Values of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer and 10-2 visual field measurements in detecting and evaluating glaucoma

AIM:To assess the performance of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness(mGCIPLT)and 10-2 visual field(VF)parameters in detecting early glaucoma and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma.METHODS:Totally 127 eyes from 89 participants(36 eyes of 19 healthy participants,45 eyes of 31 early glaucoma patients and 46 eyes of 39 advanced glaucoma patients)were included.The relationships between the optical coherence tomography(OCT)-derived parameters and VF sensitivity were determined.Patients with early glaucoma were divided into eyes with or without central 10°of the VF damages(CVFDs),and the diagnostic performances of OCT-derived parameters were assessed.RESULTS:In early glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was significantly correlated with 10-2 VF pattern standard deviation(PSD;with average mGCIPLT:β=-0.046,95%CI,-0.067 to-0.024,P<0.001).In advanced glaucoma,the mGCIPLT was related to the 24-2 VF mean deviation(MD;with average mGCIPLT:β=0.397,95%CI,0.199 to 0.595,P<0.001),10-2 VF MD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.762,95%CI,0.485 to 1.038,P<0.001)and 24-2 VF PSD(with average mGCIPLT:β=0.244,95%CI,0.124 to 0.364,P<0.001).Except for the minimum and superotemporal mGCIPLT,the decrease of mGCIPLT in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs was more severe than that of early glaucomatous eyes without CVFDs.The area under the curve(AUC)of the average mGCIPLT(AUC=0.949,95%CI,0.868 to 0.982)was greater than that of the average circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(cpRNFLT;AUC=0.827,95%CI,0.674 to 0.918)and rim area(AUC=0.799,95%CI,0.610 to 0.907)in early glaucomatous eyes with CVFDs versus normal eyes.CONCLUSION:The 10-2 VF and mGCIPLT parameters are complementary to 24-2 VF,cpRNFLT and ONH parameters,especially in detecting early glaucoma with CVFDs and evaluating the severity of advanced glaucoma in group level.

Research on Integration of Coal Mine Moni-toring and Control System with Field Bus Control System

According to the construction of current coal mine monitoring and control systems in China, the paper proposes three kinds of applicable schemes of integrating PLC and DCS systems with field bus technology to digitize the system and to improve the flexibility and extent of the system. Essentially, the paper introduces the integration of FCS on I/O layers. Based on a real coal mine safety-monitoring and control system applied with a CAN field bus, the major technology of system relays and extensions is discussed. We believe that one of the most applicable methods is currently replacing the connection between function-stations and field-sensors with a CAN bus on I/0 layers for system integration.

Temperature and stress fields in electron beam welded Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel joint with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.

Numerical study on three-dimensional flow field of continuously rotating detonation in a toroidal chamber

Gaseous detonation propagating in a toroidal chamber was numerically studied for hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. The numerical method used is based on the three-dimensional Euler equations with detailed finiterate chemistry. The results show that the calculated streak picture is in qualitative agreement with the picture recorded by a high speed streak camera from published literature. The three-dimensional flow field induced by a continuously rotating detonation was visualized and distinctive features of the rotating detonations were clearly depicted. Owing to the unconfined character of detonation wavelet, a deficit of detonation parameters was observed. Due to the effects of wall geometries, the strength of the outside detonation front is stronger than that of the inside portion. The detonation thus propagates with a constant circular velocity. Numerical simulation also shows three-dimensional rotating detonation structures, which display specific feature of the detonation- shock combined wave. Discrete burning gas pockets are formed due to instability of the discontinuity. It is believed that the present study could give an insight into the interest- ing properties of the continuously rotating detonation, and is thus beneficial to the design of continuous detonation propulsion systems.

An analytical solution for the elastic fields near spheroidal nano-inclusions

When the size of an inclusion shrinks to nanometers, interface energy plays an important role in the deformation around it. In the present paper, we consider the effect of interface energy on the elastic fields near a spheroidal nanoinclusion embedded in an elastic medium on the basis of surface elasticity theory. Using Boussinesq-Sadowsky potential function method, we obtain the deformation field near the inclusion subjected to a uniformly uniaxial loading at infinity. The results show that the elastic fields near the nano-inclusion depend strongly on the interface properties, the size and shape of inclusion. These new characteristics may be helpful to understand various relevant mechanical performances of nanosized inhomogeneities.

Coupled extension and thickness-twist vibrations of lateral field excited AT-cut quartz plates

In this paper, the coupled extension and thickness- twist vibrations are studied for AT-cut quartz plates under Lateral Field Excitation （LFE） with variations along the x1- direction. Mindlin＇s two-dimensional equations are used for anisotropic crystal plates. Both free and electrically forced vibrations are considered. Important vibration characteristics are obtained, including dispersion relations, frequency spectra, and motional capacitances. It is shown that, to avoid the effects of the couplings between extension and thickness-twist vibrations, a series of discrete values of the length/thickness ratio of the crystal plate need to be excluded. The results are of fundamental significance for the design of LFE resonators and sensors.

Preprocessing photospheric vector magnetograms for nonlinear force-free field extrapolation of the global corona

Nonlinear force-free magnetic field （NLFFF） extrapolation based on the observed photo- spheric magnetic field is the most important method to obtain the coronal magnetic field nowadays. However, raw photospheric magnetograms contain magnetic forces and small-scale noises, and fail to be consistent with the force-free assumption of NLFFF models. The procedure for removing the forces and noises in observed data is called preprocessing. In this paper, we extend the preprocessing code of Jiang ＆ Feng to spherical coordinates for a full sphere. We first smooth the observed data with Gaussian smoothing, and then split the smoothed magnetic field into a potential field and a non-potential field. The potential part is computed by a numerical potential field model, and the non-potential part is prepro- cessed using an optimization method to minimize the magnetic forces and magnetic torques. Applying the code to synoptic charts of the vector magnetic field from SDO/HMI, we find it can effectively reduce the noises and forces, and improve the quality of data for a better input which will be used for NLFFF extrapolations applied to the global corona.

Formation conditions and accumulation characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas field in offshore Bohai Bay Basin

Based on the study of natural gas resource, low buried hill trap formation mechanism, high quality reservoir control factors and natural gas preservation conditions, the formation conditions and reservoir accumulation characteristics of Bozhong 19-6 large condensate gas field were summarized. Large gas generation potential of multiple sets of thick humic-sapropelic source rocks in high maturity stage in Bozhong depression was the basis of large gas field formation. The multi-stage tectonic evolution since Indosinian period formed large-scale buried hill traps. The Tanlu fault activity formed multi-type reservoirs, and buried hill metamorphic rock of Archean and sand-conglomerate of Kongdian Formation were high-quality reservoirs. Thick overpressure lacustrine mudstone and weak neotectonic movement provided good preservation conditions. Bozhong 19-6 gas reservoir was a condensate gas reservoir with very high condensate oil content, and the gas origin was humic-sapropelic and kerogen-cracking gas, and the gas field had large gas thickness, high gas column characteristics and the accumulation process was first oil and then gas. The buried hill reservoir was a massive reservoir and the Kongdian reservoir was a stratified reservoir. The gas field had multi-channel hydrocarbon intense charge from overpressure source rocks, atmospheric-weak overpressure reservoir favorable for accumulation, thick overpressure mudstone caprock favorable for preservation, and natural gas ultra-late rapid accumulation model.

Spatial-temporal variation of the land surface temperature field and present-day tectonic activity

This study attempts to acquire information on tectonic activity in western China from land surface temperature （LST） field data. On the basis of the established relationship between heat and strain, we analyzed the LSTdistribution in western China using the satellite data product MODIS/Terra. Our results show that： 1. There are departures from annual changes of LSTin some areas, and that these changes are associated with the activity of some active tectonic zones. 2. When annual-change background values caused by climate factors are removed, the long-period component （LSTLow） of temperature residual （AT） of the LSTis able to serve as an indicator for tectonic activity. We have found that a major earthquake can produce different effects on the/ST fields of surrounding areas. These effects are characterized by both rises and drops in temperature. For example, there was a noteworthy temperature decline associated with the Sumatran M9 earthquake of 2004 in the Bayan Har-Songpan block of central Tibetan Plateau. 3. On the other hand, the LST field of a single area may respond differently to major shocks occurring in different areas in the regions surrounding China. For instance, the Kun- lun M 8.1 event made the LSTon the Longmen Mountains fault zone increase, whereas the Zaisan Lake M 7.9 quake of 2003, and the Sumatran M 9 event of 2004, caused decreases in the same area＇s LST. 4. The variations of land surface temperature （LST） over time are different in different tectonic areas. These phenomena may provide clues for the study of tectonic deformation processes. On the basis of these phenomena, we use a combi- nation of temperature data obtained at varied depths, regional seismicity and strain results obtained with GPS measurements, to test the information related to tectonic activity derived from variations of the LST field, and discuss its implications to the creation of models of regional tectonic deformation.

Analysis Method of Transient Temperature Field for Fuel Tank ofHigh-Altitude Large UAV

Based on the analysis of factors affecting transient temperature field of aircraft fuel tank and coupled heat transfer mechanism, a mathematical model of transient coupled heat transfer, including the dynamic- change of fuel quality, the internal heat transfer, the external aerodynamic convection and the radiation heat transfer, is established. Taking the aerodynamic convection and radiation heat transfer outside the tank as the third kinds of thermal boundary conditions for the thermal analysis of the fuel tank, calculation of internal and external coupling heat of fuel tank is decoupled. Ther^nal network method combined with hierarchical dynamic- grid is used to deal with the fuel consumption, and carry on the heat transfer analysis of the fuel tank. The numerical method for the transient temperature field of aircraft fuel tank is established. Through the simulation calculation, the transient temperature distribution of the fuel tank under different flight conditions is obtained, and the influence of the fuel mass and the external thermal environment on the temperature field is analyzed.

Magnetic Energy of Force-Free Fields with Detached Field Lines

Using an axisymmetrical ideal MHD model in spherical coordinates, we present a numerical study of magnetic configurations characterized by a levitating flux rope embedded in a bipolar background field whose normal field at the solar surface is the same or very close to that of a central dipole. The characteristic plasma β (the ratio between gas pressure and magnetic pressure) is taken to be so small (β = 10-4) that the magnetic field is close to being force-free. The system as a whole is then let evolve quasi-statically with a slow increase of either the annular magnetic flux or the axial magnetic flux of the rope, and the total magnetic energy of the system grows accordingly. It is found that there exists an energy threshold: the flux rope sticks to the solar surface in equilibrium if the magnetic energy of the system is below the threshold, whereas it loses equilibrium if the threshold is exceeded. The energy threshold is found to be larger than that of the corresponding fully-open magnetic field by a factor of nearly 1.08 irrespective as to whether the background field is completely closed or partly open, or whether the magnetic energy is enhanced by an increase of annular or axial flux of the rope. This gives an example showing that a force-free magnetic field may have an energy larger than the corresponding open field energy if part of the field lines is allowed to be detached from the solar surface. The implication of such a conclusion in coronal mass ejections is briefly discussed and some comments are made on the maximum energy of force-free magnetic fields.

Effect of aging in an electric field on microstructures and properties of 1420 Al-Li alloy

After solution treatment, the 1420 Al-Li alloy samples were aged at different temperatures in an electric field with different intensity. The measurements made showed that the electric field increased the strength of the 1420 Al-Li alloy, and best properties were obtained when they were aged at 120 ℃ with E=4 kV/cm for 12 hrs. The electric field promoted the nucleation of δ′ phase, increased the quantity of the δ′ phase, and made the size of the δ′ phase particles smaller. The electric field restrained the formation and growth of PFZ, and increased the intensity of the electric field while the width of the PFZ was decreased.

Determination of the magnetic fields of Magellanic X-ray pulsars

The 80 high-mass X-ray binary （HMXB） pulsars that are known to reside in the Magellanic Clouds （MCs） have been observed by the XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray telescopes on a regular basis for 15 years, and the XMM-Newton and Chandra archives contain nearly complete information about the duty cycles of the sources with spin periods Ps 〈 100 s. We have reprocessed the archival data from both observatories and we combined the output products with all the published observations of 31 MC pulsars with Ps 〈 100 s in an attempt to investigate the faintest X-ray emission states of these objects that occur when accretion to the polar caps proceeds at the smallest possible rates. These states determine the so-called propeller lines of the accreting pulsars and yield information about the magnitudes of their surface magnetic fields. We have found that the faintest states of the pulsars segregate into five discrete groups which obey to a high degree of accuracy the theoretical relation between spin period and X-ray luminosity. So the entire population of these pulsars can be described by just five propeller lines and the five corresponding magnetic moments （0.29, 0.53, 1.2, 2.9 and 7.3, in units of 1030 G cma）.

Research of CAN Bus in the Coal Mine Field Data Transmission based on Reliability

Under the current situation, China＇ s rapid economic development, various new science, emerge in an endless stream of new technology, under the environment of coal mine industry, seize the opportunity, by virtue of its original advantages, coupled with technology introduction and innovation consciousness of the play, ushered in a new period of development, into the modern coal mining era. CAN bus technology is a new technology which has the typical data transmission in coal mining, the introduction of a certain degree of CAN bus technology, not only improve the efficiency of data transmission, at the same time, in terms of reliability and greatly enhance. In this paper, to a certain extent on the introduction of the CAN bus technology, and on this basis, based on the CAN bus in the coal mine field data transmission reliability research and analysis

The Tate Kernel of the Number Field Q (-3)

A complete characterization of Tate kernel of the number field Q (-3) is given.Our method can also be used in other fields.

Foundation Field bus总线技术应用

本文着重介绍了Foundation Field bus总线技术的基础和发展,介绍了FF总线技术的核心技术和结构发展历程,并对FF总线技术的优缺点做了分析和比较,同时探讨了FF总线技术的实际意义和对其应用做了展望。

Differential interformational velocity analysis as an effective direct hydrocarbon indicator under velocity reversal conditions,an example from the anomalously high temperature and over-pressured DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea

In the DF1-1 Gas Field in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea, the velocity-depth plot and velocity spectra show significant variations from a linear trend, exhibiting a distinct reversal phenomenon. Velocity parameters derived from velocity spectral analysis of the seismic data and sonic logs indicate that the interval velocity reverses below 2,100 m (2.2 s two-way time (TWT)) in the DF1-1 Gas Field. Some direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) models developed for the shallow strata cannot be simply applied to the moderately to deeply buried strata for direct exploration target recognition because the velocity reversal has caused the middle-deep gas reservoirs to exhibit a moderate or weak seismic amplitude. The hydrocarbon indicator method of “Differential Interformational Velocity Analysis (DIVA)” with the aid of other hydrocarbon indicating techniques was employed to effectively identify DHIs in the middle-deep strata under velocity inversion. The result has shown that the DIVA technique can be effectively used as a DHI in both the shallow and the middle-deep strata in the study area with the shallow strata characterized by Type I DIVA anomaly and the middle-deep strata characterized by the Type II DIVA anomaly.

The Multi-Wavelength Quasar Survey III. Quasars in Field 836

This is the third paper in a series connected with our Multiwavelength Quasar Survey. The survey is aimed to provide a quasar sample more complete than any previous survey by using a combined selection technique to reduce selection effects. We present the observational results for the X-ray candidates in field f836. We found 15 X-ray AGNs in this field of which eight are new discoveries. The X-ray data and optical spectra of these AGNs are given. We give the X-ray candidate selection criteria, which proved to be highly efficient in isolating X-ray AGNs.

A Fluid Dynamics Approach for the Computation of Nonlinear Force-Free Magnetic Field

Inspired by the analogy between the magnetic field and velocity field of incompressible fluid flow, we propose a fluid dynamics approach for computing nonlinear force-free magnetic fields. This method has the advantage that the divergence-free condition is automatically satisfied, which is a sticky issue for many other algorithms, and we can take advantage of modern high resolution algorithms to process the force-free magnetic field. Several tests have been made based on the well-known analytic solution proposed by Low & Lou. The numerical results are in satisfactory agreement with the analytic ones. It is suggested that the newly proposed method is promising in extrapolating the active region or the whole sun magnetic fields in the solar atmosphere based on the observed vector magnetic field on the photosphere.

Off-Shore Sea Surface Electric Field Investigations around the Indian Sub-Continent during 9-20 May 1983

Sea surface electric field observations off the coast from Goa (15°25'N, 73°47'E) to Madras (13°04'N, 80°15'E) around Sri Lanka, in a distance range 25-135 km from coast, during 9-20 May 1983 were taken. In this paper we have examined the diurnal variation of electric field in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal regions covered during the cruise of the research ship ORV Gaveshani. An aspect of electric field dependence on coastal distance and Aitken Nuclei concentration has also been studied. An attempt to examine the latitude dependence of field was also made. Results obtained in the above studies are presented and compared with those obtained elsewhere.