Drip fertigation and plant hedgerows significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses and maintain high fruit yields in intensive orchards

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff over a whole year were measured by using successional runoff water collection devices.The four experimental treatments were conventional fertilization(CK),drip fertigation(DF),conventional fertilization combined with plant hedgerows(C+H),and drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows(D+H).The results from one year of continuous monitoring showed a significant positive correlation between precipitation and surface runoff discharge.Surface runoff discharge under the treatments without plant hedgerows totaled 15.86%of precipitation,while surface runoff discharge under the treatments with plant hedgerows totaled 12.82%of precipitation.Plant hedgerows reduced the number of runoff events and the amount of surface runoff.Precipitation is the main driving force for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,and fertilization is an important factor affecting the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus.In CK,approximately 7.36%of nitrogen and 2.63%of phosphorus from fertilization entered the surface water through runoff.Drip fertigation reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and lowered the runoff loss concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows significantly reduced the overall TN and TP losses by 45.38 and 36.81%,respectively,in comparison to the CK totals.Drip fertigation increased the vertical migration depth of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil,which increased the pear yield.The promotion of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows will greatly reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to runoff and maintain the high fruit yields in the intensive orchards of the Tai Lake Basin.

Predicting Pepper Fruit Yield Based on Temperature and Solar Radiation

Two separate experiments were conducted in bell pepper （Capsicum annum L.） in order to evaluate the effects of temperature and radiation on fruit yield. The results of the temperature experiment were integrated into the radiation experiment to give an overall empirical model for potential pepper fruit yield grown in greenhouse. In the temperature experiment, pepper plants were planted during the summer time of Israel in the Arava region in a commercial, one hectare greenhouse, equipped with a cooling wet-mat system. Eleven plots were assigned along the 80 m down the row from the wet mat. Air seasonal temperatures were affected by the distance from the wet-mat and linearly increased at the rate of 0.036 ℃/m, while relative humidity was not affected. Fruit yield dropped from 19.4 kg/m at a distance of 20 m, to 13.1 kg/m2 at 80 m away from the wet-mat, respectively. Yield regression decreased linearly with increased temperature at -11%/℃. In the radiation experiment, during the summer time of Israel in the Western Negev region, three sweet pepper varieties were grown under six radiation treatments, which accumulated to the following relative global radiation fractions （lint/lout）： 0.72, 0.61, 0.46, 0.38, 0.32 and 0.21 from outside radiation. The three varieties did not differ in their response to radiation. The seasonal temperature normalized yield response to radiation quantity at 21 ℃ （Y21） yielded a linear regression formula with a slope of 7.6 × 10^-3 kg/m^2/MJ. The multiplicative model of temperature and radiation on fruit yield was found to predict well the potential fruit yield for various locations and seasons in Israel.

Evaluation of Tomato Lines against Septoria Leaf Spot under Field Conditions and Its Effect on Fruit Yield

Field studies were conducted at Hazara Agriculture Research Station, Abbottabad to evaluate thirteen AVRDC lines along with one commercial check (Roma) for potential of fruit yield against septoria leaf spot during summer season 2014. The disease established itself by natural infection and disease severity was estimated with the help of 0 - 5 disease rating scale after 15 days interval from the onset of symptoms. The lines showed significant difference in % septoria leaf spot infection. The disease severity % increased up to 100% in line AVTO1314 whereas the lowest % severity was recorded in AVTO1173 which showed the highest yield (468.1 g) with average fruit weight 122.22 g while the significantly lowest mean yield/plant (35.05 g) was calculated in line AVTO1314 with fruit weight 47.92 g. It was concluded that the line AVTO1173 could be useful in genetic programs for incorporating resistant genes in local tomato germplasm against septoria leaf spot disease.

The Yield and Diseases-Pest Performance of Breeding Materials for Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) Sourced from Different Exotic Sources

A study was conducted with 36 tomato germplasm [PGRC (19), The Netherlands (7), Japan (2), and Bangladesh (9)] with 3 check varieties in the research field of the Olericulture Division of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the winter season of 2022-23 to identify promising tomato breeding germplasm. All the germplasm showed differences in most of the parameters studied. Considerable variation was observed for fruit yield per hectare varied from 39 to 144 tons, while the highest fruit yield per hectare was harvested from the germplasm viz., BD 7759B, BD 7757, BD 7751, BD 7301, QM, BD 7759A, BD 7762, QF, BD 7753, BD 8886, BD 10351, NL-1A, SLA-19. The number of locules, total soluble solids (TSS) and plant height at last harvest varied from 2 to 6.6, 2.6 to 5.9%, and 66 to 154cm, respectively. The TYLCV infection (%) and leaf-sucking pest infestation (%) were observed with a 1 to 20% range in the field condition in both cases. So, we can select that germplasm has zero per cent infestation. Considering the plant growth habit, earliness, different yield contributing horticultural traits, virus and pest infestation thirteen germplasm viz., BD 7759B, BD 7757, BD 7751, BD 7301, QM, BD 7759A, BD 7762, QF, BD 7753, BD 8886, BD 10351, NL-1A, SLA-19 were selected as breeding materials for further tomato improvement program.

The Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Plant and Soil Nitrogen Characteristics and Fruit Growth of Rabbiteye Blueberry Plants in a Semi-Arid Region in China

To evaluate the effects of nitrogen(N)and irrigation coupling on the soil N distribution,plant N utilization,and fruit yield of rabbiteye blueberries(Vaccinium virgatum),a field experiment was designed using two factors(water and fertilizer application)with four levels of irrigation and three levels of fertilization,and a control.Under the different water and fertilizer combinations,N primarily accumulated in the leaves.Irrigation and N application within appropriate ranges(pure N≤29 g/plant and irrigation volume≤2.5 L/plant)significantly improved the blueberry fruit yield.Increases in water and N within these ranges promoted the effective accumulation of N in various organs and the absorption and utilization of N in the plants,which ultimately promoted blueberry yield.With increased N application rate,the nitrate N content of the 0–20 cm and 20–50 cm soil layers increased.With increased irrigation volume,the nitrate N content of the 0–20 cm soil layer decreased,while the nitrate content in the 20–50 cm soil layer increased.Low N and moderate water treatments resulted in high fruit yields and reduced nitrate N retention in the soil.Under these conditions,the economic input-output ratio was high and the soil N accumulation was low,and thus the economic and ecological benefits were maximized.

Peach yield and fruit quality is maintained under mild deficit irrigation in semi-arid China

We conducted a two-year study of deficit irrigation impact on peach yield and quality in semi-arid northwest China. Over two years, four-year-old peach trees were irrigated at 100, 75, 50 and 25% of peach evapotranspiration （ETc）, here, ETc= Coefficient （Kc）×Local reference evapotranspiration （ET0）. During the April-July fruit production season we measured root zone soil water depletion, sap flow velocity, net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, water use efficiency （WUE=Pn/Tr）, fruit quality, and yield under a mobile rain-out shelter. Increased soil water depletion reasonably mirrored decreasing irrigation rates both years, causing progressively greater water stress. Progressive water stress lowered Gs, which in turn translated into lower T as measured by sap flow. However, mild deficit irrigation （75% ETc） constricted T more than Pn. Pn was not different between 100 and 75% ETc treatments in both years, and it decreased only 5-8% in June with higher temperature than that in May with cooler temperature. Concurrently under 75% ETc treatment, was reduced, and WUE was up to 13% higher than that under 100% ETc treatment. While total fruit yield was not different under the two treatments, because 75% ETc treatment had fewer but larger fruit than 100% ETc trees, suggesting mild water stress thinned fruit load. By contrast, sharply decreased T and Pn of the driest treatments （50 and 25% ETo） increased WUE, but less carbon uptake impacted total fruit yield, resulting 13 and 33% lower yield compared to that of 100% ETc treatment. Irrigation rates affected fruit quality, particularly between the 100 and 75% ETc trees. Fewer but larger fruit in the mildly water stressed trees （75% ETc） resulted in more soluble solids and vitamin C, firmer fruit, and improved sugar：acid ratio and fruit color compared to the 100% ETo treatment. Overall, trees deficit irrigated at 75% ETc maintained yield while improving fruit quality and using less water.

Effects of planting dates and shading on carbohydrate content,yield,and fiber quality in cotton with respect to fruiting positions

Two cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars, Kemian 1（cool temperature-tolerant） and Sumian 15（cool temperaturesensitive） were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions（FP）. Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates（OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June） and two shading levels of crop relative light rate（CRLR, 100 and 60%）. Compared with fruiting position 1（FP1）, cotton yield and yield components（fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose） were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments（OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%） had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the ＂source＂ sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions.

Growth simulation and yield prediction for perennial jujube fruit tree by integrating age into the WOFOST model

Mathematical models have been widely employed for the simulation of growth dynamics of annual crops,thereby performing yield prediction,but not for fruit tree species such as jujube tree(Zizyphus jujuba).The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential use of a modified WOFOST model for predicting jujube yield by introducing tree age as a key parameter.The model was established using data collected from dedicated field experiments performed in 2016-2018.Simulated growth dynamics of dry weights of leaves,stems,fruits,total biomass and leaf area index(LAI) agreed well with measured values,showing root mean square error(RMSE) values of 0.143,0.333,0.366,0.624 t ha^-1 and 0.19,and R2 values of 0.947,0.976,0.985,0.986 and 0.95,respectively.Simulated phenological development stages for emergence,anthesis and maturity were 2,3 and 3 days earlier than the observed values,respectively.In addition,in order to predict the yields of trees with different ages,the weight of new organs(initial buds and roots) in each growing season was introduced as the initial total dry weight(TDWI),which was calculated as averaged,fitted and optimized values of trees with the same age.The results showed the evolution of the simulated LAI and yields profiled in response to the changes in TDWI.The modelling performance was significantly improved when it considered TDWI integrated with tree age,showing good global(R2≥0.856,RMSE≤0.68 t ha^-1) and local accuracies(mean R2≥0.43,RMSE≤0.70 t ha^-1).Furthermore,the optimized TDWI exhibited the highest precision,with globally validated R2 of 0.891 and RMSE of 0.591 t ha^-1,and local mean R2 of 0.57 and RMSE of 0.66 t ha^-1,respectively.The proposed model was not only verified with the confidence to accurately predict yields of jujube,but it can also provide a fundamental strategy for simulating the growth of other fruit trees.

Influence of Jatropha Fruit Maturity on Seed Oil Yield, Composition and Heat of Combustion of Derived Biodiesel

Maturity of Jatropha fruits has influence on oil yield, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of derived biodiesel. Oil yield was determined using soxhlet extraction while biodiesel was prepared through the process of transesterification. Fatty acid profile was determined according to test method EN 14103 using Agilent Technologies GC System 7890. The calorific value of biodiesel was determined using Oxygen Bomb Calorimeter, IKA C200 according to test method ASTM D5865. Results showed that Yellow Jatropha fruit seeds have the highest oil yield and energy content, coupled with the best mix of fatty acid methyl esters.

Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Growth,Fruit Quality and Yield of Apple Trees

Water-saving irrigation is an important way to realize the sustainable development of the apple industry.In order to screen the best irrigation pattern for apple,taking 9-year-old‘Yanfu 10'Fuji/Malus robusta apple as the material,the effects of different irrigation methods(drip irrigation,sprinkling irrigation,and flood irrigation) on the growth,fruit quality,and yield of apple trees were studied.The results showed that compared with the flood irrigation,drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation significantly increased the spring shoot length by 14.8%and 9.1%,respectively,and decreased the autumn shoot length by 11.7% and 8.8%,respectively.Drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation significantly increased the leaf area,chlorophyll content,and leaf weight,the leaf area increased by 3.0% and 1.9%,respectively,the chlorophyll content increased by 13.9% and 11.5%,respectively,and the leaf weight increased by 5.8% and 5.1%,respectively.Drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation could slightly increase the single fruit weight and fruit shape index,significantly increase the coloring index and smoothness index.The single fruit weight increased by 3.2% and 1.9%,the coloring index increased by 6.1% and 4.1%,the smoothness index increased by 4.7% and 2.8%,and the proportion of red fruit increased by 4.2% and 2.2%,respectively.The content of soluble solids in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was significantly higher than that in flood irrigation,which was 13.0% and 2.6% higher than CK,respectively.The fruit hardness in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was 7.9% and 2.2% higher than CK,respectively,and that in drip irrigation increased significantly.The yield in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was 12.1% and 8.2% higher than CK,respectively.In conclusion,drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation could promote the growth of apple trees,improve the fruit quality,and increase the yield of apple trees,and the effect of drip irrigation is better than sprinkling irrigation.

Effect of Shoot-Fruit Ratio on Grape Yield,Quality and Storage Nutrient

With the grape variety ＂Summer Black＂ as the test material, the effects of different shoot-fruit ratios on grape yield, fruit quality and grapevine storage nutrient were investigated for 2 consecutive years, so as to determine the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Shandong. The results showed that the grapes with shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 had the highest soluble solid content, vitamin C content and grapevine storage nutrient. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the shoot-fruit ratio of 1∶ 1 was the optimized load for Summer Black grapes in Tai an of Shandong Province, and the yield was 1 179.37-1 288.63 kg per 667 m^2.

Comparison of Fruit Traits and Yield among Different Olive Cultivars

With the local major cultivar Leccino as the control,the fruit quality,yield and early maturing property of introduced olive cultivars( Koroneiki,Arbequina,Hojiblanca) from Spain were studied. The results showed that there were differences in fruit traits such as single fruit weight,ratio of flesh content,moisture content and oil content between different cultivars. The yield of early maturing property of the introduce cultivars were better than those of Leccino. The introduced varieties can fruit after 1-2 a,showing early maturity and high yield. This can provide a theoretical reference for the cultivation of olive in Longnan.

Model for Assessment Evaluation of Methane Gas Yield Based on Hydraulic Retention Time during Fruit Wastes Biodigestion

This paper presents an assessment evaluation of methane gas yield using a derived model based on the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the feed stock (waste fruits) undergoing biotreatment in the digester. The derived model;γ = e(3.5436 α + 2.0259) indicates an exponential relationship between methane yield and the HRT. Statistical analysis of the model-predicted and experimental gas methane yield for each value of HRT considered shows a standard error of 0.0081 and 0.0114% respectively. Furthermore, the correlation between methane yield and HRT as obtained from derived model and experimental results were evaluated as 0.9716 and 0.9709 respectively. Methane gas yield per unit HRT as obtained from derived model and experiment are 0.0196 and 0.0235 (m3kg-1 VS) days-1 respectively. Deviational analysis indicates that the maximum deviation of the model-predicted methane yield from the corresponding experimental value is less than 16%. It was also found that the validity of the model is rooted on the expression 0.2822 ln γ = α + 0.5717 where both sides of the expression are correspondingly approximately equal.

氯吡苯脲对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响

氯吡苯脲(forchlorfenuron,CPPU)是杧果生产上使用的膨大剂,由于使用不规范,造成了品质下降、果实畸形等诸多问题。本研究选用12 a树龄的贵妃杧果树为试材,在盛花期后15 d,喷施不同质量浓度(10、20、60 mg/L)的CPPU,花后15、25、35d各喷1次,共喷3次,生理成熟期后采摘,研究CPPU对贵妃杧果果实产量、品质和采后贮运特性的影响。结果表明:幼果期经10~20 mg/L CPPU处理后能够增加杧果的果形指数、促进果实膨大和产量增加,当CPPU浓度增加至60 mg/L时,果实膨大明显,但会导致产量下降。CPPU处理后,果实采摘时(生理成熟期)果实的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量明显升高,花色苷明显降低,果皮红度值(a^(*))偏小,其颜色偏绿;完熟期杧果的叶绿素、类红萝卜素含量高,花色苷含量低,高浓度CPPU处理果实果面红色偏少,黄色偏多,果皮a^(*)值偏小,部分果实偏绿色;完熟期的可溶性固形物含量降低,总酸增加,固酸比下降,口感甜度下降,低浓度影响较小,高浓度CPPU处理对内在影响较大。CPPU处理可降低杧果采后病害的发生,果实采后保持较高的硬度,明显延缓杧果储藏期果实软化,明显延长了杧果的贮藏时间,提高了其采后贮运特性。综合以上结论,幼果期喷施CPPU的适宜浓度为10~20 mg/L,盛花期后15~50d果实细胞旺盛分裂期效果最佳,可显著增加单果重和产量,对果实品质和果实转色影响不显著,并能延长贮藏时间,更利于采后贮运保鲜。

平邑甜茶高位嫁接丽嘎拉苹果树冠层内枝类结构和果实品质、产量的分布

【目的】掌握以平邑甜茶为砧木,采用高位嫁接方式的丽嘎拉苹果树冠层内枝类结构、果实产量和品质的分布特点,为辽宁寒地苹果园建设中应用该种栽培模式,提升果品质量、优化栽培措施提供参考。【方法】以丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶、丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)和丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(低接)苹果树为试材,按照冠层分格的方法,将试验树从地面到顶部分成4个冠层,比较不同冠层高度内枝类结构、果实产量和品质的分布差异。【结果】丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)苹果树高、冠径、覆盖率生长速度高于丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶,丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)树体外观表现为“小脚”现象,而丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶表现为“大脚”现象。丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)苹果树枝量、短枝比例高于丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(低接)和丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶。丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)、丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(低接)和丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶枝量分布集中区域为冠层高度>2.00~3.00 m、>3.00 m和>1.00~2.00 m,占全树枝量比例的43.51%、45.37%和47.96%。相同冠层高度内,丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)果实单果质量、果形指数、硬度、可滴定酸含量、色差L和a值高于丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶。随着冠层高度的增加,丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)、丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(低接)和丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶果实硬度、可滴定酸含量呈现下降趋势,而固酸比和色差值(L、a、b)呈现上升趋势。丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(高接)和丽嘎拉/平邑甜茶(低接)果实产量主要分布在冠层高度>2.00 m的空间区域,占全树产量的69.79%和75.55%,而丽嘎拉/GM256/平邑甜茶为>1.00~3.00 m,占比全树产量的74.59%。【结论】以平邑甜茶为砧木,采用高位嫁接的丽嘎拉苹果树枝条数量多、短枝比例高、外观色泽好,树体枝量和果实产量分布集中区域为冠层高度>2.00~3.00 m,该冠层生产的苹果单果质量大、果形指数适中、可溶性固形物含量高。

福建地区不同栽培模式下百香果的产量与品质特征

为探究多级结果蔓栽培模式和单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果大田生长时间、产量与品质相关指标表现特征,于2020—2021年开展百香果大田生产试验,并以紫果类主栽品种台农1号百香果和黄果类品种芭乐味百香果为材料,观察或测定2种栽培模式下百香果开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标,并分析果实品质指标间,以及果实品质指标与果实成熟期内温度、光照等气象因子的相关性。结果表明:1)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下,百香果植株现蕾期、始花期和始果期的时间均较迟,果实发育成熟所需时间缩短,成花率和坐果率显著增加,且花蕾期、成花率、果实发育成熟期和坐果率的变异系数均较低,台农1号和芭乐味从定植到采收结束时所需时间分别比多级结果蔓栽培模式缩短69~71 d和51~58 d;2)从实收总产量及其产量构成因素看,单级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量显著低于多级结果蔓栽培模式,且其全部由一级蔓产量组成,而多级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量由主蔓、一级蔓、二级蔓和三级蔓产量组成,各级结果蔓产量在总产量占比上表现不一致;与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果单株结果数量显著减少,但平均单果重和中大果比率显著提高;3)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,在单级结果蔓栽培模式下,果实总酸含量显著降低,果皮重、果汁量、可食率、总糖、糖酸比提高,且果实品质中7项指标值的变异系数均较低,温度、光照等气象因子与果实品质存在极显著相关性。综上所述,百香果在单级结果蔓栽培模式下可缩短大田生长时间,而且开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标表现特征均优于多级结果蔓栽培模式,各项指标值变异系数相对稳定。

一株野生粗毛纤孔菌的驯化栽培研究

以采自吉林长白山区域的一株野生粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)为研究对象,通过在不同温度下进行菌丝培养,筛选该菌株菌丝的最适培养温度,并通过制作母种、原种和栽培种,进行出菇试验,观察菌丝和子实体的生长情况。结果表明:该菌株菌丝最适生长温度为28℃,在母种、原种、栽培种培养期间,菌丝平均生长速度分别为5.13 mm/d、6.31 mm/d、5.86 mm/d;栽培培养基采用柞木屑78%、麸皮20%、石灰1%、石膏1%配方,获得的子实体与野生形态相似,子实体从原基形成到成熟需30 d左右,平均产量为336.8 g/袋(干料重720 g/袋),子实体含水量为90%,生物学效率为46.7%。

夏季修剪强度对蓝莓生长结果及果实品质的影响初探

以避雨棚内3年生盆栽H5蓝莓为试材,分别于2022年6月10日、6月30日对一次枝、二次枝留长2~3芽超重短截,于7月20日对三次枝分别进行10、15、20、25、30 cm 5个短截处理,2023年2~6月调查5个处理枝的发枝与结果情况。结果表明,蓝莓三次枝留枝长度30 cm短截处理的单株坐果数、单株产量、果实所含的总糖、糖酸比、Vc含量、总花色苷量显著高于其他处理,总黄酮醇量显著高于对照处理;总酸、柠檬酸显著低于其他处理。三次枝留枝长度为15 cm短截处理的单枝发枝量最多,枝条长度、平均单果重、果实硬度最大。三次枝留枝长度为25 cm短截处理的单枝结果数、总酸、柠檬酸、奎尼酸含量最高。综合指标分析和主成分分析认为,以三次枝留枝长度为30 cm的短截处理对蓝莓枝条生长发育和果实品质的效果最佳。

冷冻储存对黑木耳菌包特性和子实体品质的影响

为了探究冷冻储存对黑木耳菌包特性和子实体品质的影响,为黑木耳菌包冬季储存条件提供技术参考,以完成后熟的黑木耳菌包为试验材料,在-20℃条件下分别冷冻储存15 d和30 d,以20℃储存30 d为对照,观察测定黑木耳菌包特征、单袋产量、子实体形态特征和质构特性。结果表明,冷冻储存可抑制黑木耳菌包菌丝体生长,显著降低耳片硬度、弹性和咀嚼度,增加第1潮耳片产量。冷冻储存对耳片泡发率、黏聚性和回复性影响不显著。冷冻储存时间越长,第2潮耳片产量和单袋产量越低,耳片越薄,耳片弹性越低。

高产大果抗寒日本栗新品种‘黄丰’选育研究

该研究为了选育出丰产、大果、优质且抗寒的日本栗新品种,通过引种驯化和育种研究,成功培育出高产大果抗寒日本栗新品种‘黄丰’。该品种产量稳定,嫁接10 a以上平均产量高达6255 kg·hm^(-2),且果实硕大,平均单果质量达27.17 g,加工品质上乘。在抗寒性方面,‘黄丰’能够抵御-30℃的极端低温,并具备抗栗瘿蜂的能力。该品种在辽宁省丹东、大连等日本栗适宜栽培区具有广阔的种植前景。