Multi-source Data-driven Identification of Urban Functional Areas:A Case of Shenyang,China

Urban functional area(UFA)is a core scientific issue affecting urban sustainability.The current knowledge gap is mainly reflected in the lack of multi-scale quantitative interpretation methods from the perspective of human-land interaction.In this paper,based on multi-source big data include 250 m×250 m resolution cell phone data,1.81×105 Points of Interest(POI)data and administrative boundary data,we built a UFA identification method and demonstrated empirically in Shenyang City,China.We argue that the method we built can effectively identify multi-scale multi-type UFAs based on human activity and further reveal the spatial correlation between urban facilities and human activity.The empirical study suggests that the employment functional zones in Shenyang City are more concentrated in central cities than other single functional zones.There are more mix functional areas in the central city areas,while the planned industrial new cities need to develop comprehensive functions in Shenyang.UFAs have scale effects and human-land interaction patterns.We suggest that city decision makers should apply multi-sources big data to measure urban functional service in a more refined manner from a supply-demand perspective.

Division of carbon sink functional areas and path to carbon neutrality in coal mines

Remote sensing image data of typical mining areas in the Loess Plateau from 1986 to 2018 were used to analyze the evolution of land use,explore the division of carbon sink functional areas,and propose carbon neutrality paths to provide a reference for the coal industry carbon peak,carbon-neutral action plan.Results show that(1)land use has changed signifcantly in the Pingshuo mining area over the past 30 years.Damaged land in industrial,opencast,stripping,and dumping areas comprises 4482.5 ha of cultivated land,1648.13 ha of grassland,and 963.49 ha of forestland.(2)The carbon sink functional areas of the Pingshuo mining land is divided into invariant,enhancement,low carbon optimization,and carbon emission control areas.The proportion of carbon sinks in the invariant area is decreasing,whereas the proportion in enhancement,low carbon optimization,and carbon emission control areas is gradually increasing.(3)The carbon neutrality of the mining area must be reduced from the entire process of stripping–mining–transport–disposal–reclamation,and carbon emissions and carbon sink accounting must start from the life cycle of coal resources.Therefore,carbon neutrality in mining areas must follow the 5R principles of reduction,reuse,recycling,redevelopment,and restoration,and attention must be paid to the potential of carbon sinks in ecological protection and restoration projects in the future.

Intraoperative awake anesthesia applied for tumor excision in cerebral functional areas

Objective:To observe the feasibility and safety of awake anesthesia for tumor excisions in pa- tients with brain tumors involving cerebral functional areas.Methods:Fifty patients with brain tumors in- volving cerebral functional areas,ASAⅠ-Ⅱgrade,were enrolled in this study.Propofol and remifentanil were used for total intravenous anesthesia,and a laryngeal mask airway(LMA)was inserted for the air- way opening and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation(SIMV).At the surgeon's request for an intraoperative wake-up test,the propofol infusion was stopped advance of 10-15 min,the remifentanil in- fusion rate was decreased to 0.050-0.075μg/kg from 0.10-0.20μg/kg per min for easing surgical pain. The LMA was removed until the patient awakened.The anesthesiologist then kept up an on-going neuro- logical examination.After that,anesthesia was re-deepened and LMA was re-inserted until the whole surgery was accomplished.Results:Forty-six of 50 patients(92%)were successfully awakened and 4 (8%)failed to complete the intraoperative wake-up test because of dyspnea,over-sedation,or severe hy pertension.No severe complications occurred during the whole process.Conclusions:During the awake anesthetic period,the intraoperative wake-up test combined with navigation,evoked potential and ultra- sound techniques can help surgeons excise maximumly and precisely the brain tumors near to or in the functional areas.

Constrained Delaunay Triangulation for Grouping Functional Areas by Land Use

Functional land use maps are used for land evaluation, environmental analysis, and resource conservation. Spatial data clustering identifies the sparse and crowded places, thus discovering the overall distribution pattern of the dataset. Some clustering methods represent an attribute-oriented approach to knowledge discovery. Other methods rely on natural notions of similarities （e.g., Euclidean distances）. These are not appropriate for constructing functional areas. We propose a similarity value to evaluate the closeness between a pair of points based on the total functional area and the proportion of the main land use type for the entire functional area. We develop constrained attributes employing this similarity value and a DT （Delaunay triangulation） criterion function when merging clusters. Four thresholds are set to ensure that functional areas have acceptable proportions, regular shapes, and no overlap. An experimental study was conducted with cadastral data for Chengdu, China, from 2009. The results show the advantages for objectivity and efficiency in using the proposed algorithm to define functional areas. The areas are created dynamically at any convenient time.

Study on Temporal-spatial Distribution of Heavy Rain and Rainstorm in Different Functional Areas of Chongqing

To discuss response ability of five functional areas to rainstorm flood in Chongqing,by taking 8 districts（ counties） as research object,monthly occurrence times of heavy rain and rainstorm in different functional areas over the years and appearance month of the maximum rainfall were conducted statistics. Results showed that frequency distribution of heavy rain in whole year in different functional areas was different,but it was similar in the same functional zone. Temporal-spatial distribution of rainstorm was more independent,and there were different performances in various districts of each functional area. In urban functional core area and urban functional expansion area,rainstorm times was more,and the maximum precipitation was larger. In urban development new district,rainstorm times and the maximum precipitation were relatively smaller in whole Chongqing. In ecological conservation development area of northeast Chongqing,rainstorm duration was longer,and we needed prevention and control during June- September. In ecological protection area of southeast Chongqing,although rainstorm occurrence times was the most in Chongqing,the heavy rainstorm was less.

Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in different functional areas of Lanzhou,China

To elucidate the air pollution characteristics of northern China, airborne PM_10（atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 10 μm） and PM_（2.5）（atmospheric dynamic equivalent diameter ≤ 2.5 μm） were sampled in three different functional areas（Yuzhong County,Xigu District and Chengguan District） of Lanzhou, and their chemical composition（elements, ions, carbonaceous species） was analyzed. The results demonstrated that the highest seasonal mean concentrations of PM_10（369.48 μg/m^3） and PM_（2.5）（295.42 μg/m^3） were detected in Xigu District in the winter, the lowest concentration of PM_（2.5）（53.15 μg/m^3） was observed in Yuzhong District in the fall and PM_10（89.60 μg/m^3） in Xigu District in the fall.The overall average OC/EC（organic carbon/elemental carbon） value was close to the representative OC/EC ratio for coal consumption, implying that the pollution of Lanzhou could be attributed to the burning of coal. The content of SNA（the sum of sulfate, nitrate,ammonium, SNA） in PM_（2.5）in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons. The content of SNA in PM_（2.5）and PM_10 in Yuzhong County was generally lower than that at other sites in all seasons（0.24–0.38）, indicating that the conversion ratios from precursors to secondary aerosols in the low concentration area was slower than in the area with high and intense pollutants. Six primary particulate matter sources were chosen based on positive matrix factorization（PMF） analysis, and emissions from dust, secondary aerosols, and coal burning were identified to be the primary sources responsible for the particle pollution in Lanzhou.

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging with fluorescein sodium dyeing for surgery of gliomas in brain motor functional areas

Background Tumor surgery in brain motor functional areas remains challenging. Novel techniques are being developed to gain maximal and safe resection for brain tumor surgery. Herein, we assessed the magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging （MR-DTI） and fluorescein sodium dyeing （FLS） guiding technique for surgery of glioma located in brain motor functional areas. Methods Totally 83 patients were enrolled according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria （56 patients in experimental group, 27 patients in control group）. In the experimental group, the surgical approach was designed by DTI imaging, which showed the relationship between the tumor and motor tract. The range of resection in the operation was determined using the FLS-stained area, which recognized the tumor and its infiltrated tissue. The traditional routine method was used in the control group. Postoperatively, all patients underwent enhanced brain MRI within 72 hours to ascertain the extent of resection. Patients were followed in our outpatient clinic over 6-24 months. Neurological deficits and Karnofsky scoring （KPS） were evaluated. Results There were no significant differences in balance test indexes of preoperative data （sex, age, lesion location and volume, and neurological deficits before operation） and diagnosis of histopathology between the two groups. There was a trend in the experimental group for greater rates of gross total resection （80.4% vs. 40.7%）, and the paralysis rate caused by surgery was lower in experimental （25.0%） vs. control （66.7%） groups （P 〈0.05）. The 6-month KPS in the low-grade and high-grade gliomas was 91＋11 and 73＋26, respectively, in the experimental group vs. 82＋9 and 43＋27, respectively, in the control group （P 〈0.05 for both）. Conclusions MR-DTI and FLS dye guiding for surgery of glioma located in brain motor functional areas can increase the gross total resection rate, decrease the paralysis rate caused by surgery, and improve patient quality of life compared with traditional glioma surgery.

Functional Characteristics of Beijing Subway Stations Based on POI Data:Taking Beijing Metro Line 6 as An Example

Urban subway station is a key node related to urban social,political,economic and cultural activities.There are some differences in the location,function orientation,land use and flow characteristics of different types of stations in the city.This paper mainly used Tyson’s edge,kernel density analysis,chart analysis and other methods to classify the functional types of 412,393 POI data of 26 stations along Metro he results showed that the spatial distribution of Beijing Metro Line 6 was mainly divided into 3 categories,subway stations were divided into 4 categories.Among them,type A sites were divided into composite and single types,and the distribution characteristics of the 6 types of sites were quite different.Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of POI point data,this method can quickly classify and analyze the characteristics of stations along Line 6 in Beijing,which also has theoretical and practical value for the planning of urban subway lines.

AREA INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS AND H∞ FUNCTIONAL CALCULUS FOR SECTORIAL OPERATORS ON HILBERT SPACES

Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on Hilbert spaces. We establish the equivalence relationship between the square and area integral functions. This immediately extends McIntosh/Yagi＇s results on H∞ functional calculus of sectorial operators on Hilbert spaces to the case when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for activated functional brain areas following acupoint needling in the extremities

Totally three articles focusing on functional magnetic resonance imaging features of brain function in the activated brain regions of stroke patients undergoing acupuncture on the healthy limbs and healthy controls undergoing acupuncture on the lower extremities are published in three issues. We hope that our readers find these papers useful to their research.

An New Area Function for Sharp Indenter Tips in Nanoindentation

A new area function is introduced and applied to a Berkovich tip in order tocharacterize the contact projected area between an indenter and indented material. The function canbe related directly to tip-rounding, thereby having obviously physical meaning. Nanoindentationexperiments are performed on a commercial Nano Indenter XP^R system. The other two area functionsintroduced by Oliver and Pharr and by Thurn and Cook respectively are involved in this paper forcomparison. By comparison from experimental results among different area functions, the indenter tipdescribed by the proposed area function here is very close to the experimental indenter.

AREA FUNCTIONS ON HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED TO SCHRDINGER OPERATORS

In this paper, the author gives a characterization of atomic Hardy spaces associated to Schrodinger operators by using area functions, and hence gets the dual spaces of atomic Hardy spaces.

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.

AREA INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS FOR SECTORIAL OPERATORS ON L^p SPACES

Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on L^p-spaces. We establish the equivalence between the square and area integral functions for sectorial operators on L^p spaces. This follows that the results of Cowling, Doust, McIntosh, Yagi, and Le Merdy on H^∞ functional calculus of seetorial operators on LP-spaces hold true when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.

Analysis of the Capacity of Wellspring Conservation in Limestone Areas of Jinan

Spring water in the city of Jinan conies from the limestone areas. Understanding the capacity of wellspring conservation is a critical point to resume the perennial spewing of the spring water. The vegetation, soil, and other natural and human aspects related to the conservation are studied by using the methods of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS), and field investigation. In the end, suggestions for administration and planning as well as countermeasures are put forward.

The Space Dissimilation of Stakeholders' Environment Cognitive and Behavior Preference Response in the Area from Returning Fazing Land to Grasslands

The cognition and attitudes of resources environment affect environmental behavior of behavior subject,the changes of attitude and behavior become one of the key factors of influencing harmonious and healthy development of ecological environment. With PRA survey method for obtaining questionnaire data and based on behavior geography and social psychology theory,farming-pastoral,dry grassland,desert grassland, typical project village alpine grassland of returning fazing land to grasslands as an example,with main body cognitive perspective of the aid of resources,the article analyzed space dissimilation of stakeholders environmental cognitive and behavior preference response in the area of returning grazing land to grasslands from ecological environment from policy environment,ecological environment and family economic environment aspects. The results showed that： stakeholders judgment of Grassland degradation in different ecological function area had obvious regularity,the cognitive proportion of Grassland degradation gradually increase from farming-pastora to alpine savanes. The satisfaction from returning grazing land to grasslands showed a changing tendency of reversed U. stakeholders had more strongly negative cognition in the area of dry steppe and desertsteppe. From farming-pastoral to alpine savanes,the economic environment tend to worse situation. Negative environmental behaviors tend to increase,Positive behavior on the contrary.

Research on Crustal Flow and Its Dynamic Characteristics in Sichuan and Its Adjacent Area

Using the broadband seismic data of the regional stations in the Sichuan Digital Seismic Network and the mobile seismic stations in this region,the receiver function inversion method was adopted to study the characteristics of crustal flow and dynamic effects in Sichuan and adjacent areas. The results show that: Velocity in the crust and upper mantle of the Sichuan basin is significantly higher than that beneath the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The velocity v_S is from 3. 6 to 3. 8km / s in the crust and4. 5- 4. 8km / s in the upper mantle beneath the basin,and there is no low-velocity layer in the crust. The lithology shows a hard block. The v_S velocity in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is lower,with average v_Sof 3. 0- 3. 4km / s in the mid crust and4. 0- 4. 5km / s in the upper mantle. Low-velocity layers are distributed widely in the crust,most of which are in the mid crust at a depth of 20km- 40 km,and there are also a few low-velocity layers appearing in the upper crust at depths of 10km- 20 km and the lower crust at depths of 40km- 60 km. Affected by the northward pushing of the Indian plate,the eastward movement of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is blocked by the hard Sichuan basin,producing a southward and southeastward component.Such movement process is produced by the complicated forces acting in this area. Just under the action of these forces, the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau becomes a region with complicated geology and intensive earthquake activity. Obstructed by the hard Sichuan basin,the low-velocity crustal flow is delaminated and split into two or three upward and downward tributaries. The upward flow intruded into the upper crust,causing uplift of the earths urface,forming mountain crests; the downward flow intruded into the lower crust and upper mantle,resulting in thickening of the crust and depression of the Moho. The crustal flow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is mainly distributed along the active faults. The crustal flow flows out from the Qiangtang block in the middle part of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,the mainstream flows along the NW-SE trending Xianshuihe fault zone,then turns NS and flows to the south along the Anninghe and Xiaojiang faults. There is another crustal flow in the north of the study area,flowing in the NE and E-W directions to the Longmenshan faults.

Study of Crustal Thickness and Poisson Ratio of Hebei and Its Adjacent Areas by Teleseismic Receiver Function

We collected waveforms of a teleseismic event which occurred from January 2007 to October 2011 from 174 broadband seismic stations deployed in Hebei and its adjacent areas. Using the H-k stacking method,the average thickness and Poisson's ratio of the crust are acquired. In order to obtain reliable receiver functions, the broadband seismograms of 488 teleseismic earthquakes occurring in the epicentral distance range from 30° to 90° with magnitudes larger than Mb6. 0 are collected. The results show that crustal thickness have conspicuous lateral heterogeneity and have good correlation to the regional geological tectonic features. Poisson ratio's value is equated with the global models estimates which fluctuate at about 0. 25. Crustal thickness has positive correlation to the topography and the Taihang Mountains form the transition zone of thick and thin crustal thickness. There is an obvious difference in crustal thickness beneath the north and south of the Shanxi earthquake zone and the Poisson ratio of Datong,Ningwu and Anze basins is greater than 0. 3. The crustal thickness beneath the Zhang-Bo( Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea)earthquake zone decreases from west to north and its Poisson ratio shows conspicuous lateral heterogeneity. The thin crust and low Poisson ratio in the Huabei( North China)basin may correlate with the delamination of the North China craton.

Esophageal nasopharyngeal catheter in the wake-up anesthesia of the brain function area operations

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the self developed sound outside the ventilation device-esophageal nasopharynx catheter in brain functional areas surgery applications. Methods 13 patients involved functional areas of brain surgery were chosed. After induction of general anesthesia,the catheters were placed in the esophagus,then connected to anesthesia machines to an external

Big Data Analysis and Optimization Suggestions of Cultural Facilities in Shijingshan District,Beijing City

With the successful holding of Beijing Winter Olympic Games in 2022,the planning and cultural services of Shijingshan District have been reviewed,but the systematic planning theory has not been fully applied.Through the big data research method,the location advantages and disadvantages of Shijingshan District were analyzed,and the distribution of its cultural facilities was defined.Feasible optimization schemes were proposed according to its advantages and disadvantages as well as the experience and conditions of the Winter Olympics.