Dynamic Change Analysis of Urban Green Land in Jinan City Based RS and Geo-information Tupu

The three-period (1995, 1998 and 2003) remote sensing images in Jinan City, China are selected. And the information of green land, construction land, woodland and water body is extracted by using the image processing module of remote-sensing software and computerized interpretation module. Both the change table and transfer matrix table of land use area are analyzed by modeling module of remote-sensing software. Then, the Geo-information Tupu is obtained; and the temporal and spatial variation of land use in Jinan City is monitored and analyzed by Geo-information Tupu and transfer matrix. Result shows that land use structure change of Jinan City in the years 1995-1998 shows a transformation from green land to construction land. Area of green land circulating into construction land reaches 62.27 square kilometers, accounting for 25.84% of the initial green land. In the year 1998, areas of woodland and green land are reduced due to the urban expansion of Jinan City. However, with the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, areas of woodland and green land gradually increase in the year 2003, which are still less than those in the year 1995.

Geo-information Tupu Analysis of Land Use Change in Haihe River Basin

[Objective] This study was to provide basis for the scientific management of land use in Haihe River Basin （HRB） through the quantitative exploration of the land use conversion, changes of intensity and spatial distribution in this region. [Method] With the support of remote sensing technology and geographic information technology, the land use maps of the study area in 40 years （1970-2010） were in- terpreted and plotted. Four kinds of tupu, namely, land use change tupu, process tupu, arising tupu and evolution mode tupu were built through the spatial overlay of the land use maps to analyze the change rules of land use patterns. [Result] The conversion of arable land to construction land was the main characteristics of land use changes in HRB for the 40 years; the area of non-stable region accounted for 35% of the total, indicating that the land use changed remarkably, thus, it was nec- essary to strengthen the scientific land management in HRB; the new conversions to all land use patterns were all the lowest in 1980-1990, indicating that land use changed slowly during this period. [Conclusion] The results indicate that, compared with conventional transfer matrix method, geo-information tupu has obvious advantage in analyzing land use changes that it can demonstrate the spatial distribution of interest region, display the multi-dimensional spatial information.

Vegetation Change Prediction with Geo-Information Techniques in the Three Gorges Area of China

A computerized parametric methodology was applied to monitor, map, and estimate vegetation change in combination with '3S' (RS-remote sensing, GIS-geographic information systems, and GPS-global positioning system) technology and change detection techniques at a 1:50000 mapping scale in the Letianxi Watershed of western Hubei Province, China. Satellite images (Landsat TM 1997 and Landsat ETM 2002) and thematic maps were used to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and land use change. With ER Mapper and ERDAS software, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed and then classified into six vegetation density classes. ARC/INFO and ArcView software were used along with field observation data by GPS for analysis. Results obtained using spatial analysis methods showed that NDVI was a valuable first cut indicator for vegetation and land use systems. A regression analysis revealed that NDVI explained 94.5% of the variations for vegetation cover in the largest vegetation area, indicating that the relationship between vegetation and NDVI was not a simple linear process. Vegetation cover increased in four of areas. This meant 60.9% of land area had very slight to slight vegetation change, while 39.1% had moderate to severe vegetation change. Thus, the study area, in general, was exposed to a high risk of vegetation cover change.

Low-cost cloud computing solution for geo-information processing

Cloud computing has emerged as a leading computing paradigm,with an increasing number of geographic information(geo-information) processing tasks now running on clouds.For this reason,geographic information system/remote sensing(GIS/RS) researchers rent more public clouds or establish more private clouds.However,a large proportion of these clouds are found to be underutilized,since users do not deal with big data every day.The low usage of cloud resources violates the original intention of cloud computing,which is to save resources by improving usage.In this work,a low-cost cloud computing solution was proposed for geo-information processing,especially for temporary processing tasks.The proposed solution adopted a hosted architecture and can be realized based on ordinary computers in a common GIS/RS laboratory.The usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed solution was demonstrated by using big data simplification as a case study.Compared to commercial public clouds and dedicated private clouds,the proposed solution is more low-cost and resource-saving,and is more suitable for GIS/RS applications.

Land Degradation Due to Salinization in Arid and Semi-arid Regions with the Aid of Geo-information Techniques

This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1：250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps （ETM＋） were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index （NDSl） and Salinity Index （S.I.） were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data （GPS） for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 （72%） of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 （13%） had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 （10%） had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 （4%） of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization.

Constructing Geo-information Sharing Architecture

Along with the development of Internet, geo-information sharing and Open GIS are of increasing importance for GIS application fields. Southwestern China consists of several provinces or districts, they are Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing, etc. The economic and information cooperation among them are of significance. The pilot platform for resource and environment geo-information sharing for the southwestern China based on Web services, OGC(Open GIS Consortium) WFS(Web feature service) is constructed. Via this pilot platform, a loose information sharing mode can be implemented to improve their cooperation level.

基于地学信息图谱的科西河流域滑坡空间分异研究

以科西河流域滑坡为例,对滑坡信息图谱的概念和内容进行研究,归纳滑坡信息图谱由条件图谱、编目图谱、风险分布图谱和风险管理图谱组成,提出滑坡信息图谱按表达内容和功能的分类方法。基于滑坡条件图谱与编目图谱,采用空间统计的方法,揭示了研究区滑坡垂直向和纬度向分布与演化的空间分异规律:滑坡在垂直向200~1 000 m的高程段内为数量高密度区,400~1 200 m和2 800~3 600 m高程段面积比例大,北纬26°42′00″N~26°48′00″N为数量高密度区,26°42′00″N~26°48′00″N和27°24′00″N~27°30′00″N滑坡面积比例较大;相比1992年滑坡,新增滑坡在垂直向200~1 000 m和2 800~3 600 m高程段数量密度高,在3 200~3 400 m高程段面积比例较大,北纬26°48′00″N~26°54′00″N和27°48′00″N~27°54′00″N为高数量密度区,27°24′00″N~27°42′00″N为高面积比例区。

黄河流域近40年土地利用/覆被时空变化特征

[目的]研究土地利用/覆被时空变化特征对于黄河流域土地资源保护与合理开发具有重要意义,可为黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展战略实施提供重要参考。[方法]基于黄河流域1980-2021逐年土地利用/覆被数据,采用Mann-Kendall和滑动t检验、地学信息图谱、标准差椭圆和重心迁移模型等方法,探究近40年黄河流域土地利用/覆被变化特征。[结果](1)1980-2021年林地、灌丛、水域、建设用地显著增加,耕地、草地、湿地显著减少。(2)流域土地利用/覆被变化时段可划分为1980-1992年,1993-2001年,2002-2012年,2013-2021年,数量结构逐渐呈现快速变化特点,建设用地、湿地和水域变化敏感。土地利用结构均衡度逐渐增强,呈现的阶段性变化与实施的重大战略措施关联性高,并与划分的阶段较符合。(3)流域中上游以2012-2021年和间歇变化型、耕地和草地的相互转换为主,下游以2001-2012年和2012-2021年变化型、耕地转为建设用地和草地为主。流域内宁夏北部、内蒙古东部及部分沿黄河水系分布的地区变化频繁。(4)湿地、水域和建设用地的重心向西迁移,分别呈现向西南集中分布、向东分散、向西北集中分布态势。[结论]土地利用结构在政策导向下总体趋势变好,未来应重点关注湿地以及土地利用变化频繁的地区。

Tupu methods of spatial-temporal pattern on land use change:a case study in the Yellow River Delta

Comprehensive study on land-use change of spatial pattern and temporal process is the key component in LUCC study nowadays. Based on the theories and methods of Geo-information Tupu (Carto-methodology in Geo-information, CMGI), integration of spatial pattern and temporal processes of land-use change in the Yellow River Delta (YRD) are studied in the paper, which is supported by ERDAS and ARC/INFO software. The main contents include: (1) concept models of Tupu by spatial-temporal integration on land-use change, whose Tupu unit is synthesized by "Spatial·Attribute·Process" features and composed of relatively homogeneous geographical unit and temporal unit; (2) data sources and handling process, where four stages of spatial features in 1956, 1984, 1991, and 1996 are acquired; (3) integration of series of temporal-spatial Tupu, reconstruction series of "Arising" Tupu, spatial-temporal Process Tupu and the spatial temporal Pattern Tupu on land-use change by remap tables; (4) Pattern Tupu analysis on land-use change in YRD during 1956-1996; and (5) spatial difference of the Pattern Tupu analysis by dynamic Tupu units. The various landform units and seven sub-deltas generated by the Yellow River since 1855 are different. The Tupu analysis on land-use in the paper is a promising try on the comprehensive research of "spatial pattern of dynamic process" and "temporal process of spatial pattern" in LUCC research. The Tupu methodology would be a powerful and efficient tool on integrated studies of spatial pattern and temporal process in Geo-science.

贵州省国土空间格局演变特征及其生态环境效应

基于贵州省1980、1990、2000、2010年及2020年5期土地利用现状遥感监测数据,运用集“空间-过程-属性”一体的地学信息图谱法,从水平、垂直及景观特征多视角及时序与空间双重维度揭示贵州省国土空间格局演变特征,并通过NDVI数据对其生态环境质量指数进行修正,探究其生态环境质量时空演变及改善或恶化情况,结果表明:1)40 a间,国土空间演变以稳定型、后期变化型为主,分别占55.3%、43.74%,不同空间类型具有明显的水平区域差异,并在西南、西北及中部等区域演变更为剧烈;2)垂直演变剧烈且具有明显的垂直阈值特征,特别是近10 a生产、生活空间在坡度、海拔较低区域(<15°、<1500 m)呈扩张趋势,而在坡度、海拔较高区域(>25°、>2000 m)呈萎缩趋势,生态空间与之相反,“山上山下”统筹布局更趋合理;3)景观异质性明显,特别是近10 a林地生态空间的干扰度及破碎度下降,而其余类空间干扰度、聚集度上升;4)40 a间整体生态环境质量呈双“V”形变化趋势,总体由东向西呈增长态势,而近10 a导致生态环境质量恶化的国土空间转化类型趋向多元,但生态环境质量改善最明显。研究结果可为贵州省未来合理规划国土空间、保护生态环境提供科学依据,也为其他地区提供一定借鉴。

基于地学信息图谱的漓江流域土地利用时空演变分析

漓江流域是我国南方生态屏障的重要组成部分,也是喀斯特世界自然遗产保护地之一,生态环境脆弱,探究其土地利用变化特征及驱动力对土地资源合理利用至关重要。基于漓江流域1990、2000、2010、2020年4期遥感数据,综合运用地学信息图谱、主成分分析等方法,对土地利用演变及驱动力进行定量分析。结果表明,1990-2020年漓江流域主要的土地利用类型是林地和耕地,林地和建设用地持续增加,耕地不断减少,水域和草地波动减少,未利用地小幅增加;土地利用转移图谱以林地与耕地、草地之间相互转移以及建设用地占用耕地为主;1990-2000年主要图谱单元类型发生的变化最剧烈,涨势图谱中新增林地最大,落势图谱中耕地萎缩最大,各县区存在明显差异;经济活动尤其是旅游经济的壮大是导致流域土地利用变化的主要原因,人口变化与农业技术发展也是影响土地利用变化的重要因素。

西安市文化娱乐业空间结构演化规律与机制:对称与等级视角

文化娱乐业是城市经济转型发展与居民生活质量提升的重要载体。基于2010—2020年西安市文化娱乐业POI数据,运用地学信息图谱方法和时空地理加权回归模型,从对称和等级视角探讨西安市文化娱乐业空间结构演化规律,揭示空间结构形成机制。结果表明:2010—2020年西安市文化娱乐业由市中心区域向外围扩散,呈多中心化态势,其空间结构演化具有明显的对称与等级规律。各类型空间结构的形成是交通因素、人口因素、区域经济、商业区位、产业政策5个维度多种因子耦合作用的结果。基础型因子、发展型因子、辅助型因子分别通过供需机制、触发机制和强化机制作用于文化娱乐业热点的空间布局和区位选址。

A GIS-based Tupu Analysis of Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land in Western Jilin Province

Based on Tupu theory, this paper studied the dynamic changes, conversion modes, expansion intensity and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali lands in Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da'an City of the western Jilin Province in 1980-2000 with the help of GIS. The results show that the saline-alkali land rather sharply increased in Da'an during 1995-2000; the main conversion processes in the three counties were from grassland to saline-alkali land and from saline-alkali land to grassland; and the typical shapes, spatial expansion speed and mode, and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali land were different in the three counties, which were closely related to local topography, predominant wind orientation, water resources distribution, etc. The corresponding spatial expansion mode was marginality in Changling, random in Zhenlai and more kernels in Da'an, respectively. Landscape attributes also responded to the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of the saline-alkali land and the landscape indices of Da'an fluctuated greatly. The frame of this research may provide fundamental reference for landscape analysis and give some suggestions for regional sustainable development.

Eco-environmental spatial characteristics of Fildes Peninsula based on TuPu models

This study applies a TuPu analysis to investigate ecological and environmental aspects of an Antarctic ice-free area, using Fildes Peninsula as an example. The TuPu unit was determined using a vector-grid mixed data model. Information from the eco-environment elements was effectively extracted, and was generalized into different classes by means of data mining technol- ogy. A series of single-factor thematic information TuPu models, such as topography, soil, animal and vegetation, and human activities for Fildes Peninsula were built in this study. The topography TuPu model contained information on elevation and slope. The soil TuPu model involved soil development stages and soil thickness information. The animal and vegetation TuPu model contained the distribution of animals, plant types, lichen cover and lichen height. The human activities TuPu model included popu- lation density and human disturbance index information. The landscape comprehensive information TuPu model of Fildes Penin- sula also was established, and contains twenty-nine landscape units and twelve types of combined environments. The study quan- titatively revealed the spatial morphology and correlation of the regional eco-environment based on the analysis of these TuPu models. From these models, we can draw the conclusion that there is a regular differentiation of eco-environment from the coastal bands to the central hills in Fildes Peninsula, and that the eco-environment condition of the eastern coasts is different from that of the western coasts. The eco-environmental spatial variation also differs greatly from north to south. Based on analysis of spatial correlation, the vegetation in Fildes Peninsula has the greatest correlation with human activity, and has a certain correlation with topography and soil. This research may provide a new technical approach and scientific basis for the in-depth study of Antarctic eco-environments.

耦合InVEST-PLUS模型的榆林市生境质量时空演变及预测分析

生境质量是衡量一个地区生态环境优劣的重要参考指标,土地利用变化研究可为区域生境质量时空动态演变特征评估提供科学依据。基于1980年、2000年、2018年土地利用数据,通过InVEST模型、PLUS模型、地理信息图谱法分析并预测榆林市土地利用变化情况,以此探究陕西省榆林市生境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:(1)榆林市景观基质主要由草地和耕地构成,林地和未利用地次之,水域和建设用地占比相对较少,退耕还林政策的实施、治沙工程的开展,以及建设用地的开发是土地利用变化的主要驱动因素。(2)从区域整体分析,1980年、2000年、2018年、2030年生境质量平均值分别为0.5028,0.5209,0.5183,0.5259,生境值总体变化不大,呈现先增后降再增的波动变化趋势。从空间格局分析,榆林市生境质量分布具有一定的规律性,整体呈现东高西低的格局。生境退化平均值分别为0.0298,0.0289,0.0292,0.0283,具有生境退化的威胁。研究结果对榆林市自然环境的保护和生境质量的提高具有理论支持和政策意义。

基于GIS的时空复合体-土地利用变化图谱模型研究方法

本文以地学信息图谱理论、地球空间信息认知理论、地球系统科学与地理综合体理论、地理信息系统中的时空复合体模型为依据 ,提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化的基本单元 ,即“图谱单元”,它是记录时空复合信息的基本单元 ,由“相对均质”的地理单元和“相对均质”的时序单元复合而成 ,并提出了研究土地利用 /土地覆被变化图谱的概念模型。

黄河三角洲新生湿地土地利用变化图谱

在陈述彭先生提出的地学信息图谱理论和方法基础上,构建了土地利用图谱模型,在黄河三角洲新生湿地四期土地利用数据提取的基础上,合成了土地利用系列图谱,分别是1956～1984年,1984～1991年,1991～1996年三个时序。本文从黄河三角洲新生湿地土地利用强度变化、土地利用结构变化和土地利用格局变化三个方面进行了土地利用变化图谱分析,为地学信息图谱在土地利用变化研究中的应用提供了典型案例和实证。

生态环境综合信息图谱的初步研究——以福建省为例

生态环境综合信息图谱是在生态环境调查与动态监测基础上,利用生态环境基础与动态数据库的大量数字信息,经过图形思维与抽象概括,以计算机多维动态可视化技术,显示生态环境及其各要素空间形态结构与时空变化规律的一种方法与手段。本文对生态环境综合信息图谱进行了初步研究与探讨,对生态环境问题的重要性和生态环境综合信息图谱研究的意义、生态环境综合信息图谱要达到的目的与要求作了初步分析,重点阐述了生态环境综合信息图谱设计与建立的方法和步骤,包括:生态环境综合信息图谱指标体系的确定、类型的概括与提炼、界线的概括与生成、数据库的设计、计算机可视化系统的设计与实现、数学模型的建立等。

绥化市土地利用变化图谱分析

为了定量了解研究区土地利用类型转换关系及其变化强度与剧烈程度,基于地学信息图谱分析,运用ERDAS8.5和ARC/INFO9.2软件,以马尔柯夫空间概率模型为基础,结合土地利用动态度模型及土地利用综合动态度模型,利用绥化市31年(1980—2010年)土地利用格局4期的空间数据(1980年、1995年、2000年、2010年)合成一系列土地利用格局变化图谱,通过图谱分析来了解绥化市的土地利用格局变化规律。结果表明:耕地大幅度增加,其净增面积346.4km2,占研究区总面积超过13%,未利用地(滩地和沼泽地)面积急剧减少,净减少面积为440.9km2,沼泽地完全消失。草地面积略有增加,增加面积12.1km2,林地面积减少,减少面积为11.4km2。城市建设用地净增加面积为29.7km2。在过去的31年间,综合土地利用动态度急剧上升,土地利用格局发生剧烈变化,土地利用类型单一化明显,城市化进程加快,本研究区中部的滩地与沼泽地变化最为剧烈。

黄河三角洲东营市土地利用“涨势图谱”的时空特征分析

本文在分析黄河三角洲环境生态特征的基础上 ,以 4 0年 (1 95 6～ 1 996年 )来 4期土地利用数据合成的土地利用系列图谱及其“涨势”变化图谱为基础 ,研究不同行政单元上“涨势图谱”的时空分布变化规律 ,并分析了耕地、盐碱地以及居民工矿用地在“涨势图谱”