Spatial Database Management System of China Geological Survey Extent

The spatial database management system of China geological survey extent is a social service system. Its aim is to help the government and the whole social public to expediently use the spatial database, such as querying, indexing, mapping and product outputting. The management system has been developed based on MAPGIS6.x SDK and Visual C++, considering the spatial database contents and structure and the requirements of users. This paper introduces the software structure, the data flow chart and some key techniques of software development.

Spatial Database of Geological Survey Extent in 20th Century in China

During the whole 20th century in China, especially the latest 50 years, we have gotten much geological information about geological mapping, geophysics, geochemistry, mineral exploration, remote sensing, environmental geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and oceanic geology etc. by our geologists and explorers. All the information has been accumulated and can be used as a decision-making foundation for the future plan of geological survey. The spatial database of geological survey extents has been established by using computer technology. The database contained all kinds of exploration sections and collected about 160 000 records in this database. This paper introduces the data construction, contents and applying system of this database, and trys to let people know what kinds of geological survey were finished, when the exploration were carried out, and how and where you can get this information.

Construction of Subsurface Geological Structures Using a Drilling Database: A Case Study for an Intra-Arc Basin, the Osaka Plain, Southwest Japan

Subsurface geological cross sections of 0 - 200 m depth were constructed using a dense drilling database of the Osaka Plain in the intra-arc Osaka Basin of the Japan island arc, an active plate margin. The cross sections revealed the subsurface geological structures and the geometry of folding and faulting in the basin. The comparison between the constructed subsurface cross sections and the seismic sections of the basement and basin fills at a depth of 1500 - 2000 m showed that the basement and shallow subsurface structures are similar;however, the shallow cross sections were of higher resolution than the deep seismic profiles.

Geological Panorama Database:Digitizing and Visualizingthe Geological Outcrops

1 Introduction Geological outcrops or sections are the basis of geological research.However,the traditional methods for presenting them are mainly photos which fall short of delivering a true visual sense (Deng et al.,2009;Hou et al.,2014).With the continuous development of image acquisition technology using single-lens reflex camera (SLR camera),image synthesis,large file storage and acquisition,panoramic visualization and network technology.

基于Geodatabase建立数字地质图数据库的方法与实践

本文简要介绍了Geodatabase空间数据模型的特点及优势,列举了创建Geodatabase数据库通用的三种方法,并以1:5万却勒塔格幅地质图为例,重点探讨了用CASE工具建立基于Geodatabase数字地质图数据库的具体过程。研究表明,用这种方法建立地质图数据库可以将面向对象方法很好地应用于空间数据库的设计中,大大缩短了建库时间,提高了建库效率,并使商用关系型数据库的技术和优势得到充分发挥。

基于Geodatabase的矿区地质灾害数据库的设计

为了研究和治理矿山开采地区几种常见地质灾害,提高对地质灾害数据的掌握,文中在对矿区地质灾害数据进行收集和整理的基础上,通过对相关技术空间数据引擎、Geodatabase模型进行了简单的介绍,并重点叙述了矿区地质灾害信息管理系统中空间数据库和属性数据库的设计方法及过程,最后从两个数据库的连接等方面,对空间数据和属性数据进行汇总、加工、校验和入库,从而完成了数据库的建立。结果表明:该数据库一旦建立,可满足矿区地质灾害管理一体化的需要,可以为区域地质灾害易发性、危险性区划提供直接的数据支持,为地质灾害信息系统在防灾规划中的应用莫定基础,也为防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。

基于Geodatabase的滑坡地质灾害数据库设计

滑坡地质灾害数据库建设在减灾工作中占有重要地位。首先对思茅区滑坡地质灾害资料分析和整理,然后从数据库的概念设计、逻辑结构设计和数据库建设方面详细讨论了滑坡地质灾害数据库的设计。在概念设计阶段对滑坡属性表的基本E-R图进行设计;逻辑设计中对滑坡地质灾害信息编码,属性数据库逻辑结构和空间数据库的结构以及数据完整性设计进行详细讨论。论文最后在详细介绍了空间数据库存储方案的基础上讨论了空间数据库和属性数据库的建立方法。

Digital Geological Mapping of Sinus Iridum Area of the Moon Based on the Chang'E-I Data

Based on the CCD images,IIM data and DEM data of China＇s lunar exploration project （Chang＇E-Ⅰ） and related processed and analytic results,an integrated study of regional geology of Sinus Iridum and its adjacent area was conducted,and a series of relevant researches and analyses were carried out,including analysis of impact craters and their extrusive and accumulative materials,division of stratigraphic and tectonic units and classification of rock types,integrated analysis of chronology and lunar evolution history.In consideration of crater＇s shape features,quantity and preserving status of filling materials,the lunar impact craters can be divided into 7 types and 11 subtypes,and the accumulative materials of craters are divided into 6 types and 9 accumulative groups.According to the content and distribution of TiO2 and image characteristics,the basalts are divided into high-TiO2,medium-TiO2 and low-TiO2 basalts.Discussion was made on division of tectonic units and evolution features in the study area.The geological map of the Sinus Iridum Quadrangle （LQ-4） at a scale of 1∶2.5 M was preliminarily compiled with the ArcGIS system,and the spatial database of the map was established.Related technical specification,procedure and method for lunar geological mapping have been worked out,so as to lay a foundation for the forthcoming geological mapping of the global Moon in China by using the data of Chang＇E-Ⅱ and also for comprehensive study and geological mapping of other celestial bodies in the future.

A review of geoanalytical databases

Geoanalytical data provide fundamental information according to which the Earth's resources can be known and exploited to support human life and development.Large amounts of manpower and material and financial resources have been invested to acquire a wealth of geoanalytical data over the past 40 years.However,these data are usually managed by individual researchers and are preserved in an ad hoc manner without metadata that provide the necessary context for interpretation and data integration requirements.In this scenario,fewer data,except for published data,can be reutilized by geological researchers.Many geoanalytical databases have been constructed to collect existing data and to facilitate their use.These databases are useful tools for preserving,managing,and sharing data for geological research,and provide various data repositories to support geological studies.Since these databases are dispersed and diverse,it is difficult for researchers to make full use of them.This contribution provides an introduction on available geoanalytical databases.The database content can be made accessible to researchers,the ways in which this can be done,and the functionalities that can be used are illustrated in detail.Moreover,constraints that have limited the reutilization of geoanalytical data and creation of more advanced geoanalytical databases are discussed.

Development of Detailed Micro-Land Form Database and Its Application to Site Amplification Characteristics in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Structural characteristic of surface soil ground has great effect on the ground motion amplitude when earthquake happens. Recent studies in Japan on seismic zonings use a database that covers entire Japan with 1 km mesh size, which is useful for prefecture scale researches. However, it is hard, even with 500 m or 250 m mesh sizes to consider a city, a county or award as scale studies. Kanagawa Prefecture is highly urbanized and vulnerable to seismic disaster. The prefecture suffered a wide spread damage during the 1923 Kanto earthquake. In this paper, we deploy a very fine mesh 50 × 50 m mesh to develop a general seismic intensity map useful for micro scale disaster management for local governments and educational information for earthquake preparedness promotion. In this paper, first we prepared two detailed databases for 50 × 50 m mesh size over entire Kanagawa Prefecture. One was for geologic formations and the other the geomorphologic condition. Then these databases were used for preparation of high-resolution digital soil classification maps for 15 categories of micro landforms of prefecture. The later database was used for mapping the site amplification factors for 50 × 50 m mesh by applying the empirical relations for AVS30. We could create a GIS platform with sufficient accuracy to consider potential risk analysis.

A Model for Managing Geological and Geophysical Data in Eastern Sicily (Italy) and Possible Applications

The main aim of this work is to describe in detail how to develop an instrument, with the goal of collecting and managing a great deal of both geological and geophysical data acquired using different survey typologies in Eastern Sicily (Italy). The opportunity to manage different categories of data, at the same time, allows us to have a complete view of the complex area studied. This paper discusses a software package that has been designed to enhance the efficiency of applying a range of geological and geophysical data. More than 12000 records are archived: boreholes represent 81% of the data and 19% is geophysical data. In this paper it is illustrated how both kinds of data, thanks to the functionalities of the database and the possibility of connecting to a Geographical Information System (GIS), can be used in a variety of different geological studies. We present four studies where is relevant the use of the database, in detail, we show a morpho-structural study, an examination of the spectral analysis of the noise data, an update of the geological and geotechnical maps, and a classification of the areas on the basis of the distribution of the shear wave velocity in the firsts 30 meters (Vs30). They are just some examples of the potentialities of a relational database.

Copyright Protection Mode for Geological Information Sharing under the Environment for Network

Using copyright rules clear government of geological information property rights is the main path to realization of geological information socially sharing. For China＇s current laws have an institute basic principle of geological information protected by copyright law, we need to detailed thinking the copyright subject, write content, licensing and other aspects, combine the geological information sharing mechanism.

Geologic data collection and assessment techniques in coal mining for ground control

The identification and mitigation of adverse geologic conditions are critical to the safety and productivity of underground coal mining operations.To anticipate and mitigate adverse geologic conditions,a formal method to evaluate geotechnical factors must be established.Each mine is unique and has its own separate approach for defining what an adverse geological condition consists of.The collection of geologic data is a first critical step to creating a geological database to map these hazards efficiently and effectively.Many considerations must be taken into account,such as lithology of immediate roof and floor strata,seam height,gas and oil wells,faults,depressions in the mine floor(water)and increases in floor elevation(gas),overburden,streams and horizontal stress directions,amongst many other factors.Once geologic data is collected,it can be refined and integrated into a database that can be used to develop maps showing the trend,orientation,and extent of the adverse geological conditions.This information,delivered in a timely manner,allows mining personnel to be proactive in mine planning and support implementations,ultimately reducing the impacts of these features.This paper covers geologic exploratory methods,data organization,and the value of collecting and interpreting geologic information in coal mines to enhance safety and production.The implementation of the methods described above has been proven effective in predicting and mitigating adverse geologic conditions in underground coal mining.Consistent re-evaluation of data collection methods,geologic interpretations,mapping procedures,and communication techniques ensures continuous improvement in the accuracy of predictions and mitigation of adverse geologic conditions.Providing a concise record of the work previously done to track geologic conditions at a mine will allow for the smoothest transition during employee turnover and transitions.With refinements and standardization of data collection methods,such as those described in this paper,along with improvement in technology,the evaluation of adverse geologic conditions will evolve and continue to improve the safety and productivity of underground coal mining.

Modeling of the Bohai oilfield engineering geology demonstration information system based on digital seabed technology

In this paper, the framework and technologic process of engineering geology demonstration information system （EGDIS） of the Bohai oilfield are presented, and the key technologies for system modeling, such as storage and processing technology of multi-source and heterogeneous data, integrated display technology of multi-source information and multiple safeguard system design are studied. EGDIS of the Bohai oilfield is an integrated application system based on the data standardization and digital seabed database, has the function to realize the standardization/conformity, input/output, inquiry and display of the multi-source and heterogeneous data and graphics, and provides multiple comprehensive analysis and application services, which will provide shared and scientific basic data for the marine engineering construction and oilfield engineering safeguard.

中华人民共和国地质图(1∶150万)空间数据库建设方法

依托MapGIS平台,应用新技术和新方法,根据统一标准和要求编制了中华人民共和国地质图(1∶150万)和图形空间数据库。该图集成了近20多年来全国1∶5万和1∶25万区域地质调查、重点成矿区带1∶50万~1∶100万地质编图、部分省区地质志、基础地质科学研究等新成果和新资料,系统更新了全国区域地层系统、全国岩浆岩时空序列及变质岩分布与变质作用框架,建立并完善了区域地层格架,划分了全国大地构造单元,新确认一批区域性重要构造界面等。应用计算机辅助智能地质编图技术,华北、东北、华东、中南、西南、西北六大区同时编图,按省(区)分别进行地质单元、地理数据、数据结构无缝拼接,绘制“全国地质一张图”,形成库图一体成果。数据库数据量约1.65 GB,标示地质体78194个、火山口或火山喷发中心308个、重要化石点和化石群221个、金钉子12个、同位素年龄数据1197个、代表性钻孔(含大陆深钻)125个。该数据库填补了国家地质数据库体系空白,为地质大数据、“地质云”建设和服务提供了基础数据源,为自然资源规划管理、基础地质和资源环境背景研究、环境治理和灾害防治、国际合作等提供了重要的基础地质资料。

大数据找矿信息平台建设及其在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中的应用

充分利用信息化手段支撑地质工作是地学研究的前沿领域.随着新一轮找矿突破战略行动的逐步展开,大数据信息技术对于开展地质找矿工作、构建地质信息数据库有重要意义.本文探讨了大数据在地质找矿行动中的作用与优势,并总结归纳了数据平台建设研究方法.大数据找矿信息平台的建设将为进一步找矿工作提供科学依据.借助大数据、云计算等现代信息技术为新一轮找矿突破战略行动赋能,这为找矿工作数据库体系的智能化建设提供了全新的思路.

新疆馆藏地质资料知识图谱构建

为进一步提升新疆自然资源档案馆地质资料信息集成利用率,打破目前查借阅档案仅限于目录查找方式的现状,引入知识图谱对新疆馆藏地质资料进行优化管理。以3108档馆藏地质资料为数据源,通过本体构建确定实体和关系;基于BIO序列标注对新疆馆藏地质资料数据进行人工标注;采用BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型完成知识抽取,并选用图数据库Neo4j存储新疆馆藏地质资料知识,完成新疆馆藏地质资料知识图谱的构建。实验结果表明,BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型的准确率为98.1777%、F1值为97.8921%,能准确识别出新疆馆藏地质资料中的地质实体。新疆馆藏地质资料知识图谱的构建为新疆自然资源档案馆的“数字档案馆”建设及新疆地质资料大数据社会化服务水平的提升奠定基础。

Identification and distribution of 13003 landslides in the northwest margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on human-computer interaction remote sensing interpretation

The periphery of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is renowned for its susceptibility to landslides.However,the northwestern margin of this region,characterised by limited human activities and challenging transportation,remains insufficiently explored concerning landslide occurrence and dispersion.With the planning and construction of the Xinjiang-Tibet Railway,a comprehensive investigation into disastrous landslides in this area is essential for effective disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies.By using the human-computer interaction interpretation approach,the authors established a landslide database encompassing 13003 landslides,collectively spanning an area of 3351.24 km^(2)(36°N-40°N,73°E-78°E).The database incorporates diverse topographical and environmental parameters,including regional elevation,slope angle,slope aspect,distance to faults,distance to roads,distance to rivers,annual precipitation,and stratum.The statistical characteristics of number and area of landslides,landslide number density(LND),and landslide area percentage(LAP)are analyzed.The authors found that a predominant concentration of landslide origins within high slope angle regions,with the highest incidence observed in intervals characterised by average slopes of 20°to 30°,maximum slope angle above 80°,along with orientations towards the north(N),northeast(NE),and southwest(SW).Additionally,elevations above 4.5 km,distance to rivers below 1 km,rainfall between 20-30 mm and 30-40 mm emerge as particularly susceptible to landslide development.The study area’s geological composition primarily comprises Mesozoic and Upper Paleozoic outcrops.Both fault and human engineering activities have different degrees of influence on landslide development.Furthermore,the significance of the landslide database,the relationship between landslide distribution and environmental factors,and the geometric and morphological characteristics of landslides are discussed.The landslide H/L ratios in the study area are mainly concentrated between 0.4 and 0.64.It means the landslides mobility in the region is relatively low,and the authors speculate that landslides in this region more possibly triggered by earthquakes or located in meizoseismal area.

海洋与海岸带数据库开发与数据可视化的集成与应用

针对大量的海洋与海岸带地质数据,烟台海岸带地质调查中心设计开发了海洋与海岸带数据库管理与可视化系统,文章对数据库系统的开发环境、功能模块进行了介绍。该系统的开发与使用实现了多源异构地质数据的“汇聚-处理-展示”一体化,对地质信息资源的使用价值和利用率的提高具有重要意义。

基于3DMine的矿体三维建模技术在某石墨矿勘查中的应用

【目的】常规的二维平面制图软件受制于技术特性无法满足三维地质建模需求,本研究以非洲坦桑尼亚境内某石墨矿勘查项目为研究对象,以地质工程师的专业解译为指导,基于3DMine软件进行矿体三维建模,验证三维地质建模技术在固体矿产资源勘查方面上的应用效果。【方法】首先,依据原始地质资料建立勘查工程数据库。其次,采用剖面法、实体法等建模方法,构建矿体实体三维模型,系统介绍了三维环境下的地质建模全流程和关键环节。【结果】实现了可视化条件下将地质解译转化为对复杂矿体的精准模拟与表达。【结论】应用实践表明,3DMine软件操作简便、算法先进、模型可靠,能够直观、高效、精确地将地质认知与判断进行三维几何图形数字化模拟。在地质勘查项目中应用三维地质建模技术,有助于充分挖掘勘查数据的利用价值,提升勘查工作的信息化水平。