aiming to improve the imaging performance using PCDs are briefly review ed. PCDs are not flaw less though,and their limitations are also discussed in this review. Nevertheless,PCDs may continuously contribute to the advancement of X-ray imaging techniques in future preclinical and clinical applications.

光子计数探测器CT在骨肌系统疾病中的研究进展

光子计数探测器(PCD)-CT可以直接进行单光子成像,兼有常规CT检查的功能,具有物质分析准确、扫描剂量低、影像质量高的优势,对减少影像金属伪影、骨肌系统疾病分级等具有重要价值。综述PCD-CT的基本原理,及其在骨关节炎分析、骨肿瘤定量诊断、儿童骨肌低剂量扫描、骨骼微结构显示及骨关节假体评估中的应用进展。