AIM： To detect the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-KB） in rat hepatocyte and to investigate the effects of NF-KB on rat hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis after 70% portal branch Iigation. METH...AIM： To detect the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-KB） in rat hepatocyte and to investigate the effects of NF-KB on rat hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis after 70% portal branch Iigation. METHODS： Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and portal branch ligation group. The animals were killed 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 d after surgery to determine the contents of plasma ALT. Hepatocytes were isolated and nuclear protein was extracted. DNA binding activity of NF-KB was measured by ENSA. Hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis were observed under microscope by TUNEL staining. The ultrastructural changes of liver were observed under electron microscope. RESULTS： Seventy percent portal branch ligation produced atrophy of the ligated lobes and the perfused lobes underwent compensatory regeneration, the total liver weight and plasma ALT levels were maintained at the level of sham-operated animals throughout the experiment. After 2 d of portal branch ligation, DNA binding activity of NF-KB in hepatocyte increased and reached its peak, the number of apoptotic hepatocyte in the ligated lobes and the number of mitotic hepatocyte in the perfused lobes also reached their peak. Typical apoptotic changes and evident fibrotic changes in the ligated lobes were observed under electron microscope. CONCLUSION： After 70% portal branch ligation, DNA binding activity of NF-KB in hepatocyte is significantly increased and NF-KB plays an important role in hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that edaravone has a a neuroprotective role, inhibits free radical increase, and reduces celt apoptosis. The Notch pathway is a key factor in neurogenesis and cellular apoptosis T...BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that edaravone has a a neuroprotective role, inhibits free radical increase, and reduces celt apoptosis. The Notch pathway is a key factor in neurogenesis and cellular apoptosis The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） plays an important role in inflammation and oxidation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of edaravone on Notchl and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized controlled neural and molecular biology experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology between July 2007 and May 2008. MATERIALS： Thirty female Wistar rats were used. Edaravone was purchased from Jiangsu Xiansheng Pharmaceutical Limited Company, China. METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 6）. Thread was inserted into the internal carotid artery of the sham operation group but the middle cerebral artery was not ligated. A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by inserting thread into the right middle cerebral artery. The model rats in the edaravone groups were given tail vein injections of edaravone at 3 mg/kg body weight after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. Ischemia/reperfusion groups （model group） received intravenous infusion of normal saline at the same volume as the edaravone groups after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The volume of the ischemic region was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Protein expression was represented by the absorbance value. RESULTS： Edaravone greatly reduced the focal infarct volume. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were rapidly upregulated following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in model and edaravone groups compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In addition, edaravone treatment significantly upregulated Notchl expression but down-regulated NF-κB expression compared with model groups （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Edaravone possibly protects brain tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating Notchl expression and regulating NF-κB expression.展开更多
Objective： To explore the combination effects of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） with interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） on human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and the mechanism of action. Methods： SMMC-7721 cells w...Objective： To explore the combination effects of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） with interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） on human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and the mechanism of action. Methods： SMMC-7721 cells were divided into treated group and control group. The cells were treated with ATRA or ATRA＋ IFN-γ in the former and added with PBS in the latter. The inhibition rate of SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was detected by MTT, the cell change in morphology was observed by electron microscope. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression changes of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） was analyzed by Western blotting when the SMMC-7721 cells were treated with ATRA and IFN-γ. Results： The SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis was induced after the cells were treated with ATRA treatment, and these effects were enhanced when ATRA was combined with IFN-γ. The expression of NF-κB was reduced after SMMC-7721 cell was treated with ATRA, and reduced significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of ATRA and IFN-γ. Conclusion： IFN-γ can enhance the inhibiting effects of ATRA on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis on SMMC-7721 cell and these effects might be mediated by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.展开更多
Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain protein 2(Eftud2)is a spliceosomal GTPase that serves as an innate immune modulator restricting virus infection.Microglia are the resident innate immune cells and the key player...Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain protein 2(Eftud2)is a spliceosomal GTPase that serves as an innate immune modulator restricting virus infection.Microglia are the resident innate immune cells and the key players of immune response in the central nervous system.However,the role of Eftud2 in microglia has not been reported.In this study,we performed immunofluorescent staining and western blot assay and found that Eftud2 was upregulated in microglia of a 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Next,we generated an inducible microglia-specific Eftud2 conditional knockout mouse line(CX3CR1-CreER;Eftud2^(f/f) cKO)via Cre/loxP recombination and found that Eftud2 deficiency resulted in abnormal proliferation and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype activation of microglia.Furthermore,we knocked down Eftud2 in BV2 microglia with siRNA specifically targeting Eftud2 and found that Eftud2-mediated regulation of microglial proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory phenotype activation in response to inflammation might be dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway.Our findings suggest that Eftud2 plays a key role in regulating microglial polarization and homeostasis possibly through the NF-κB signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-αfactor(LITAF)protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein.This study aims to study the role of LITAF in the formation of atherosclerosis.Methods A tot...Objective Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-αfactor(LITAF)protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein.This study aims to study the role of LITAF in the formation of atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 10 C57BL/6J mice and 10 C57BL/6J mice with knockout of LITAF gene(C57BL/6J–LITAF–)were divided into two groups:the control group and the LITAF^(−/−)group.The animals were accommodated for 16 weeks and then euthanized with their hearts and aortas isolated thereafter.Next,the roots of the mouse aorta were cryosectioned and stained with Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemical staining(CD68,α-SMA,and Masson),respectively.The area of Oil Red O staining and the proportion of positive expression after immunohistochemical staining were then compared between the control and LITAF^(−/−)groups.At the same time,the blood of mice was collected for the extraction of proteins and RNA.The proteins and RNA were used to detect the expression of major molecules of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway in mice in the control group and the LITAF^(−/−)group by Western blotting and RT-PCR.Results Oil Red O staining of the aortic root sections of the mice in each group revealed that the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the LITAF^(−/−)group was substantially lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,immunohistochemical staining determined that the expression level ofα-SMA and CD68 in the LITAF^(−/−)group was significantly lower than that in the control group,whereas the results were reversed following Masson staining(P<0.05).The expression levels of P65 and caspase 3 were significantly lower in the LITAF^(−/−)group than in the control group(P<0.05),whereas the expression level of IκB was higher in the LITAF^(−/−)group.Conclusion LITAF might participate in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque through the NF-κB pathway and play a promoting role in the formation of atherosclerosis.展开更多
目的探讨和厚朴酚(HNK)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为5组,每组8只,即正常组,模型组,HNK高、低剂量组,地塞米松(DEX)组,利用LPS诱导小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,和厚朴酚腹腔注射后...目的探讨和厚朴酚(HNK)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为5组,每组8只,即正常组,模型组,HNK高、低剂量组,地塞米松(DEX)组,利用LPS诱导小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,和厚朴酚腹腔注射后检测肺干湿比值(W/D)、进行支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中性粒细胞计数、检测血气分析、计算肺泡液体清除率(AFC)等。ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α和细胞因子IL-1β表达的变化,Western blot法和Real time PCR检测各组小鼠肺组织MMP-9和NF-κB表达。结果模型组中,小鼠BALF中中性粒细胞计数、肺W/D比值、TNF-α、IL-1β、MMP-9以及NF-κB水平明显增高,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小鼠PaO_2、酸碱度(pH)、AFC显著降低,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,HNK高、低剂量组,小鼠BALF中中性粒细胞计数、肺W/D比值、TNF-α、IL-1β、MMP-9以及NF-κB表达水平明显下降,PaO_2、p H、AFC显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论和厚朴酚通过抑制NF-κB、MMP-9对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤发挥重要的保护作用。展开更多
文摘AIM： To detect the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-KB） in rat hepatocyte and to investigate the effects of NF-KB on rat hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis after 70% portal branch Iigation. METHODS： Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and portal branch ligation group. The animals were killed 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 d after surgery to determine the contents of plasma ALT. Hepatocytes were isolated and nuclear protein was extracted. DNA binding activity of NF-KB was measured by ENSA. Hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis were observed under microscope by TUNEL staining. The ultrastructural changes of liver were observed under electron microscope. RESULTS： Seventy percent portal branch ligation produced atrophy of the ligated lobes and the perfused lobes underwent compensatory regeneration, the total liver weight and plasma ALT levels were maintained at the level of sham-operated animals throughout the experiment. After 2 d of portal branch ligation, DNA binding activity of NF-KB in hepatocyte increased and reached its peak, the number of apoptotic hepatocyte in the ligated lobes and the number of mitotic hepatocyte in the perfused lobes also reached their peak. Typical apoptotic changes and evident fibrotic changes in the ligated lobes were observed under electron microscope. CONCLUSION： After 70% portal branch ligation, DNA binding activity of NF-KB in hepatocyte is significantly increased and NF-KB plays an important role in hepatocyte regeneration and apoptosis.
文摘BACKGROUND： It has been demonstrated that edaravone has a a neuroprotective role, inhibits free radical increase, and reduces celt apoptosis. The Notch pathway is a key factor in neurogenesis and cellular apoptosis The proinflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） plays an important role in inflammation and oxidation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of edaravone on Notchl and NF-κB mRNA and protein expression in rats with focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This randomized controlled neural and molecular biology experiment was performed at the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology between July 2007 and May 2008. MATERIALS： Thirty female Wistar rats were used. Edaravone was purchased from Jiangsu Xiansheng Pharmaceutical Limited Company, China. METHODS： Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups （n = 6）. Thread was inserted into the internal carotid artery of the sham operation group but the middle cerebral artery was not ligated. A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by inserting thread into the right middle cerebral artery. The model rats in the edaravone groups were given tail vein injections of edaravone at 3 mg/kg body weight after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. Ischemia/reperfusion groups （model group） received intravenous infusion of normal saline at the same volume as the edaravone groups after ischemia for 2 hours and reperfusion for 12 or 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The volume of the ischemic region was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Protein expression was represented by the absorbance value. RESULTS： Edaravone greatly reduced the focal infarct volume. Notchl and NF-κB protein and mRNA expression were rapidly upregulated following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in model and edaravone groups compared with the sham operation group （P 〈 0.01 ）. In addition, edaravone treatment significantly upregulated Notchl expression but down-regulated NF-κB expression compared with model groups （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Edaravone possibly protects brain tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating Notchl expression and regulating NF-κB expression.
文摘Objective： To explore the combination effects of all-trans retinoic acid （ATRA） with interferon-gamma （IFN-γ） on human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 and the mechanism of action. Methods： SMMC-7721 cells were divided into treated group and control group. The cells were treated with ATRA or ATRA＋ IFN-γ in the former and added with PBS in the latter. The inhibition rate of SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was detected by MTT, the cell change in morphology was observed by electron microscope. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the expression changes of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB） was analyzed by Western blotting when the SMMC-7721 cells were treated with ATRA and IFN-γ. Results： The SMMC-7721 cell proliferation was suppressed and apoptosis was induced after the cells were treated with ATRA treatment, and these effects were enhanced when ATRA was combined with IFN-γ. The expression of NF-κB was reduced after SMMC-7721 cell was treated with ATRA, and reduced significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of ATRA and IFN-γ. Conclusion： IFN-γ can enhance the inhibiting effects of ATRA on cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis on SMMC-7721 cell and these effects might be mediated by inhibiting the expression of NF-κB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32171148,31770929,31522029(all to HTW)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Nos.2021ZD0202500,2021YFA1101801(both to HTW)a grant from Beijing Commission of Science and Technology of China,Nos.Z181100001518001,Z161100000216154(both to HTW)。
文摘Elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain protein 2(Eftud2)is a spliceosomal GTPase that serves as an innate immune modulator restricting virus infection.Microglia are the resident innate immune cells and the key players of immune response in the central nervous system.However,the role of Eftud2 in microglia has not been reported.In this study,we performed immunofluorescent staining and western blot assay and found that Eftud2 was upregulated in microglia of a 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.Next,we generated an inducible microglia-specific Eftud2 conditional knockout mouse line(CX3CR1-CreER;Eftud2^(f/f) cKO)via Cre/loxP recombination and found that Eftud2 deficiency resulted in abnormal proliferation and promoted anti-inflammatory phenotype activation of microglia.Furthermore,we knocked down Eftud2 in BV2 microglia with siRNA specifically targeting Eftud2 and found that Eftud2-mediated regulation of microglial proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory phenotype activation in response to inflammation might be dependent on the NF-κB signaling pathway.Our findings suggest that Eftud2 plays a key role in regulating microglial polarization and homeostasis possibly through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.8207022248).
文摘Objective Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-αfactor(LITAF)protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein.This study aims to study the role of LITAF in the formation of atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 10 C57BL/6J mice and 10 C57BL/6J mice with knockout of LITAF gene(C57BL/6J–LITAF–)were divided into two groups:the control group and the LITAF^(−/−)group.The animals were accommodated for 16 weeks and then euthanized with their hearts and aortas isolated thereafter.Next,the roots of the mouse aorta were cryosectioned and stained with Oil Red O staining and immunohistochemical staining(CD68,α-SMA,and Masson),respectively.The area of Oil Red O staining and the proportion of positive expression after immunohistochemical staining were then compared between the control and LITAF^(−/−)groups.At the same time,the blood of mice was collected for the extraction of proteins and RNA.The proteins and RNA were used to detect the expression of major molecules of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway in mice in the control group and the LITAF^(−/−)group by Western blotting and RT-PCR.Results Oil Red O staining of the aortic root sections of the mice in each group revealed that the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the LITAF^(−/−)group was substantially lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,immunohistochemical staining determined that the expression level ofα-SMA and CD68 in the LITAF^(−/−)group was significantly lower than that in the control group,whereas the results were reversed following Masson staining(P<0.05).The expression levels of P65 and caspase 3 were significantly lower in the LITAF^(−/−)group than in the control group(P<0.05),whereas the expression level of IκB was higher in the LITAF^(−/−)group.Conclusion LITAF might participate in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque through the NF-κB pathway and play a promoting role in the formation of atherosclerosis.
文摘目的探讨和厚朴酚(HNK)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法选取SPF级BALB/c小鼠40只,随机分为5组,每组8只,即正常组,模型组,HNK高、低剂量组,地塞米松(DEX)组,利用LPS诱导小鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)模型,和厚朴酚腹腔注射后检测肺干湿比值(W/D)、进行支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中性粒细胞计数、检测血气分析、计算肺泡液体清除率(AFC)等。ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中TNF-α和细胞因子IL-1β表达的变化,Western blot法和Real time PCR检测各组小鼠肺组织MMP-9和NF-κB表达。结果模型组中,小鼠BALF中中性粒细胞计数、肺W/D比值、TNF-α、IL-1β、MMP-9以及NF-κB水平明显增高,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);小鼠PaO_2、酸碱度(pH)、AFC显著降低,与正常组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,HNK高、低剂量组,小鼠BALF中中性粒细胞计数、肺W/D比值、TNF-α、IL-1β、MMP-9以及NF-κB表达水平明显下降,PaO_2、p H、AFC显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论和厚朴酚通过抑制NF-κB、MMP-9对LPS诱导的急性肺损伤发挥重要的保护作用。
