Under increasing anthropogenic pressure,species with a previously contiguous distribution across their ranges have been reduced to small fragmented populations.The critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise(Neopho...Under increasing anthropogenic pressure,species with a previously contiguous distribution across their ranges have been reduced to small fragmented populations.The critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis),once commonly observed in the Yangtze River-Poyang Lake junction,is now rarely seen in the river-lake corridor.In this study,static passive acoustic monitoring techniques were used to detect the biosonar activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in this unique corridor.Generalized linear models were used to examine the correlation between these activities and anthropogenic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and boat navigation,as well as environmental variables,including hydrological conditions and light levels.Over approximately three consecutive years of monitoring(2020–2022),porpoise biosonar was detected during 93%of logged days,indicating the key role of the corridor for finless porpoise conservation.In addition,porpoise clicks were recorded in 3.80%of minutes,while feeding correlated buzzes were detected in 1.23%of minutes,suggesting the potential existence of localized,small-scale migration.Furthermore,both anthropogenic and environmental variables were significantly correlated with the diel,lunar,monthly,seasonal,and annual variations in porpoise biosonar activities.During the pandemic lockdown period,porpoise sonar detection showed a significant increase.Furthermore,a significant negative correlation was identified between the detection of porpoise click trains and buzzes and boat traffic intensity.In addition to water level and flux,daylight and moonlight exhibited significant correlations with porpoise biosonar activities,with markedly higher detections at night and quarter moon periods.Ensuring the spatiotemporal reduction of anthropogenic activities,implementing vessel speed restrictions(e.g.,during porpoise migration and feeding),and maintaining local natural hydrological regimes are critical factors for sustaining porpoise population viability.展开更多
The sex-related molecular marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise was screened using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique combined with the bulked segregant analysis. Totally 36 AFLP primer combinati...The sex-related molecular marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise was screened using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique combined with the bulked segregant analysis. Totally 36 AFLP primer combinations were used to detect the genome DNA bulks of the female and male porpoises, and one sex-related AFLP marker was finally obtained. The marker can be applied to sex identification, and provides a base for further cloning of sex-related genes and analyzing of Y chromosome haplotypes of the Yangtze finless porpoise.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of adding grape seeds and tea polyphenols to improve the health of finless eels(Monopterus albus).[Methods]Twelve cages were selected in the same wat...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of adding grape seeds and tea polyphenols to improve the health of finless eels(Monopterus albus).[Methods]Twelve cages were selected in the same water body and divided into 4 groups,each with 3 parallel groups.The control group was fed with common finless eel feed,and the experimental groups were fed with feed supplemented with grape seeds,tea polyphenols,and grape seed-tea polyphenol compound(with a ratio of grape seeds to tea polyphenols at 1∶1),respectively.The feeding amount of each additive was 1%.The experiment was carried out by feeding medicated feed for 3 d and ordinary feed for 3 d,that is,alternately feeding medicated feed and ordinary feed.The experiment lasted for 18 d.[Results]Six serum enzymatic indices were detected after the breeding.The results showed that compared with the control group,the three groups of samples had a certain protective effect on the liver in terms of liver function indices.In terms of immunity evaluation,the tea polyphenol group and the grape seed-tea polyphenol complex group could increase the immunity of eels to varying degrees.In terms of antioxidant capacity,all three groups of samples could increase the body's antioxidant capacity.The results of this study showed that adding tea polyphenols and grape seeds to the feed simultaneously could effectively protect the liver of fish,and simultaneously enhance their antioxidant and non-specific immune functions.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the application of the two Chinese herbal medicines,grape seeds and tea polyphenols,in finless eel farming.展开更多
Blubber thickness(BT)has a seasonal pattern in most small cetaceans in temperate and polar regions,which may be a crucial adaptive mechanism in response to environmental temperature changes.However,BT and environmenta...Blubber thickness(BT)has a seasonal pattern in most small cetaceans in temperate and polar regions,which may be a crucial adaptive mechanism in response to environmental temperature changes.However,BT and environmental temperature correlations have never been tested experimentally in any cetacean species owing to logistical difficulties in the aquatic environment.The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis,YFP)is one of the smallest cetacean species worldwide,which exclusively inhabits the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River in China.Here,we investigated BT variation patterns in YFPs and their relationship to environmental temperature changes using ultrasound imaging technology by longitudinally monitoring four YFPs in human care.We found that blubber was not evenly distributed in the skin of YFPs.BT increased along the craniocaudal axis from the head to the umbilical girth,and decreased towards the fluke,with relatively thicker blubber in the dorsal region than in the ventral and lateral regions.Significant negative correlations between BT and seasonal water temperature changes were observed in YFPs.However,different body regions display different sensitivities to seasonal temperature changes.The BT in the anal girth region exhibited noticeable seasonal changes.In contrast,the umbilical lateral and ventral regions showed relatively blunt seasonal changes,indicating different adaptive functions of the blubber in different regions.BT in the dorsal region decreased linearly with increasing water temperature.In the lateral and ventral regions,BT significantly changed with water temperature at a threshold of 18C.The YFPs had relatively thinner BT than similar-sized harbor porpoises that inhabit relatively high latitudes with much lower water temperatures.This further demonstrates the adaptive function of BT in response to environmental temperatures in small cetaceans.This study elucidates the seasonal pattern of BT variation in small cetaceans and provides insight into adaptation mechanisms of small cetaceans to temperature changes.展开更多
Since the filling of the reservoir of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)dam in the Yangtze River in 2003,erosion downstream from the dam site has affected the finless porpoise’s habitat.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)...Since the filling of the reservoir of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)dam in the Yangtze River in 2003,erosion downstream from the dam site has affected the finless porpoise’s habitat.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)fluvial process mathematical model is used to calculate flow and sediment transport in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,including the finless porpoise’s habitat.By analyzing the calculation results for the water resources,suspended load,and bed materials in the finless porpoise’s habitat after the riverbed deformation,we evaluated the possible impact on this rare Yangtze River aquatic animal.The results show that,with the erosion of riverbed over the next 20 years,the water quantity comprising the habitat will decrease to half of its present amount,and the bed materials will be eroded to coarse grading,such that the reserve will become a gradually disappearing stream.Effective engineering measures should be used to decrease the erosion in the main channel,in case the overall erosion cannot be stemmed and controlled,to ensure an adequate water volume flows into the finless porpoise’s habitat.展开更多
The stratification of blubber fatty acids(FAs)is a widely used strategy in marine mammals and can be influenced by many factors,including their diet,environmental temperature,and physiological status.There are 3 disti...The stratification of blubber fatty acids(FAs)is a widely used strategy in marine mammals and can be influenced by many factors,including their diet,environmental temperature,and physiological status.There are 3 distinct finless porpoise species/subspecies in Chinese coastal and inland waters in a wide range from 20°N to 40°N.The biochemical stratification of the blubbers of finless porpoises in different regions may provide valuable information for understanding their environmental adaptations.The FA compositions of 4 geographic populations of finless porpoise(FP)collected from the Bohai Gulf,East China Sea,South China Sea,and Yangtze River were therefore analyzed and compared.The blubber FA compositions of finless porpoises were dominated by∑MUFAs,followed by∑SFAs and∑PUFAs,and were generally consistent with those of other cetaceans.The blubber of finless porpoises was significantly stratified with increasing levels of∑MUFAs and decreasing levels of∑SFAs and∑PUFAs from the inner to the outer layers.The 3 marine populations shared more similarities in their FA compositions and stratifications compared to the freshwater porpoises,particularly regarding the PUFAs in the inner layers,which might have been mainly influenced by the diet compositions of marine and freshwater porpoises.Contrary to what was expected,in the 3 marine populations,the SFA and MUFA levels showed opposite correlations(negative and positive,respectively)with habitat temperatures,possibly indicating an adaptation mechanism in finless porpoises characterized by a trade-off between the insulation and fluidity properties of the blubber through the adjustment of the compositions and gradients of MUFAs and SFAs across the blubber depth in response to environmental temperature/latitude changes.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Service Network Initiative Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (41806197)the Exploratory Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (ZX2023000154)。
文摘Under increasing anthropogenic pressure,species with a previously contiguous distribution across their ranges have been reduced to small fragmented populations.The critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis),once commonly observed in the Yangtze River-Poyang Lake junction,is now rarely seen in the river-lake corridor.In this study,static passive acoustic monitoring techniques were used to detect the biosonar activities of the Yangtze finless porpoise in this unique corridor.Generalized linear models were used to examine the correlation between these activities and anthropogenic impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and boat navigation,as well as environmental variables,including hydrological conditions and light levels.Over approximately three consecutive years of monitoring(2020–2022),porpoise biosonar was detected during 93%of logged days,indicating the key role of the corridor for finless porpoise conservation.In addition,porpoise clicks were recorded in 3.80%of minutes,while feeding correlated buzzes were detected in 1.23%of minutes,suggesting the potential existence of localized,small-scale migration.Furthermore,both anthropogenic and environmental variables were significantly correlated with the diel,lunar,monthly,seasonal,and annual variations in porpoise biosonar activities.During the pandemic lockdown period,porpoise sonar detection showed a significant increase.Furthermore,a significant negative correlation was identified between the detection of porpoise click trains and buzzes and boat traffic intensity.In addition to water level and flux,daylight and moonlight exhibited significant correlations with porpoise biosonar activities,with markedly higher detections at night and quarter moon periods.Ensuring the spatiotemporal reduction of anthropogenic activities,implementing vessel speed restrictions(e.g.,during porpoise migration and feeding),and maintaining local natural hydrological regimes are critical factors for sustaining porpoise population viability.
文摘The sex-related molecular marker of the Yangtze finless porpoise was screened using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique combined with the bulked segregant analysis. Totally 36 AFLP primer combinations were used to detect the genome DNA bulks of the female and male porpoises, and one sex-related AFLP marker was finally obtained. The marker can be applied to sex identification, and provides a base for further cloning of sex-related genes and analyzing of Y chromosome haplotypes of the Yangtze finless porpoise.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-46).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of adding grape seeds and tea polyphenols to improve the health of finless eels(Monopterus albus).[Methods]Twelve cages were selected in the same water body and divided into 4 groups,each with 3 parallel groups.The control group was fed with common finless eel feed,and the experimental groups were fed with feed supplemented with grape seeds,tea polyphenols,and grape seed-tea polyphenol compound(with a ratio of grape seeds to tea polyphenols at 1∶1),respectively.The feeding amount of each additive was 1%.The experiment was carried out by feeding medicated feed for 3 d and ordinary feed for 3 d,that is,alternately feeding medicated feed and ordinary feed.The experiment lasted for 18 d.[Results]Six serum enzymatic indices were detected after the breeding.The results showed that compared with the control group,the three groups of samples had a certain protective effect on the liver in terms of liver function indices.In terms of immunity evaluation,the tea polyphenol group and the grape seed-tea polyphenol complex group could increase the immunity of eels to varying degrees.In terms of antioxidant capacity,all three groups of samples could increase the body's antioxidant capacity.The results of this study showed that adding tea polyphenols and grape seeds to the feed simultaneously could effectively protect the liver of fish,and simultaneously enhance their antioxidant and non-specific immune functions.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference for the application of the two Chinese herbal medicines,grape seeds and tea polyphenols,in finless eel farming.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,Grant No.2021YFD1200304.
文摘Blubber thickness(BT)has a seasonal pattern in most small cetaceans in temperate and polar regions,which may be a crucial adaptive mechanism in response to environmental temperature changes.However,BT and environmental temperature correlations have never been tested experimentally in any cetacean species owing to logistical difficulties in the aquatic environment.The Yangtze finless porpoise(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis,YFP)is one of the smallest cetacean species worldwide,which exclusively inhabits the middle and lower regions of the Yangtze River in China.Here,we investigated BT variation patterns in YFPs and their relationship to environmental temperature changes using ultrasound imaging technology by longitudinally monitoring four YFPs in human care.We found that blubber was not evenly distributed in the skin of YFPs.BT increased along the craniocaudal axis from the head to the umbilical girth,and decreased towards the fluke,with relatively thicker blubber in the dorsal region than in the ventral and lateral regions.Significant negative correlations between BT and seasonal water temperature changes were observed in YFPs.However,different body regions display different sensitivities to seasonal temperature changes.The BT in the anal girth region exhibited noticeable seasonal changes.In contrast,the umbilical lateral and ventral regions showed relatively blunt seasonal changes,indicating different adaptive functions of the blubber in different regions.BT in the dorsal region decreased linearly with increasing water temperature.In the lateral and ventral regions,BT significantly changed with water temperature at a threshold of 18C.The YFPs had relatively thinner BT than similar-sized harbor porpoises that inhabit relatively high latitudes with much lower water temperatures.This further demonstrates the adaptive function of BT in response to environmental temperatures in small cetaceans.This study elucidates the seasonal pattern of BT variation in small cetaceans and provides insight into adaptation mechanisms of small cetaceans to temperature changes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51139003)
文摘Since the filling of the reservoir of the Three Gorges Project(TGP)dam in the Yangtze River in 2003,erosion downstream from the dam site has affected the finless porpoise’s habitat.In this study,a one-dimensional(1D)fluvial process mathematical model is used to calculate flow and sediment transport in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,including the finless porpoise’s habitat.By analyzing the calculation results for the water resources,suspended load,and bed materials in the finless porpoise’s habitat after the riverbed deformation,we evaluated the possible impact on this rare Yangtze River aquatic animal.The results show that,with the erosion of riverbed over the next 20 years,the water quantity comprising the habitat will decrease to half of its present amount,and the bed materials will be eroded to coarse grading,such that the reserve will become a gradually disappearing stream.Effective engineering measures should be used to decrease the erosion in the main channel,in case the overall erosion cannot be stemmed and controlled,to ensure an adequate water volume flows into the finless porpoise’s habitat.
基金This study was financially supported by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong(MM01.2021).
文摘The stratification of blubber fatty acids(FAs)is a widely used strategy in marine mammals and can be influenced by many factors,including their diet,environmental temperature,and physiological status.There are 3 distinct finless porpoise species/subspecies in Chinese coastal and inland waters in a wide range from 20°N to 40°N.The biochemical stratification of the blubbers of finless porpoises in different regions may provide valuable information for understanding their environmental adaptations.The FA compositions of 4 geographic populations of finless porpoise(FP)collected from the Bohai Gulf,East China Sea,South China Sea,and Yangtze River were therefore analyzed and compared.The blubber FA compositions of finless porpoises were dominated by∑MUFAs,followed by∑SFAs and∑PUFAs,and were generally consistent with those of other cetaceans.The blubber of finless porpoises was significantly stratified with increasing levels of∑MUFAs and decreasing levels of∑SFAs and∑PUFAs from the inner to the outer layers.The 3 marine populations shared more similarities in their FA compositions and stratifications compared to the freshwater porpoises,particularly regarding the PUFAs in the inner layers,which might have been mainly influenced by the diet compositions of marine and freshwater porpoises.Contrary to what was expected,in the 3 marine populations,the SFA and MUFA levels showed opposite correlations(negative and positive,respectively)with habitat temperatures,possibly indicating an adaptation mechanism in finless porpoises characterized by a trade-off between the insulation and fluidity properties of the blubber through the adjustment of the compositions and gradients of MUFAs and SFAs across the blubber depth in response to environmental temperature/latitude changes.
