A New CMOS Image Sensor with a High Fill Factor and the Dynamic Digital Double Sampling Technique

A single CMOS image sensor based on a 0.35μm process along with its design and implementation is introduced. The architecture of an active pixel sensor is used in the chip. The fill factor of a pixel cell can reach 43%,higher than the traditional factor of 30%. Moreover, compared with the conventional method whose fixed pattern noise （FPN） is around 0.5%, a dynamic digital double sampling technique is developed, which possesses simpler circuit architecture and a better FPN suppression outcome. The CMOS image sensor chip is implemented in the 0.35μm mixed signal process of a Chartered by MPW. The experimental results show that the chip operates welt,with an FPN of about 0.17%.

Diflurobenzothiadiazole core-based noncovalently fused small molecule acceptor exhibiting over 12% efficiency and high fill factor

The versatility and flexibility of organic photoelectric materials endow organic photovoltaic cells fine function modulation and huge commercial potential. In this work, a new noncovalent fused-ring small molecule acceptor(SMA) BID-4 F has been synthesized for high-efficient organic solar cells(OSCs). BID-4 F consists of a diflurobenzothiadiazole(DFBT) core, ladder-like indacenodithiophene(IDT) spacers, and dicyanoindanone electron-withdrawing end groups, which are supposed to be conformationally interlocked by noncovalent interactions, leading to good molecular planarity. In addition, compact solid state stacking was revealed by UV–vis–NIR absorption spectrum. The optimized PM6:BID-4 F based device delivers an eminent power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 12.30% with a high open-circuit voltage(Voc) of 0.92 V and a high fill factor(FF) of 74.3%. Most importantly, the PCE and FF are among one of the highest values reported for the OSCs based on the unfused-ring SMAs. Overall, our work demonstrates that the unfused ring central framework with high molecular planarity through noncovalent interactions provides a good strategy to construct highly efficient SMAs.

Engineering of dendritic dopant-free hole transport molecules:enabling ultrahigh fill factor in perovskite solar cells with optimized dendron construction

Developing dopant-free hole-transporting materials(HTMs)for high-performance perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)has been a very active research topic in recent years since HTMs play a critical role in optimizing interfacial charge carrier kinetics and in turn determining device performance.Here,a novel dendritic engineering strategy is first utilized to design HTMs with a D-A type molecular framework,and diphenylamine and/or carbazole is selected as the building block for constructing dendrons.All HTMs show good thermal stability and excellent film morphology,and the key optoelectronic properties could be fine-tuned by varying the dendron structure.Among them,MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI exhibit an improved interfacial contact with the perovskite active layer,and non-radiative recombination loss and charge transport loss can be effectively suppressed.Consequently,high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of 20.8%and 21.35%are achieved for MPA-Cz-BTI and MCz-Cz-BTI based devices,respectively,accompanied by excellent long-term storage stability.More encouragingly,ultrahigh fill factors of 85.2%and 83.5%are recorded for both devices,which are among the highest values reported to date.This work demonstrates the great potential of dendritic materials as a new type of dopant-free HTMs for high-performance PVSCs with excellent FF.

Improving poor fill factors for solar cells via light-induced plating

Silicon solar cells are prepared following the conventional fabrication processes, except for the metal- lization firing process. The cells are divided into two groups with higher and lower fill factors, respectively. After light-induced plating （LIP）, the fill factors of the solar cells in both groups with different initial values reach the same level. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） images are taken under the bulk silver electrodes, which prove that the improvement for cells with a poor factor after LIP should benefit from sufficient exploitation of the high density silver crystals formed during the firing process. Moreover, the application of LIP to cells with poor electrode contact performance, such as nanowire cells and radial junction solar cells, is proposed.

Disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation at Landau level filling factor one

The nuclear spin relaxation rate （l/T1） is measured for GaAs two-dimensional （2D） electron systems in the quantum Hall regime with an all-electrical technique for agitating and probing the nuclear spins. A ＂tilted plateau＂ feature is observed near the Landau level filling factor v = 1 in 1/T1 versus v. Both the width and magnitude of the plateau increase with decreasing electron density. At low temperatures, lIT1 exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence within the tilted plateau regime. The extracted energy gaps are up to two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding charge transport gaps. These results point to a nontrivial mechanism for the disorder-enhanced nuclear spin relaxation, in which microscopic inhomogeneities play a key role for the low energy spin excitations related to skyrmions.

Research on Water-Filling Patterns and Countermeasures──A case study of Xiaotun Coal Mine

There are many water-filling factors in Xiaotun Coal Mine, such as effective precipitation, goaf water, mining-induced fissure zone, surface water system, aquifers and tectonics. For different mining levels, the relative importance of these factors is different, and the water-filling condition is changed accordingly. So it is urgent to make it clear for mining. To ensure the safety of mining, we build a system of preventing mine water-filling using detailed AHP (analytical hierarchy process) calculation. This system is based on the analysis of mine water-filling factors in order to define the relative importance of the factors. Decision-makers use it as a strong scientific basis for Xiaotun Coal Mine.The method offered in this paper has been proved to be very applicable.

Bearing capacity of composite columns reinforced by concrete filled steel tube

In this study, nine simplified short composite columns consisting of core CFST (concrete filled steel tube) of different diameters and outer reinforced concrete were constructed to study their compressive performance under axial or eccentric compression. The failure mode is characterized by the crush of the outer concrete. The bearing capacity increases at first and then decreases with further increase of the position coefficient. It can be concluded that position coefficient is an important structural parameter that has considerable influences on the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns. The outer concrete, steel tubes and longitudinal reinforcement are found to work in a cooperative manner under axial or eccentric compression when the position coefficient is about 0.5. An improved bearing capacity algorithm that takes the position coefficient into account has been proposed based on the experimental and simulation results and current technical specification in China. It has been proven to be precise and safe.

Cracks in Tianshengqiao CFRD Versus Sectionalized Filling

During the later period of construction of Tianshengqiao concrete faced rockfill dam(CFRD), cracks appeared in the upstream fill slope. The main reason was the nonuniform deformation. The treatment methods were: for cracks with opening less than 1 cm, the cracked slope was compacted with added effort to eliminate cracks; for cracks with opening greater than 1 cm , crack grouting was carried out . The practice demonstrated the treatment was successful. Careful analysis of the relation between sectionalized filling and crack emergence is of significance in guiding the construction design and drawing out filling plan for a high CFRD.

Investigation of Excavator Performance Factors in an Open-Pit Mine Using Loading Cycle Time

This study presents the effect of excavator model, loading operation location, shift availability and truck-shovel combination on loading cycle time and productivity of an open-pit mine. The loading cycle time was used to assess the material loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for material transportation in an open-pit mine. Loading is among the components of cycle time during which material is being handled. The data analyzed?was?collected from a computerized dispatch system at GGM from which 62,000 loading dispatches per month involving several shifts, 14 excavators and 49 trucks were loaded. About 4465 dispatches per excavator and 1276 dispatches per truck were assessed using loading cycle time data for each dispatch for a period of four months (between August and December). Under fixed tonnage loaded and waste type (33 t of non-acid forming waste rock),?it was observed that loading cycle time depends on excavator model, location and truck being loaded. Average cycle times, PDFS?and CDFS of loading cycle time series were used to identify differences in performance under different situations. It was concluded that shift availability for excavators, loading location, excavator model and truck-shovel combinations strongly affect the productivity during loading process in an open-pit mine.

n型MoS_(2)/p型c-Si太阳电池前后接触势垒的模拟优化

基于提高n型MoS_(2)/p型c-Si太阳电池转换效率的目的,采用美国滨州大学研发的AMPS-1D软件,针对电池前后接触势垒对光伏性能的影响进行模拟优化。模拟结果表明:前接触势垒(对于电子)越低,电池性能越好,当前接触势垒为0.1 eV时,电池转换效率达17.617%;背接触势垒越高,电池短路电流升高越明显,光伏性能越好,当背接触势垒为1.1 eV时,电池转换效率达17.762%。为电池增加带隙为1.8 eV的非晶硅背场后,电池的光伏性能明显改善。电池有背场后,背接触势垒越高,电池的开路电压升高越显著,当背接触势垒为1.7 eV时,电池的转换效率提高至27.641%。此研究旨在为n型MoS_(2)/p型c-Si太阳电池的实验制备提供一定的理论参考。

硅微透镜阵列与红外焦平面阵列的集成器件的制备与性能(特邀)

为了提高红外焦平面阵列性能,分别制备了硅衍射微透镜阵列和InSb红外焦平面阵列并将两者集成在一起。采用光学系统和焦平面测试系统进行了测试。结果显示双面镀制有增透膜的硅衍射微透镜阵列的衍射效率为83.6%;电压响应图显示器件没有裂纹;集成器件的工作波段为3.7~4.8μm,此时平均黑体响应率和探测率分别为4.85×10^(7)V/W和7.12×10^(9)cm·Hz^(1/2)·W^(1)。结果表明硅微透镜阵列不仅可以提高焦平面阵列占空因子,而且可以通过优化焦平面应力匹配来解决芯片裂纹问题,集成器件性能优于现有焦平面性能。

煤矿充水因素评价及涌水量预测

含水层、老窖水以及采空区积水等水源对煤矿安全生产带来威胁。以山西省某煤矿为例,分析充水因素,并对采用富水系数比拟法对涌水量进行预测,有利于煤矿防治水工作开展,对井下安全生产具有重要意义。

配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱工作机理分析

目的 提出一种配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土新型组合柱,分析其在轴向荷载作用下的工作机理,以解决空心钢管混凝土柱空心率较大和延性差等问题。方法 对配筋空心圆钢管高强混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立组合柱的有限元模型,以试验结果验证有限元模型的准确性。对组合柱的受力工作机理进行分析,重点研究其在轴向荷载作用下的受力过程、各组分分担内力比例和应力状态。结果 与空心圆钢管高强混凝土柱相比,未配置普通钢筋的试件峰值承载力提升了6.37%、DI提高了6.64%、SI提高了3.59%,配置普通钢筋的试件峰值承载力提升了13.31%、DI提高了8.12%、SI提高了5.68%。整个受力过程中,管柱混凝土和夹层混凝土承载的内力比例分别为36.2%~39.7%和29.0%~30.6%。结论 配置普通钢筋的试件具有更高的承载能力和延性能力;夹层混凝土和管柱混凝土在加载过程中为主要受力组分;钢筋在加载前期基本不承担内力,进入塑性强化阶段才开始发挥作用。

气象因子与播期调控水稻籽粒灌浆关系的研究

为研究东北地区适宜的水稻播种日期,以通禾822水稻品种为供试材料,设置6个播期处理:4月10日(S1)、4月20日(S2)、4月30日(S3)、5月10日(S4)、5月20日(S5)、5月30日(S6),探讨了气象因子与齐穗后的水稻产量构成因子、籽粒灌浆特性之间的关系。结果表明:(1)播期从4月10日推迟到5月30日,水稻生育进程加快,生育时期缩短,千粒重显著降低;产量下降主要是由结实率和千粒重引起的,而结实率和千粒重的降低主要与活跃灌浆期、最大灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率有关,而活跃灌浆期、灌浆速率受齐穗后有效积温、日最高温度和降雨量的影响显著。(2)在播期内,水稻的结实率、千粒重、最大灌浆速率随着有效积温的增加和日最高温度的升高而呈增加的趋势。(3)播期的延迟导致水稻在灌浆期遭遇大量降雨,从而造成水稻灌浆速率下降、产量减少;影响籽粒灌浆和千粒重的主要气象因子是积温。在当地气候条件下,4月20日播种处理的水稻灌浆性能较好,有利于获得较高的产量和提高有效积温的生产效率。

高温后钢管高强混凝土柱的黏结性能

为了研究高温后钢管高强混凝土柱的黏结性能,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立模型,并与已有试验结果进行验证,吻合良好。研究表明:钢管高强混凝土柱的黏结应力随着温度的升高呈现出先增加后减小的趋势;黏结应力随着混凝土强度的增大而增大,随着径厚比的增大而减小;长径比在2.74~7.72的范围内,随着长径比的增加,黏结力逐渐增加;黏结界面破坏的速度随温度的增加而减缓;随着温度的增加耗能因子呈现先增大后减小的趋势。

广义圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力公式

为研究圆形、圆端形、变圆心角圆端形和矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力的统一计算公式,采用两种不同本构关系建立广义圆端形钢管混凝土轴压短柱的ABAQUS有限元模型,利用90个钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验数据与有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。通过改变构件的截面形状和材料强度,设置了9组共90个广义圆端形钢管混凝土轴压短柱有限元模型。对有限元计算结果展开参数分析,研究截面平直段高宽比和截面圆心角对钢管混凝土约束效应的影响。基于统一理论和约束分区方法,以截面形状影响系数对套箍系数进行了修正,并在GB 50936—2014推荐的圆形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力公式的基础上,建立了广义圆端形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力简化计算公式,最后采用452个广义圆端形钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验数据对公式的准确性进行了验证。结果表明:当材料强度和含钢率一定时,广义圆端形钢管混凝土柱的套箍约束效应随着截面平直段高宽比的增大而减小,随着截面圆心角的增大而增大;简化公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,适用于圆形、圆端形、变圆心角圆端形及矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压承载力计算。

三维四向碳/碳复合材料力学性能预测与试验验证

针对三维四向碳/碳复合材料力学性能预测问题,基于参数传递多尺度分析方法建立微结构模型,并结合细观力学方法实现了基本力学性能的预测。首先在微观尺度采用随机扰动算法构造出纱线体积代表单元(RVE)模型,预测得到纤维束有效性能参数。同时,采用观察试验法构建三维四向碳/碳复合材料细观RVE模型。最后通过均匀化理论准确预测了复合材料弹性性能参数,并讨论了纱线填充因子对三维四向碳/碳复合材料弹性性能参数的影响,开展了相关试验。结果表明:建立的多尺度有限元模型的拉伸模拟预测结果与试验结果误差在5.5%左右;复合材料弹性性能参数对纱线填充因子的敏感度各不相同。

环五孔稀疏孔径系统成像性能研究

稀疏孔径系统作为高分辨率成像解决方案,其成像性能却受子孔径之间活塞误差和各独立子孔径波前残差强烈影响。以均匀环五孔构型为研究对象,通过对点扩散函数和调制传递函数的表征,数值模拟得到了该构型的成像相关误差指标。从频域覆盖无截断的角度分析了环五孔构型的填充因子,选择范围为27.8%至68.5%。以斯特列尔比(大于0.80)为评价准则,填充因子为43.2%时的子孔径之间的活塞误差最大容忍度约为λ/6,含有独立自适应光学系统的各子孔径的波前残差均方根最大容忍度约为λ/14。填充因子的选择范围从根本上受到子孔径波前残差的限制,而子孔径之间的共相则需以一定的自适应光学校正水平为前提。

江西红壤旱地不同播期对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

【目的】旨在明确江西红壤旱地玉米栽培的适宜播种时期。【方法】以郑单958和先玉335为试验材料,于2021—2022年5—7月设置播期处理,研究了不同播期玉米产量及构成因素变化,以期为江西玉米高产栽培提供理论参考。【结果】播期调整显著影响玉米的生育进程、花前花后物质积累和最终产量。玉米产量以5月初播种为最高(5529.99 kg/hm^(2)),并随播期推迟整体呈下降趋势。穗粒数是随播期变化影响产量的主要因素。此外,粒重也受到播期调整的影响,且与最大灌浆速率时的粒重呈显著正相关。品种比较而言,郑单958产量整体高于先玉335。【结论】在不影响冬季作物(如油菜)的前提下,江西红壤旱地普通玉米应在品种选择的基础上,适时早播,时间不宜晚于5月上/中旬。

含挖填界面边坡三维稳定性上限分析

针对工程实践中挖填交界面与边坡坡面走向线斜交的高边坡空间三维稳定分析问题,基于极限分析上限定理,构建拓展的三维牛角状破坏机构,通过引入机构参数挖填界面倾角α突出边坡特性,建立与之对应的功能平衡方程,采用序列二次规划优化算法求解强度折减后的边坡安全系数上限解。在此基础上,计算了宁夏黄土丘陵地区妙岭750kV变电站高边坡以及相关文献中极限状态下边坡稳定性系数γH/c工程案例,并将计算结果与有限元极限分析软件模拟值进行对比分析。结果表明:随着挖填界面倾角α的增大,边坡安全系数Fs上限解和模拟值均减小,两种方法的计算结果相对误差在5.9%以内,且拓展的破坏机构与数值模拟的剪切耗散变形模式基本一致;在极限状态下,拓展机构的上限解和数值模拟结果都十分接近于1.0,二者相对误差未超过8.3%。研究工作为此类高边坡空间稳定分析问题提供了一种简便实用的计算方法。