AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the fir...AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endotheliumdependent relaxation(EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions(24 h at 4 ℃).To determine nitric oxide(NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃ and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37 ℃.Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pA kt, pA MPK, eN OS and MAPKs proteins level.RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered.Infreshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO.However, cold-stored arteries showed NOand COX-dependent relaxation.The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior.The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior.Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress.IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eN OS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels.Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.展开更多
To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.METHODSFatty liver grafts from male obese Z...To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.METHODSFatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTSProfiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.CONCLUSIONOur comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.展开更多
正When it comes to Cubism, one thinks of Picasso. But he was not the only founding father of Cubism. Georges Braque was the other equally important one. Georges Braque (1882-1963) was a French artist, one of the great...正When it comes to Cubism, one thinks of Picasso. But he was not the only founding father of Cubism. Georges Braque was the other equally important one. Georges Braque (1882-1963) was a French artist, one of the greatest in the 20th century. Perhaps for the Chinese, he is far less famous than Picasso, but his art style has a great influence on the successors.展开更多
In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported fr...In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported from Paris,France to Kunming,China,and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage.Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder,ten acupuncture needles,and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts.This article attempts to present the foundational information and historical significance of this collection of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments,consulting acupuncture professionals,measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments,and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the benefits of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation to serum-free institut georges lopez-1 (IGL-1) solution to protect fatty liver against cold ischemia reperfusion injury. METHO...AIM: To investigate the benefits of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation to serum-free institut georges lopez-1 (IGL-1) solution to protect fatty liver against cold ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: Steatotic livers were preserved for 24 h in IGL-1 solution supplemented with or without IGF-1 and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37℃. We examined the effects of IGF-1 on hepatic damage and function (transaminases, percentage of sulfobromophthalein clearance in bile and vascular resistance). We also studied other factors associated with the poor tolerance of fatty livers to cold ischemia reperfusion injury such as mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and mitogen-activated protein kinases.RESULTS: Steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 solutionsupplemented with IGF-1 showed lower transaminase levels, increased bile clearance and a reduction in vascular resistance when compared to those preserved in IGL-1solution alone. These benefits are mediated by activation of AKT and constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as well as the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress were also prevented.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 enrichment with IGF-1 increasedfatty liver graft preservation through AKT and eNOS activation, and prevented TNF-α release during normothermic reperfusion.展开更多
Without taking inducing factors into consideration, this paper adopts a quantitative analysis of the bottom factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, studies the relationship between the bottom factors and the devel...Without taking inducing factors into consideration, this paper adopts a quantitative analysis of the bottom factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, studies the relationship between the bottom factors and the development of landslides, and then zones the area according to risk levels. The bottom factors adopted in this paper include lithological characters（U1 ）, gradient（U2 ）, slope form （U3）, difference of helght（U4 ）, and slope orientation（U5 ）. In 4 650 km^2 of the studied area, the areas of the very high, high, medium and low hazard degree area respectively were 57. 94 km^2 , 2 305.15 km^2, 1 241.6 km^2, 1 045.31 km^2. The methodological steps are （1） inversion statistic analysis, （2） the analysis of contribution ratio and weighing, （3） getting results via fuzzy evaluation of risk levels.展开更多
Since Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the first series of successful liver transplants(LTs), important advances have been made in immunosuppression, operative techniques, and postoperative care. In 1988, Belzer's grou...Since Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the first series of successful liver transplants(LTs), important advances have been made in immunosuppression, operative techniques, and postoperative care. In 1988, Belzer's group reported the first successful LT using the University of Wisconsin preservation solution(UW).Since then, UW has replaced EuroCollins solution and allowed prolonged and safer preservation of liver, kidney, and pancreas allografts, thus contributing to the improvement of transplant outcomes. Although UW is still considered the standard of care in the United States and in several countries worldwide, a recent meta-analysis revealed similar LT outcomes among UW, Celsior solution, and the Institut Georges Lopez-1 preservation solution, which were slightly superior to those obtained with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution.Dynamic preservation has been recently developed, and liver allografts are preserved mainly through the following methods: hypothermic machine perfusion, normothermic machine perfusion, and subnormothermic machine perfusion. Their use has the potential advantage of improving clinical results in LT involving extended criteria donor allografts. Although associated with increased costs, techniques employing machine perfusion of liver allografts have been considered clinically feasible. This editorial focuses on recent advances and future perspectives in liver allograft preservation.展开更多
基金Supported by Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research,No.UR12ES11
文摘AIM: To compare Institut Georges Lopez(IGL-1) and Celsior preservation solutions for hepatic endothelium relaxation and liver cold ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: Two experimental models were used.In the first one, acetylcholine-induced endotheliumdependent relaxation(EDR) was measured in isolated ring preparations of rat hepatic arteries preserved or not in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions(24 h at 4 ℃).To determine nitric oxide(NO) and cyclooxygenase EDR, hepatic arteries were incubated with L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of endothelium nitric oxide synthase(e NOS), or with L-NAME plus indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.In the second experiment, rat livers were cold-stored in IGL-1 or Celsior solutions for 24 h at 4 ℃ and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37 ℃.Liver injury was assessed by transaminase measurements, liver function by bile production and bromosulfophthalein clearance, oxidative stress by malondialdehyde levels and catalase activity and alterations in cell signaling pathways by pA kt, pA MPK, eN OS and MAPKs proteins level.RESULTS: After cold storage for 24 h with either Celsior or IGL-1, EDR was only slightly altered.Infreshly isolated arteries, EDR was exclusively mediated by NO.However, cold-stored arteries showed NOand COX-dependent relaxation.The decrease in NO-dependent relaxation after cold storage was significantly more marked with Celsior.The second study indicated that IGL-1 solution obtained better liver preservation and protection against IRI than Celsior.Liver injury was reduced, function was improved and there was less oxidative stress.IGL-1 solution activated Akt and AMPK, which was concomitant with increased eN OS expression and nitrite/nitrate levels.Furthermore, MAPKs kinases were regulated in livers preserved with IGL-1 solution since reductions in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK protein levels were observed.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 solution preserved NO-dependent relaxation better than Celsior storage solution and enhanced liver graft preservation.
基金Supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)through the FIS project PI12/0056,co-funded by FEDER from Regional Development European Funds(European Union)
文摘To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.METHODSFatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTSProfiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.CONCLUSIONOur comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.
文摘正When it comes to Cubism, one thinks of Picasso. But he was not the only founding father of Cubism. Georges Braque was the other equally important one. Georges Braque (1882-1963) was a French artist, one of the greatest in the 20th century. Perhaps for the Chinese, he is far less famous than Picasso, but his art style has a great influence on the successors.
基金financed by the grants from Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(No.2022Y377)Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education(No.20YJCZH246)National Social Science Fund Project(No.16BXW055)。
文摘In the early 20th century,French vice-consul George Souliéde Morant encountered acupuncture during his visit to China,and then brought it back to France.After more than a century,his collection was transported from Paris,France to Kunming,China,and later recognized as a Chinese national third-class precious cultural heritage.Currently housed in the Museum of Western Studies on Chinese Medicine at Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,this set of instruments includes one needle holder converted from a fan-shaped holder,ten acupuncture needles,and eleven paper tags handwritten in English with names of diseases and body parts.This article attempts to present the foundational information and historical significance of this collection of this set of late Qing dynasty acupuncture instruments by reviewing the collection and related research on acupuncture instruments,consulting acupuncture professionals,measuring the detailed information of the set of instruments,and employing a method of translating and summarizing the content of the attached tags.
基金Supported by The Ministry of Health and Consumption(PI081988),CIBER-ehd,Carlos Ⅲ Institute,Madrid,SpainMinistry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation(A/020255/08and A/02987/09)Mohamed Amine Zaouali is fellowship-holder from the Catalan Society of Transplantation
文摘AIM: To investigate the benefits of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation to serum-free institut georges lopez-1 (IGL-1) solution to protect fatty liver against cold ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: Steatotic livers were preserved for 24 h in IGL-1 solution supplemented with or without IGF-1 and then perfused "ex vivo " for 2 h at 37℃. We examined the effects of IGF-1 on hepatic damage and function (transaminases, percentage of sulfobromophthalein clearance in bile and vascular resistance). We also studied other factors associated with the poor tolerance of fatty livers to cold ischemia reperfusion injury such as mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and mitogen-activated protein kinases.RESULTS: Steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 solutionsupplemented with IGF-1 showed lower transaminase levels, increased bile clearance and a reduction in vascular resistance when compared to those preserved in IGL-1solution alone. These benefits are mediated by activation of AKT and constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), as well as the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress were also prevented.CONCLUSION: IGL-1 enrichment with IGF-1 increasedfatty liver graft preservation through AKT and eNOS activation, and prevented TNF-α release during normothermic reperfusion.
文摘Without taking inducing factors into consideration, this paper adopts a quantitative analysis of the bottom factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, studies the relationship between the bottom factors and the development of landslides, and then zones the area according to risk levels. The bottom factors adopted in this paper include lithological characters（U1 ）, gradient（U2 ）, slope form （U3）, difference of helght（U4 ）, and slope orientation（U5 ）. In 4 650 km^2 of the studied area, the areas of the very high, high, medium and low hazard degree area respectively were 57. 94 km^2 , 2 305.15 km^2, 1 241.6 km^2, 1 045.31 km^2. The methodological steps are （1） inversion statistic analysis, （2） the analysis of contribution ratio and weighing, （3） getting results via fuzzy evaluation of risk levels.
文摘Since Dr. Thomas Starzl performed the first series of successful liver transplants(LTs), important advances have been made in immunosuppression, operative techniques, and postoperative care. In 1988, Belzer's group reported the first successful LT using the University of Wisconsin preservation solution(UW).Since then, UW has replaced EuroCollins solution and allowed prolonged and safer preservation of liver, kidney, and pancreas allografts, thus contributing to the improvement of transplant outcomes. Although UW is still considered the standard of care in the United States and in several countries worldwide, a recent meta-analysis revealed similar LT outcomes among UW, Celsior solution, and the Institut Georges Lopez-1 preservation solution, which were slightly superior to those obtained with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate preservation solution.Dynamic preservation has been recently developed, and liver allografts are preserved mainly through the following methods: hypothermic machine perfusion, normothermic machine perfusion, and subnormothermic machine perfusion. Their use has the potential advantage of improving clinical results in LT involving extended criteria donor allografts. Although associated with increased costs, techniques employing machine perfusion of liver allografts have been considered clinically feasible. This editorial focuses on recent advances and future perspectives in liver allograft preservation.
