Firm Size, Innovation and Vertical Integration Incentives： The Case of Food Supply Chain

This study aims to investigate and explore the relationship between vertical integration and the firm＇s innovativeness in food supply chain. For doing so, a two-stage least-squares model was used. It encompassed instrumental variables that attempt to describe the effective determinants of firm＇s vertical integration willingness. Results based on data concerning a set of 130 food-manufacturing firms, highlighted that vertical integration of a firm is strongly affected by internal incentives such as innovation rate and firm size. Moreover, it is simultaneously influenced by the economies of scale and some structure incentives. To conclude, results indicate globally that important and statistically significant differences exist across the studied firms and the small effective ones which acquire a high level of vertical integration.

Relationship between Logistics Firm Size and Business Diversification: An Empirical Study of Chongqing, Area in China

This paper aims to explore the relationship between logistics firm size and business diversification, especially in micro- and small-sized enterprises, and assess the diversification process of Chongqing logistics enterprises using new data source. It is intended to contribute to theoretical research on diversification in the emerging logistics industry based on resource-based view (RBV) and factor production theory. We innovatively establish the logistics business classification system, then measure the degree and direction of diversification of logistics enterprises based on mean narrow-spectrum diversification-based product count methods. The empirically shows that there are a growing number of highly-diversified logistics enterprises in general, with an average annual increase of 14.23%. Especially after 2008, small and medium-sized enterprises developed towards related diversification while micro-sized enterprises came to the opposite conclusion. For them, creating unrelated diversified business is a crucial way to generate a competitive advantage. Unlike the conclusions derived from other industries, small-sized logistics enterprises are prone to try a new business, both related and unrelated, for better survival and performance. And changes in the firm size of medium and large-sized enterprises have little impact on the development of the business diversification.

The Relationship between the Firm Size and the Quantity of Accountants Employed by the Firm： An Analysis of the 436 Listed Firms in the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange

There are 9.56 million accountants in China, who are working in different size firms and nonprofit organizations. The objective of this article is to examine the quantitative relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants working for the firm. In this paper, the employees, sales revenues, and total assets in a firm are employed to measure firm size. The authors collect and analyze the data of 436 listed firms from the Chinese Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The result of this study indicates there is a positive relationship between the firm size and the quantity of accountants employed by the firm. The study also establishes the multiple regression equation, which can be used to predict the quantity of accountants of listed firms. And it provides a way to predict the quantity of accountants of legal organizations.

Dynamics of firm size in healthcare industry

Healthcare is one of the world’s fastest growing industries consisting of broad services offered by various hospitals, physicians, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories, pharmacies and supported by drugs, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, medical equipment, manufacturers and suppliers. The industry is highly fragmented, comprising of various ancillary sectors namely medical equipment and supplies, pharmaceutical, healthcare services, biotechnology, and alternative medicines. The present study focuses on the pharmaceutical and biotechnology segments of the healthcare industry, and presents a stochastic analysis of the evolution over time of firm size. A dynamic model is proposed that attempts to predict the evolutionary process of firm size distribution based on industry and product characteristics. A validation exercise, applying the model to pharmaceutical and the biotechnology industries finds that the predictions from the model are very close to the actual trajectories of firm size distributions within these industries at the global level. The results show interestingly, that the drivers of firm size dynamics are industry level characteristics that can be estimated from historical data with some accuracy. Specifically, it is found that firm size distributions are approaching a long-run equilibrium at a faster rate in the case of the pharmaceutical industry and that the dispersion of the distributions are shrinking over time above all for the biotechnology industry.

Auditor Experiences, Accounting Firm Size, and Client Ownership

This study investigates whether accounting firms match the experience level of individual auditors with the risk level of clients in order to control audit risk. We find that accounting firms tend to assign more experienced auditors to non-state-owned clients that typically have higher tendency to engage in earnings management. Such an assignment pattern is more pronounced for non-Big 4 accounting firms. Further analysis suggests that auditors＇ experience helps reduce clients＇ earnings management level, proxied by abnormal accruals, and thus improves the audit quality. This study enriches the literature on the allocation of human resources and the risk control mechanism in the audit services industry, which has been seldom explored in prior studies.

Firm Size and Work Compensation in China

Remarkably, recent research on the Chinese labor market has suggested that the situation in China is inconsistent with the stylized fact that large firms pay higher wages and offer more generous benefits. Expanding the empirical basis from 78 to 300 000 industrial firms, I overturn theprevious result andshow that wage determination in the averagefirmfits the international norm. Exploring subsamples of firms I also point to a likely source for the conflictingfindings： firm size is positively correlatedwith the average wage in private firms, but negatively correlated with the average wage in the state-owned sector. These novel results couM guide future studies aiming to understand the sources of the firm size wage premium, and, in particular, studies that target the largest industrial labor market in the world

Technological Intensity of Sectors,Size of the Firms and Competencies of Network Evidence from French Industrial Firms

The aim of this article is to stress the importance of competencies to build network in the innovation process. Innovation is not only R＆D but is often supporting by networks and relations that differ according to the size of the firm and the sector. We propose an empirical analysis, based on logit model, for French industrial firms. It appears that size and technological intensity of the sector affect positively the detention of networking competencies.

可持续供应链管理对中小制造企业朴素式创新的影响研究

基于可持续供应链管理视角,对6家企业进行定性探索和295家制造业中小企业进行实证检验,分析制造业中小企业朴素式创新的主要影响因素。研究表明:在可持续供应链内部管理方面,内部环境管理与内部社会责任管理会促进中小制造企业的朴素式创新;在可持续供应链外部管理方面,企业与供应商进行可持续合作会促进企业朴素式创新的开展,而企业监督评价供应商的可持续发展行为并不影响企业的朴素式创新;公司规模仅在可持续供应链内部管理对企业朴素式创新的影响中发挥正向调节作用。

家族所有权涉入与企业国际化--基于企业规模与国资参股的视角

家族所有权涉入对企业国际化的影响通常被认为是线性的。关于两者之间是否存在非线性关系,现有研究尚未得出一致结论。基于中国创业板和中小板上市家族企业2013-2019年的平衡面板数据,采用多元回归分析,并结合门槛模型,探讨家族所有权涉入的不同阈值水平对企业国际化的影响。分析结果表明,家族所有权涉入与企业国际化之间存在非线性关系,企业规模、国资参股具有双重门槛效应,在这两种情境特征下家族所有权涉入对企业国际化会产生不同程度的影响。进一步分析结果表明,在2020-2022年的样本中,家族所有权涉入对企业国际化的积极影响有所减弱,这说明外部风险与极端环境会对家族企业的国际化策略具有明显影响。此外,不同经济区域的家族企业,其所有权涉入对国际化的影响表现出明显的异质性。研究结论为家族企业更好地面向国际化经营提供了新的理论支撑与实践启示。

审计意见质量与关键审计事项报告积极性

KAM作为审计报告新增要素,其报告内容与方式必须服从、服务于审计报告核心要素——审计意见的质量保证要求。选取2016年A+H股和2017—2021年沪深A股上市公司作为样本,研究审计意见质量保证要求对KAM报告的影响,发现审计意见质量低时,KAM披露的数量越多、篇幅越大、可读性越强、语调越消极,差异度越大,KAM报告积极性越高。事务所规模越大、客户风险越低,上述关系越显著。通过一系列稳健性检验,结论依然成立。进一步研究发现:审计意见质量对KAM报告积极性的影响,不仅有利于提高审计报告沟通价值,而且有利于降低被审计报表的财务重述,控制审计失败。研究结论对审计师有效编制、监管部门适当监管、投资者正确理解新审计报告,充分发挥其功能作用,具有重要的启示意义。

中小型会计师事务所审计质量优化策略研究

随着社会与经济的不断发展进步,我国越来越重视会计师事务所的审计质量。在新时代下,审计质量是会计师事务所生存和发展的基石。会计师事务所必须不断提升审计质量,才能更好地适应市场经济的发展。审计质量是衡量会计师事务所是否合格的重要指标,对于维护市场信任、保护投资者利益以及促进经济发展至关重要。然而,审计行业面临着诸多挑战,如审计复杂性的增加、监管压力的加大以及科技创新的快速发展。在这样的背景下,中小型会计师事务所需要不断探索和实践,以提升审计质量,确保其在竞争激烈的市场中保持竞争优势。本文首先阐述了提高中小型会计师事务所审计质量的意义,然后分析了当前中小型会计师事务所审计质量存在的问题,最后提出了提高审计质量的措施。

Capital Structure Determinants and Their Impact on Firm Value： Evidence From Indonesia

This study has two main purposes, i.e., the first is to discover and analyze capital structure determinants, and the second is to discover and analyze the influence of capital structure determinants on firm value in which capital structure treated as a moderating variable. Factors suspected to be determinants of capital structure consist of company growth, profitability, asset structure, leverage, and company size. The population in this study were manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Using purposive sampling method, 125 companies with four years＇ （2008-2011） observation period were collected. The analysis tool used was multiple regression. The results showed that factors which significantly determined capital structure were fixed asset structure, leverage, profitability, and size, while company growth did not influence capital structure. Meanwhile, with capital structure as a moderating variable, asset structure, leverage, and profitability significantly influence the finn value, while company growth and company size did not influence the firm value.

中小微企业创新的测度与调查

中国企业创新创业调查(Enterprise Survey for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in China,简称ESIEC)的主要目的之一,就是通过对中小微企业的调查填补中小企业创新数据缺失的空白。本文首先对创新测度和创新调查相关的理论和文献进行了梳理,其次对ESIEC的问卷设计进行了介绍,然后对ESIEC的企业创新数据的基本事实进行了分析,最后用CDM(Crepon,Duguet,and Mairessec)模型分析了中小微企业中研发、创新和生产率之间的关系。结果表明,在ESIEC的中小微企业中,研发、创新和生产率之间的关系与文献结论一致。相比中国现有的创新方面的微观数据,本文所依托的ESIEC具有以下四个方面的突出优势:①涵盖多维度的创新测度和较为全面的创新方面的信息,不仅有与国际通用创新调查数据相同的调查信息,还考虑了中国的经济特色,包含了一些与高质量发展相关的指标;②调查对象包含了小微企业;③调查对象不仅包含制造业,还包含多种服务业;④与国际上很多微观层面的创新调查采用线上或电话调查不同,ESIEC采用了由受过严格训练的访员面对面调查企业负责人或高管的方式。总之,ESIEC数据可以被很好地用来分析中国中小微企业的创新活动。初步分析结果表明,基于ESIEC的创新分析结果与文献一致:①企业规模对企业的研发投入决策起着至关重要的作用;②研发促进了产品创新和流程创新;③产品创新和流程创新都能促进劳动生产率。因此,ESIEC数据具有良好的可靠性,并且可以与欧盟创新调查(CIS)和美国的年度商业调查(ABS)进行可比性分析。

企业规模、市场结构与技术创新:对两个熊彼特假说的再考察

在区分企业创新参与和创新水平的基础上,基于1998~2013年中国工业企业和授权专利的微观匹配数据,利用Heckman两阶段模型估计了企业规模和市场结构两类竞争因素对企业创新决策和创新产出的影响。研究发现:企业规模与市场结构对中国工业企业的创新决策和创新产出均有显著正向影响,且在外资企业、国有企业、出口企业和沿海企业中效果更明显,即大企业和一定程度的垄断可能更有利于创新的两个熊彼特假说在中国工业企业中均成立。研究结果显示,通过正常市场竞争产生的企业规模扩张和行业市场结构适度集中,不仅可以让更多中国企业参与创新竞赛以提高研发成功概率,还能通过提高企业创新产出冲破技术封锁和提高企业核心竞争力,实现企业创新参与和创新产出的双重提升。

CEO绿色变革型领导与企业双元绿色创新:被调节的中介模型

绿色创新是企业减少碳排放,实现碳中和的重要路径,而从CEO领导行为视角探讨企业绿色创新形成机理的研究并不多见。论文整合高阶理论和双元理论,剖析了CEO绿色变革型领导对企业双元绿色创新的作用机制和边界条件。对154家制造业企业的CEO和高层管理者的两阶段匹配数据进行分析发现:CEO绿色变革型领导对企业双元绿色创新(探索性绿色创新和利用性绿色创新)具有直接的正向影响;企业前瞻型环境战略中介上述影响过程;同时,企业规模是影响CEO绿色变革型领导作用发挥的边界条件,即在企业规模较大时,CEO绿色变革型领导通过前瞻型环境战略影响企业双元绿色创新(探索性绿色创新和利用性绿色创新)的正向影响更强。

IT能力对组织韧性的影响研究

基于130家成长型企业的两轮有效问卷调研数据,实证检验企业IT能力对组织韧性的影响,并进一步探讨内外部环境因素的调节作用。研究表明:IT能力与组织韧性之间呈显著正相关关系。进一步研究发现:当所处行业的竞争动荡性、需求不确定性程度更高时,IT能力对组织韧性的促进作用有所增强;对于规模更大的企业,IT能力对组织韧性的促进作用更强。

ESG表现对企业经营风险的影响研究

在国家“十四五”规划和2035远景目标纲要的背景下,企业ESG(Environmental,Social,Governance)表现对于加快发展绿色转型,协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护目标具有重要意义。基于2010—2021年沪深A股上市公司样本,本文实证考察了企业ESG表现对经营风险的影响机制。研究发现:企业ESG表现能够通过降低企业信息不对称性和缓解代理冲突来降低企业经营风险,且该效应在小规模企业和重污染企业中更为显著。此外,ESG表现还有助于提高企业价值,以期为企业如何降低经营风险提供理论启示和政策建议。

精于心,简于形:实用品外观设计的复杂度对消费者偏好的影响

本文聚焦实用品的外观设计,探究外观设计的复杂度对消费者产品偏好的影响及心理机制。通过6个实验,本文证实外观设计的复杂度负向影响消费者对实用品的产品偏好。其背后的心理机制是消费者对企业在产品不同属性之间的资源配置持有朴素的零和思维。对实用品而言,随着外观设计复杂度的提升,消费者推断企业减少了在产品关键属性上的投入,从而导致他们对产品质量的感知和产品偏好下降。这一效应在消费者对企业的资源配置持有非零和思维或者在企业的规模较大因此资源更为丰富的情况下有所减弱。本文拓展了产品设计的相关文献,并为企业如何通过产品外观设计提升实用品的市场表现提供了重要的实践指导。

绿色发展对企业财务绩效的影响研究——基于企业规模的调节效应

基于可持续发展理论以及资源效益理论,以2015年-2021年沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,通过上市公司公开财务数据以及社会责任报告中的环境信息披露数据,采用实证方法检验上市公司环境绩效对财务绩效的影响以及企业规模对两者关系发挥的作用机制。得出结论:企业环境绩效与财务绩效之间呈显著正相关关系;企业规模加入弱化了环境绩效与财务绩效之间的正向关系,具有负向调节作用。为进一步促进企业绿色发展,从政府、企业自身两个角度提出相应对策建议。

浅谈中小企业内部控制存在的问题及优化措施——基于税务师事务所角度

随着国家经济结构持续革新,“万众创业,大众创新”成为经济发展的主要特点。在此背景下,中小企业发展十分快速,经济地位也在不断提高。但中小企业在组织架构、资产总量等方面仍存在一些不足之处。从税务师事务所的角度出发,分析了内部控制的特点、重要性、存在的问题,并提出了优化措施。