Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated transverse myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection:A case report

BACKGROUND Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-related disease have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection or its vaccination before disease onset.Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection has been considered to be a trigger of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a 20-year male with MOG-associated transverse myelitis after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.The patient received a near-complete recovery after standard immunological treatments.CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the evaluation of typical or atypical neurological symptoms that may be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The role of glycoproteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma pathogenesis

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant tumor arising from the nasopharyngeal epithelium.It consists of undifferentiated squamous cells in the nasopharynx.This type of epithelial cell neoplasm is globally distributed,with the highest prevalence observed in certain regions of the world.It has been known since ancient times.The incidence of NPC is steadily decreasing as data on the molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of NPC accumulate.Glycoproteins are characterized by polymers of saccharides attached to the amino acid sequences of proteins during the process of glycosylation.They are present in all animal cells and are especially abundant on the surface of tumor cells.Alterations in expression of cellular glycoproteins have recently attracted attention as a key component of neoplastic progression.Tumor-associated glycoproteins may serve as a hallmark of cancer cells and thus represent novel diagnostic and even therapeutic targets.Interest in the role of glycoproteins in cancer in general and specifically in NPC pathology has steadily increased over the past fifty years,reaching over thousands and two hundred publications in the last five years,respectively.Here,data on a specific class of proteins,glycoproteins,involved in tumorigenesis of NPCs are summarized,with a focus on a few of the best-studied ones.Relevant studies performed mainly in the last five years were retrieved and collected through the PubMed system.

Fragmentation stability and retention time-shift obtained by LC-MS/MS to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in therapeutic glycoproteins

Sialylated N-glycan isomers withα2-3 orα2-6 linkage(s)have distinctive roles in glycoproteins,but are difficult to distinguish.Wild-type(WT)and glycoengineered(mutant)therapeutic glycoproteins,cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-immunoglobulin(CTLA4-Ig),were produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines;however,their linkage isomers have not been reported.In this study,N-glycans of CTLA4-Igs were released,labeled with procainamide,and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)to identify and quantify sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers.The linkage isomers were distinguished by comparison of 1)intensity of the N-acetylglucosamine ion to the sialic acid ion(Ln/Nn)using different fragmentation stability in MS/MS spectra and 2)retention time-shift for a selective m/z value in the extracted ion chromatogram.Each isomer was distinctively identified,and each quantity(>0.1%)was obtained relative to the total N-glycans(100%)for all observed ionization states.Twenty sialylated N-glycan isomers with onlyα2-3 linkage(s)in WT were identified,and each isomer's sum of quantities was 50.4%.Furthermore,39 sialylated N-glycan isomers(58.8%)in mono-(3 N-glycans;0.9%),bi-(18;48.3%),tri-(14;8.9%),and tetra-(4;0.7%)antennary structures of mutant were obtained,which comprised mono-(15 N-glycans;25.4%),di-(15;28.4%),tri-(8;4.8%),and tetra-(1;0.2%)sialylation,respectively,with onlyα2-3(10 N-glycans;4.8%),bothα2-3 andα2-6(14;18.4%),and onlyα2-6(15;35.6%)linkage(s).These results are consistent with those forα2-3 neuraminidase-treated N-glycans.This study generated a novel plot of Ln/Nn versus retention time to distinguish sialylated N-glycan linkage isomers in glycoprotein.

Appropriate leucine-richα-2 glycoprotein cut-off value for Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that serum leucine-richα-2 glycoprotein(LRG)could be a novel monitoring biomarker for the assessment of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.In particular,the relationship between LRG levels and the endoscopically assessed activity of ulcerative colitis(UC)has become a matter of interest.AIM To clarify appropriate LRG cut-off values for the prediction of endoscopic and histologic remission in Japanese patients with UC.METHODS This was a cross-sectional,single-center,observational study of Japanese patients with UC.Among 213 patients with UC,in whom LRG was measured from September 2020 to February 2022,we recruited 30 patients for whom a total colonoscopy and measurements of LRG and C-reactive protein(CRP)were performed on the same day.We retrospectively analyzed correlations between the LRG and CRP levels and endoscopic indices,including the Mayo endoscopic subscore and UC endoscopic index of severity.RESULTS Correlations between the LRG values and the Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity were significant(r=0.754,P<0.0001;r=0.778,P<0.0001,respectively).There were also significant correlations between CRP levels and Mayo endoscopic subscore or UC endoscopic index of severity(r=0.599,P=0.0005;r=0.563,P=0.0012,respectively),although the correlation coefficients were higher for LRG.The LRG cutoff value for predicting endoscopic remission was 13.4μg/mL for a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0[area under the curve(AUC):0.871;95%confidence interval(CI):0.744-0.998],and 13.4μg/mL for an UC endoscopic index of severity of 0 or 1(AUC:0.904;95%CI:0.792-1.000).CONCLUSION LRG may be a surrogate marker for endoscopic activity in UC,with a cut-off value of around 13.4μg/mL for endoscopically inactive disease.

Effect of Cyclooxygenase Inhibition on P-Glycoprotein Expression and Phenytoin Level in Brain Tissue of Pilocarpine Induced Epilepsy in Rats

Background: Increased brain P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression may play important role in resistance to antiseizure drugs. The present work aimed to overcome the drug resistance that develop due to overexpression of P-gp with subsequent increase in brain phenytoin level in epileptic rats, using either non-selective (indomethacin) or selective (celecoxib) cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Methods: Fifty-six adult male albino rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Epilepsy was induced using the lithium pilocarpine model. Rats received indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg) or celecoxib (20 mg/kg), either alone or combined with phenytoin (50 mg/kg). Seizures were evaluated using Racine score. Motor coordination was assessed using open field and rotarod tests. Phenytoin brain level was measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), glutamate expression was measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (ABCB1) gene expression was assessed using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemical analysis was done for P-gp expression. Results: Phenytoin combination with either indomethacin or celecoxib had improved the Racine score, motor coordination on rotarod apparatus, and open field test results. Also, phenytoin combination with either indomethacin or celecoxib decreased brain glutamate level, ABCB1 gene and P-gp expression, and increased brain phenytoin level compared to treatment with phenytoin alone. This indicated that both P-gp inhibitors indomethacin and celecoxib, increased the level of phenytoin that reached the brain of rats. However, brain uptake of phenytoin was significantly enhanced using celecoxib rather than indomethacin (CI 95%, 17.092: 32.808, P-value Conclusion: Cyclooxygenase inhibition using either celecoxib or indomethacin resulted in downregulation of P-gp expression, with subsequent increase in brain phenytoin level in epileptic rats.

Study of the Effect of Zhuang Medicine Aponeurotic System Triple Therapy on Lumbar Disc Herniation and Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein Level

Objective:To analyze the application effect of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and its effect on the level of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein(alpha-1 AGP).Methods:200 patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,100 cases in each group.The control group was given conventional acupuncture,and the treatment group was treated with manipulation+fire needling+cupping.The alpha-1-AGP levels before and after treatment,as well as the lumbar spine function and pain scores before and after treatment,and the adverse reactions occurred during treatment between the two groups were compared.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in alpha-1 AGP levels,lumbar function,and pain scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the lumbar function scores of the two groups were significantly increased,with the treatment group having higher scores than the control group(P<0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in the treatment group was 2.00%,which was much lower than the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Appropriate application of Zhuang medicine aponeurotic system triple therapy in the clinical treatment of lumbar disc herniation can promote the improvement of alpha-1 AGP index level,reduce the pain degree of patients,and improve their lumbar spine function.At the same time,Zhuang medicine also has significant advantages in terms of safety,while ensuring the efficacy and safety of the treatment.

局灶性脑缺血大鼠脑内mdr1／P-glycoprotein表达的变化

目的观察大鼠局灶性脑缺血损害后脑内mdr1／P—glycoprotein的表达变化。方法大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞法(MCAO法)制作局灶性脑缺血模型,脑切片免疫组织化学染色检测mdr-1／P—glycoprotein在脑内的表达部位及表达时程的变化。结果 mdr-1／P—glycoprootein在缺血侧皮层和纹状体的血管内皮细胞表达增多,并出现在同侧损伤部位的神经元,其在损伤后2h开始出现,6h达到高峰,之后开始下降,到24h不能被检测到。结论大脑中动脉阻塞后可以诱导缺血损伤侧的血管内皮细胞P—glycoprotein过量表达,而同侧的神经元短暂表达P-glyco- protein．

核偏最小二乘法及其在P-glycoprotein抑制剂设计中应用

介绍了一个新的基于优化推导出的核偏最小二乘(kernel partial least squares,K-PLS)的算法原理和实现步骤,并且给出了利用K-PLS法构建P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)黄酮类抑制剂的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型.利用该方法结合几个简单的分子拓扑参数,构建了具有高准确率的预测模型.该模型将有助于P-gp黄酮类抑制剂的虚拟筛选和理性设计.结果证明K-PLS是一个十分稳定可靠的方法,将会在化学计量学领域得到较好的应用和推广.

P-glycoprotein的新功能在肿瘤研究中的进展

肿瘤多药耐药性(multiple drug resistance,MDR)的发生往往伴随着多药耐药基因如MDR1、MRP1和BCRP等高表达,其中MDR1基因编码的P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)是目前公认可以诱发癌细胞发生MDR的重要分子。传统研究认为P-gp主要是作为一个药物泵将化疗药物从细胞内排出从而导致MDR。然而系列研究发现,除了介导MDR以外,P-gp还能够调节癌细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭等其他生物学行为;而且研究表明P-gp的这些作用可以依赖,也可以不依赖于其药物泵的功能。这些结果表明P-gp能够通过一些新的机制促进肿瘤的进展。本文主要针对P-gp在促进肿瘤进展中的作用进行综述。

Inhibition of neurite outgrowth using commercial myelin associated glycoprotein-Fc in neuro-2a cells

Myelin-associated glycoprotein（MAG） inhibits the growth of neurites from nerve cells. Extraction and purification of MAG require complex operations; therefore, we attempted to determine whether commercially available MAG-Fc can replace endogenous MAG for research purposes. Immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against MAG, Nogo receptor（NgR） and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B（PirB） was used to determine whether MAG-Fc can be endocytosed by neuro-2a cells. In addition, neurite outgrowth of neuro-2a cells treated with different doses of MAG-Fc was evaluated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure RhoA activity. Western blot assays were conducted to assess Rho-associated protein kinase（ROCK） phosphorylation. Neuro-2a cells expressed NgR and PirB, and MAG-Fc could be endocytosed by binding to NgR and PirB. This activated intracellular signaling pathways to increase RhoA activity and ROCK phosphorylation, ultimately inhibiting neurite outgrowth. These findings not only verify that MAG-Fc can inhibit the growth of neural neurites by activating RhoA signaling pathways, similarly to endogenous MAG, but also clearly demonstrate that commercial MAG-Fc is suitable for experimental studies of neurite outgrowth.

ILTV Glycoprotein B(gB)与鸡Interleukin-18(IL-18)真核双表达载体的构建及表达

将ILTVgB基因和鸡IL-18基因插入到真核双表达载体pIRES中,构建共表达gB和IL-18基因的重组质粒pIRES-gB/IL18和表达gB基因的pIRES-gB质粒。通过脂质体将其转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用RT-PCR及间接免疫荧光检测重组质粒在体外的表达。将重组质粒通过腿部肌肉多点注射免疫21日龄雏鸡,应用ELISA和流式细胞仪分别检测免疫鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。结果显示,pIRES-gB/IL18和pIRES-gB转染细胞中分别含gB/IL-18基因的mRNA和gB基因的mRNA。间接免疫荧光检测表明,pIRES-gB/IL18和pIRES-gB在CEF细胞中有效地转录并表达gB蛋白。pIRES-gB/IL18和pIRES-gB免疫雏鸡后均能促进外周血T淋巴细胞亚群数量和血清中特异性抗体水平的增加,但前者的免疫效果明显优于后者,表明gB基因和鸡IL-18基因均获得了表达,且鸡IL-18能明显增强ILTV DNA疫苗诱发的免疫应答。

Characterization of an Estrus-Associated Glycoprotein in Oviductal Fluid of Sheep

Estrus-associated glycoprotein (EGP) is a special protein in oviductal fluid which appears before ovulation and fertilization and disappears after the embryo passes into the uterus. One-and two dimensional SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with monoclonal antibody or peanut agglutinin were used to characterize the glycoprotein,The specificity of the marking agents enabled the study to proceed without purification. EGP was found to include two proteins: one is acidic with a pH of 4.5 while the other is basic with a pH of 8.0 The molecular weights of their subunits are the same, that is 110 kD. This study may shed light on the mechanism of reproductive Process and be helpful to the development of a more cffective culture medium for in vitro culture of early embryo.

Acrosome reaction： relevance of zona pellucida glycoproteins

During mammalian fertilisation, the zona pellucida （ZP） matrix surrounding the oocyte is responsible for the binding of the spermatozoa to the oocyte and induction of the acrosome reaction （AR） in the ZP-bound spermatozoon. The AR is crucial for the penetration of the ZP matrix by spermatozoa. The ZP matrix in mice is composed of three glycoproteins designated ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3, whereas in humans, it is composed of four （ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4）. ZP3 acts as the putative primary sperm receptor and is responsible for AR induction in mice, whereas in humans （in addition to ZP3）, ZP1 and ZP4 also induce the AR. The ability of ZP3 to induce the AR resides in its C-terminal fragment. O-linked glycans are critical for the murine ZP3-mediated AR. However, N-linked glycans of human ZP1, ZP3 and ZP4 have important roles in the induction of the AR. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors showed that the ZP3-induced AR involves the activation of the Gi-coupled receptor pathway, whereas ZP1- and ZP4-mediated ARs are independent of this pathway. The ZP3-induced AR involves the activation of T-type voltage-operated calcium channels （VOCCs）, whereas ZP1- and ZP4-induced ARs involve both T- and L-type VOCCs. To conclude, in mice, ZP3 is primarily responsible for the binding of capacitated spermatozoa to the ZP matrix and induction of the AR, whereas in humans （in addition to ZP3）, ZP1 and ZP4 also participate in these stages of fertilisation.

Differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein ZP3 cDNAs between gynogenetic and gonochoristic cruciancarp

Gynogenetic silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model system. In the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. Five differential cDNA fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are ZP3 homologues. Moreover, the full length ZP3 cDNAs were cloned from their oocyte cDNA libraries. The length of ZP3 cDNAs were 1378 bp for gyno-carp and 1367 bp for gono-carp, and they can be translated into proteins with 435 amino acids. Obvious differences are not only in the composition of amino acids, but also in the number of potential O-linked oligosaccharide sites. In addition, gyno-carp ZP3 amino acid sequence has an unexpected higher identity value with common carp (83.5%) than that with the closely related gono-carp (74.7%). The unique homology may be originated from the ancient hybridization. Northern blot analysis confirmed that expression of the ZP3 gene occurred exclusively in the oocytes. Because O-linked oligosaccharides on ZP3 have been demonstrated to play very important roles in fertilization, it is suggested that the extra O-linked glycosylation sites may be related to the unique sperm-egg recognition mechanism in gynogenesis.

Identification and Purification of an Allergic Glycoprotein from Ginkgo biloba Kernel

Glycoprotein from Ginkgo biloba kernel may be allergic. In this paper, the allergic proteins were identified with Western blotting, and the 32 kDa glycoprotein was purified with ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. With Western blotting, there were 3 allergic proteins with molecular weight 21, 32, and 36 kDa. With SDS-PAGE analysis and measurements of the protein and sugar contents, the isolation and purification technology of 32 kDa was confirmed. Ginkgo crude protein extract was precipitated with ammonium sulphate （saturation gradient： 40-80%）. The precipitate was purified by chromatography with DEAE-cellulose 52, then chromatography with Sephadex G-200 and the target glycoprotein was finally obtained. The analysis results showed the molecule of the glycoprotein was 32.12 kDa and the ratio of protein to sugar was 20.56：1. In conclusion, the purification method could be used in preparation of the glycoprotein, and the study could provide a basis for the further research of the glycoprotein.

Cloning and Sequence of Glycoprotein H Gene of Duck Plague Virus

The glycoprotein H （gH） gene homologue of duck plague virus （DPV） was cloned by degenerate polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and sequenced. It was located immediately downstream from the thymidine kinase gene （TK）. In addition, the 3＇-end of the gene homologue to herpesvirus UL21 was located downstream from the gH gene. DPV gH gene open reading frame （ORF） was 2 505 bp in length and its primary translation product was a polypeptide of 834 amino acids long. It possessed several characteristics of membrane glycoproteins, including an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, an external domain containing eight putative N-linked glycosylation sites, a C-terminal transmembrane domain, and a charged cytoplasmic tail. Comparison with other herpesvirus revealed identities of 20.2, 25.1, 23.0, 23.0, 26.5 and 26.0% with the gH counterparts of the human herpesvirus virus 1 （HSV1）, equine herpesvirus 4 （EHV4）, bovine herpesvirus 1 （BHV1）, pseudorabies virus （PRV）, gallid herpesvirus 2 （GHV2） and gallid herpesvirus 3 （GHV3）, respectively.

Glycoprotein biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cancer(Pa C) shows a clear tendency to increase in the next years and therefore represents an important health and social challenge. Currently, there is an important need to find biomarkers for PaC early detection because the existing ones are not useful for that purpose. Recent studies have indicated that there is a large window of time for PaC early detection, which opens the possibility to find early biomarkers that could greatly improve the dismal prognosis of this tumor. The present manuscript reviews the state of the art of the existing PaC biomarkers. It focuses on the anomalous glycosylation process and its role in PaC. Glycan structures of glycoconjugates such as glycoproteins are modified in tumors and these modifications can be detected in biological fluids of the cancer patients. Several studies have found serum glycoproteins with altered glycan chains in PaC patients, but they have not shown enough specificity for PaC. To find more specific cancer glycoproteins we propose to analyze the glycan moieties of a battery of glycoproteins that have been reported to increase in PaC tissues and that can also be found in serum. The combination of these new candidate glycoproteins with their aberrant glycosylation together with the existing biomarkers could result in a panel, which would expect to give better results as a new tool for early diagnosis of PaC and to monitor the disease.

海胆胚胎不同发育期P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein)药物外排功能的研究

通过研究添加维拉帕米(Verapamil,VER)后,灭蝇胺(Cyromazine)和杀虫丹(Ethiofencarb)对海胆胚胎致死中浓度(LC50)的变化,探讨了不同发育期海胆胚胎P-糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)的功能.结果表明:灭蝇胺和杀虫丹对海胆胚胎的平均LC50分别为2.50mg·L-1和3.50mg·L-1,在加入0.75μmol·L-1P-gp抑制剂VER后,其LC50平均降低40%～42%,说明海胆胚胎P-gp具有药物外排作用.药物浓度可影响P-gp功能,随药物浓度的升高,P-gp外排功能逐渐减弱,甚至达到饱和.实验同时通过分子模拟方法研究了灭蝇胺和杀虫丹的分子结构特征,实验和理论结果均证实了这两种药物分子为海胆胚胎P-gp的底物.

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 deficiency prevents development of acute pancreatitis by attenuating leukocyte infiltration

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP) is rapid-onset pancreatic inflammation that causes local and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) with high morbidity and mortality, but no approved therapies are currently available. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1(PSGL-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein to initiate inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that PSGL-1 may be involved in the development of AP and would be a new target for the treatment of AP.AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of PSGL-1 in the development of AP.METHODS The PSGL-1 expression on leukocytes was detected in peripheral blood of AP patients and volunteers. Pancreatic injury, inflammatory cytokines expression, and inflammatory cell infiltration was measured in AP mouse models induced with PSGL-1 knockout(PSGL-1-/-) and wild-type(PSGL-1+/+) mice. Leukocyteendothelial cell adhesion was measured in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC)-endothelial cell coculture system.RESULTS The expression of PSGL-1 on monocytes and neutrophils was significantly increased in AP patients. Compared with PSGL-1+/+ mice, PSGL-1-/-AP mice induced by caerulein exhibited lower serum amylase, less Interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta) and Interleukin-6(IL-6) expression, less neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and reduced peripheral neutrophil and monocyte accounts. PSGL-1 deficiency alleviated leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via IL-6 but not IL-1 beta.CONCLUSION PSGL-1 deficiency effectively inhibits the development of AP by preventing leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via IL-6 stimulation and may become a potential therapeutic target for treating AP.

Role of duck plague virus glycoprotein C in viral adsorption:Absence of specific interactions with cell surface heparan sulfate

Many mammalian herpes viruses utilize heparan sulfate （HS） moieties present on cell surface proteoglycans as receptors for cell entry, and this process also requires viral glycoprotein C （gC） homologues. However, our understanding of the role of gC in facilitating attachment of other alpha-herpes viruses such as the duck plague virus （DPV） remains preliminary. To study the role of gC during DPV infection, we used a gC-deleted mutant virus （DPV-AgC-EGFP）. Examination of the viral copy number by real-time PCR, as well as time course studies of viral adsorption and proliferation revealed that gC was involved in the viral binding to the cell surface. The affinity of viral glycoproteins （gB-DPV, gC-DPV, and gE-DPV） to HS was assessed using a prokaryotic expression system and HJTrapTM HeparJn HP column chromatography. In addition, to confirm that gC played a role in the interaction between DPV and HS, viruses were treated with the HS analogue heparin and host cells were treated with its inhibitors heparinase prior to exposure to DPV-△gC-EGFP or wild-type strain Chinese virulent duck plague virus （DPV-CHv）. The effects of heparin and heparinase on virus infectivity demonstrated that function of gC on Viral adsorption is independent of interactions between gC and heparin sulfate on cell surface. All in all, this study demonstrated that the gC of DPV can mediate viral adsorption in an HS-independent manner, which distinguish it from the gC of some other alpha-herpes viruses. Future studies will be required to identify the receptors involved in gC protein binding to cells. This work provides us a foundation for further studies of examining the roles of gC in the adsorption during duck plague virus infection.