Basic philosophy of three essences theory in traditional Mongolian medicine

Traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM)integrates Tibetan and Chinese medicine with indigenous Mongolian practices,focusing on the balance of three core essences:Khii,Shar,and Badgan,derived from the Five Elements-earth,water,fire,wind,and space.These essences regulate both physical and psychological processes,and their imbalance,often caused by diet,behavior,or environment,leads to disease.TMM utilizes holistic diagnostic methods such as pulse diagnosis,visual inspection,and lifestyle evaluation to identify imbalances of three essences.Treatments include herbal remedies,dietary adjustments,behavior modification,and accessory therapies like moxibustion and massage to restore balance.This mini review examines the philosophical underpinnings,diagnostic techniques,and therapeutic strategies to Khii,Shar,and Badgan,highlighting their importance in both traditional and modern integrative healthcare.

Scientific exploration and hypotheses concerning the meridian system in traditional Chinese medicine

The meridian theory is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine,playing a crucial role in disease diagnosis,treatment,and health preservation.Serving as the media for the effects of acupuncture,moxibustion,herbal medicine,and acupressure massage,meridians exert undeniable impact on the human body.However,the essence of meridians remains a topic of debate.Recent research has primarily focused on their anatomical structures,leading to numerous hypotheses.Simultaneously,other researchers have approached this subject from an energetic perspective,discovering information interactions within the meridian system.These findings suggest that meridians possess both physical and information dimensions,indicating that a singular approach to their study is insufficient.To bridge this gap,a shift from purely structural research toward an exploration of the information aspects of meridians is necessary.By integrating this information approach with traditional meridian theory,it may be possible to develop a new,modernized meridian theory that is aligned with contemporary concepts,making it more accessible and applicable in clinical settings.

Six Amino Acids among Natural Moisturizing Factors Responsible for Skin Hydration: Improvement and Anti-Aging of Skin by Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate-PiteraTM Containing Skin Moisturizer

Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between NMF levels and aging, while few studies have investigated this relationship clinically. To fill this research gap, we determined the levels of major NMF components such as free amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and urocanic acids, and individually verified their relationships with skin hydration, barrier function, age, and skin aging. Purpose: The objective of this study was to clinically investigate the relationship between NMF components levels and skin aging in facial skin. The main NMF components were obtained from facial skin and quantified. We then selected NMF components showing strong relationships to skin hydration, and analyzed the relationships of the levels of these selected NMF components with signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). We also examined the efficacy of treatment with a skin care formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, called SK-II FTE hereafter) including Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, PiteraTM) on the selected NMF component levels associated with skin hydration and barrier function, and the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Method: We conducted two clinical trials in this research. In Study 1, we measured 23 NMF components using tape-stripped cornified layer to quantify them via an HPLC method in 196 Asian females aged 20 to 59 (mean S.D., 38.6 9.4). Facial visual aging parameters [texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value)], as well as elasticity (R7), skin hydration, and TEWL, were quantified using facial skin imaging and skin physical property measurement devices. Study 2 was performed to evaluate whether the facial application of SK-II FTE affects the NMF levels and skin aging parameters in 63 Asian female volunteers aged 20 to 55 (38.4 9.03). During the course of Study 2, 0.6 mL of SK-II FTE was applied to the face twice daily in the morning and afternoon. Skin measurements were performed at the start of the day (baseline) and at week 8. Results: In Study 1, we examined the stratum corneum levels of 23 NMF components comparing to the skin hydration status in 196 female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups using the median of each measured NMF component. Skin hydration values were compared between the two groups defined for each NMF component. The results showed that subjects with higher levels of six amino acids, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine, exhibited significantly higher skin hydration than those with lower amino acid levels. No significant differences in skin hydration values were found for the other 17 NMF components. We then analyzed whether the sum of these six amino acid NMF components (called 6-AA-NMFs, hereafter) is affected by aging. The 6-AA-NMF level peaked in the subjects aged 25-29, and then gradually and significantly decreased with age. Interestingly, the 6-AA-NMF level was significantly correlated with the skin hydration value, but not with TEWL. In addition, the 6-AA-NMF level demonstrated significant correlations with the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Then, in Study 2, we examined whether the daily application of SK-II FTE affects the 6-AA-NMF level and visual aging parameters in 63 females. SK-II FTE demonstrated significant increases of the levels of 6-AA-NMFs and each of its components associated with hydration and barrier function, and improvements of skin texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value) during the 8 weeks of treatment of facial skin. Conclusion: These clinical studies with large numbers of subjects across a wide age range revealed that six amino acids as NMF components were highly correlated with facial skin hydration in the stratum corneum. The levels of these six NMF components were also found to decrease at ages after the 30 s and were significantly correlated with major signs of skin aging. Notably, these six NMF components (6-AA-NMFs) were increased by SK-II FTE treatment associated with improvements of skin hydration and signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). These studies were limited by the lack of investigation of why some NMF components were not associated with skin hydration. More clinical trials examining various NMF components and their relationship with aging are anticipated.

Through My Eyes

Send us your photographs and let us know what lies behind them at contacts@chinafrica.cn.Nurturing Life An aerial view of the venue of the 2024 International Horticultural Exhibition in Chengdu,Sichuan Province,on 12 May.Held from 26 April till late October,the expo highlights the captivating cultural essence of Sichuan,the Oriental philosophy of residential space,as well as diverse international gardening aesthetics.

The Essence of Sport and Tourism-Commonplace and Philosophical Interpretation

The paper is aimed at presentation of the two basic ways of human cognition,which have been used for ages to get to the essence of the human phenomenon of sport and tourism.The first of them is connected mainly with the commonplace standpoint on sport,which is considerably more popular and known by modern people than the second-the philosophical one.The latter is usually used as a point of departure for objective,methodical,and purposeful attempts at getting to the very essence of sport through systematic research,various ideological disputes,various publications,etc.Hence the basic aim of the paper is an attempt at answering the question:which of the abovementioned ways-if any-leads to the final explanation of the essence of sport and tourism?It requires however further philosophical research,further comparative studies,detailed systematic analyses,etc.,and the presented paper is only an initial contribution to them.

On the Physical Process and Essence of the Photoelectric Effect

A hundred years ago, Planck and Einstein and others created quantum theories or quantum mechanics while they explained the photoelectric effect. Planck and Einstein empirically obtained a statistical relationship between the energy of light quantum and the frequency of light but have not studied the physical process and essence of the photoelectric effect, so some photoelectric phenomena are difficult to be explained by existing quantum mechanics currently. In this paper, a dynamical process of orthogonal interaction between a photon and an electron to form a new state of matter in photoelectric effect experiments is studied so finding that the Planck constant is a product value of the mass, length, and velocity of a high-energy particle. The dynamics of the orthogonal collision of matter (particles) can not only give the physical process and essence of the photoelectric effect, but also have great significance for the further development of quantum mechanics. It can physically explain phenomena such as wave-particle duality and quantum entanglement in the motion of high-energy particles. Its prospects can be widely used in cosmic physics, macro physics, and micro physics.

Doctor Song Fuyin's Experience in Treating Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Based on Qi,Blood Essence and Spirit Syndrome Differentiation Stage Classification

The paper systematically summarizes the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis which is a typical emotional disease that causes obvious changes in organ morphology and endocrine and body fluid metabolism.It belongs to the category of psychosomatic diseases,and is the embodiment of a series of pathogenesis processes of qi disease,blood disease,essence disease and deformation in TCM theory.The whole course of the disease is dominated by the dialectical relationship of mutual influence,mutual control,mutual root and mutual use among the deity disease,qi disease,blood disease,essence and spiritual disease.Therefore,the treatment emphasizes the dialectical relationship based on qi,blood,essence and spirit.At the beginning,the treatment focuses on regulating qi and clearing heat and eliminating phlegm;at the middle stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing essence and promoting yang and eliminating wind and calming the deity;at the late stage,the treatment focuses on replenishing qi and eliminating phlegm and promoting collages.Flexible use of calming the spirits,regulating qi,dispersing essence,eliminating phlegm,promoting blood and other methods of stage classification treatment,can be targeted,improve the cure rate of the disease.This article aims to clarify the experience of Director Song Fuyin in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis based on syndrome differentiation of qi,blood essence and spirit.

基于脑机接口技术的脑瘫康复训练悬浮系统

意念集中训练是脑瘫护理康复训练的主要项目。本文利用脑机接口和人机交互技术设计了脑瘫护理康复训练悬停控制系统。通过患者脑电信号的采集、处理和计算,转换成PWM脉宽来控制小球悬浮高度值,凭借小球高度来反映患者意念集中情况(专注度数值和冥想度数值)。通过应用测试可知,患者不同的意念集中度能够对应小球的各个悬浮动作,因此,该系统为脑瘫康复训练提供了技术支持和新的意念训练方法。

being、essence和existence——托马斯·阿奎那存在论思想探析

托马斯.阿奎那的形而上学是以是(being)为中心、以本质(essence)和存在(existence)的关系学说为枢纽的存在论。阿奎那认为,形而上学或存在论所探讨的特殊的固有对象即是是(to on,esse,being)自身,或者称之为是之所以为是(esse in quantum esse,being as beinginjeneral)。他在论证是自身时强调实在意义上的是重于逻辑意义的是。是(being)包括本质(essence)与存在(existence);本质(essence)与存在(existence)皆为是者(beings)。而存在(existence)先于本质(essence);存在(existence)是是(being)之最具体的、个别的、实体的、独一无二的完美实现(act)。托马斯.阿奎那的存在论哲学颠覆了传统哲学中存在与本质的位置,它以一种存在主义代替本质主义,从而在形而上学历史上掀起一场革命。

明清小说批评与《小说神髓》的叙事技巧

坪内逍遥的《小说神髓》被称为日本近代文学理论奠基之作,作者旨在引进西方美学和文学理念来改良日本小说,但在叙事技巧上却并未完全排斥日本江户时代的叙事原则,其中一些来自中国明清小说批评。本文尝试分析中国明清小说批评与日本江户时代文学及《小说神髓》的影响与变异关系,通过比较中日文学近代话语转换的轨迹来探究《小说神髓》在叙事技巧上的创新点及其现代性意义。

试论我国失业压力缓解

伴随经济体制、经济增长方式的转变和产业结构的调整，失业问题正成为我国社会经济中一个日益突出的问题。据统计，我国停产半停产企业职工约５００万人，虽未停产半停产但因任务不饱满、管理不善等原因，每周工作时间不到法定工作时间的劳动者约有２０００万人。我国农村...

The Parody of Existentialism in the End of the Road

The End of the Road is John Barth's least discussed novel but it foreshadows his later themes and styles,both great achievements in American literature.By studying the parody of Existentialism embodied in the novel and exploring Sartre's slogan:"existence precedes essence",It is obvious that human being's existence has become a key issue for people to reflect on.

The Comprehensive Human Essence and the New Evolution of Human Beings

Human beings have no absolute,fixed essence. The essence of human beings is the combination of an innate substrate and acquired creation. As the degree of machine intelligence in the development of human society continues to increase,human beings are constantly changing and creating their own essence,and they are also constantly liberated from the bondage of a certain single old essence,creating and enriching the richer and more diverse aspects of its essence. The transformation of labor from its alienation to its return is also a transformation of labor from the centralized form to the non-centralized form of human essence according to Karl Marx. The new fusion of artificial intelligence and bioengineering will lead to a new tracks of evolution that"reshapes and regenerates"life itself. This new evolutionary path will fuse the two-track evolution,biological evolution and cultural evolution,which have been relatively isolated in the traditional sense. If human beings are able to work hard together to design and implement a new social system that adapts to the future intelligent development,then what the comprehensive development of intelligence bring human beings about would be not a disaster,but a bright future.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON OSTEOPOROSIS TREATED WITH TRADITIONAL KIDNEY-TONIFYING MEDICAMENTS

The method of scoring kidney deficiency symptoms and bone density was used to judge therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis of traditional kidney-tonifying drugs. It was proved that the drugs not only improved clinical symptoms but also delayed the developmental pro-cess of this disorder. It also verified the correctness of the traditional theory that the kidney dominates the bone and generates the marrow.

TREATMENT OF ADOLESCENT MYOPIA BY PRESSURE PLASTER OF SEMEN IMPATIENTIS ON OTOACUPOINTS

295 cases (424 eyes) of adolescent myopia were treated by pressure plaster of Semen Impatientis on otoacupoints with a cure rate of 44.3% and a total effective rate of 98.5%. 36 random cases (69 eyes) were compared with the same number of similar control cases. Findings were that the therapeutic effects of the pressure plaster group excelled significantly those of the control group.

Physical Essence of the “Predictability Barrier”

Although the "predictability barrier" is a scientific problem brought forward during the middle 1990’s,it has yet to be clearly understood.In this paper,the authors used model results to study the "predictability barrier" of some atmospheric (climatic) systems,including the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature (SST),East Asia trough (EAT),and South Asia wind field (monsoon).It is shown that the "predictability barrier" appeared not only in predicting the SST in the equatorial Pacific,but also in predicting the atmospheric circulation systems,such as the EAT and the monsoon.The "predictability barrier" for predicting the different climate systems appeared not only in spring,but also in different seasons.It appeared in spring for the equatorial Pacific SST,in summer for the EAT,and in fall and winter for the monsoon.Further analyses showed that the fundamental physical essence of the "predictability barrier" is the seasonal variability characteristics of the atmospheric (climate) system.The "predictability barrier" would occur when the system was at its weakest or worst continuous phase.Furthermore,the models and error patterns also had an important impact on the "predictability barrier";good models and special error patterns can minimize the "predictability barrier".

A Study of the Industrial Circular Economy Using an Essence Analysis Model

The concept of a circular economy can be applied to different business fields.The development of the existing industrial cycles with an overemphasis on economic development and the twisting concept of a circular economy,has limited any substantial contribution of the circular economy to environmental resources.In some cases,resources are even being consumed to create resource recycling.This puts a greater burden on the environment.To gain an understanding of the actual value of a circular economy to the environment and resources,an“Essence Analysis Model”has been used in this study.This combines sustainable development issues in a multi-faceted and multi-leveled analysis of the industrial circular economy model to guide its development more directly towards fundamentals.An analysis of the results of the“Essence Analysis Model”was used to find and change the original strategy,and develop a means of improving the circular economy model.The results of the study make an essential contribution to the sustainable development of environmental resources and the reduction of greenhouse gas emission.

Correct understanding and application of waterflooding characteristic curves

Through reviewing the generation process and essential characteristics of waterflooding curves, the essence and characteristics of Zhang Jinqing waterflooding curve and Yu Qitai waterflooding curve recommended in Chinese Petroleum Industry Standard 'Calculation methods for Recoverable Oil Reserves(SY/T5367—1998)' were discussed, and some technical issues related to the curves were examined in-depth. We found that:(1) All the waterflooding curves are based on empirical formulas derived from oilfield production experience and statistics methods, and can characterize oil displacement features by water quite well.(2) A new waterflooding curve can be derived by combining waterflooding parameters and using different mathematical calculations as long as the parameter combinations and mathematical operation meet a linear relationship, so proposing new waterflooding curves by changing the combination mode has no practical significance anymore.(3) The upwarp of waterflooding curve in the extremely high water cut stage is because the mobility ratio curve has an inflection point with the rapid rise of water cut after reaching a certain value, and the later rapid rise of mobility ratio changes the original two-phase flow dynamics.(4) After entering into water cut stage, all the waterflooding curves with linear relationship can be used to make prediction, even curves with inflection points, as long as they have a straight section above the inflection point.(5) Actual data of waterflooding oilfields has proved that Type A, Zhang Jinqing and Yu Qitai waterflooding curves all can predict accurately oil recoverable reserves in extremely high water cut stage and can be promoted.

The Essence of Non-Traditional Security Issues and Their Solutions

Non-traditional security issues have arisen since the 1960s,especially after the end of the Cold War,and are becoming a major issue in world security and politics.This reflects tremendous changes in the world situation.With diverse causes and plural referent objects,non-traditional security issues cover nearly all the problems in the world today and make development difficult to sustain.This raises the question of whether human society and the earth can survive.Power politics one-sidedly stresses the role of power,endangering the harmonious development of nations and the whole of human society.It is not at all conducive to the solution of non-traditional security issues.The solution of non-traditional security issues demands cooperation from all actors in the international community.Multiple means are needed to solve these issues.Equal dialogue between all the actors,which can easily be attained,will play an effective role,as long as all actors respect each other's differences.