Looking for a Chinese solution to global problems:The situation and countermeasures of marine plastic waste and microplastics pollution governance system in China

As one of the top ten environmental problems to be solved in the world,marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution seriously affect the health of marine ecosystems and the sustainable development of Marine economies.It is necessary to promote the establishment of a scientific and systematic Marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system and take strong measures to fundamentally curb and reverse the trend of marine pollution intensification in China.This paper first explains the practical significance of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control from three aspects:the sustainable development of the blue economy,the structural upgrading of the pan-plastic industry,and the improvement of public health awareness.Secondly,the particularity of marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system is summarized from three aspects of formation mechanism,migration path and damage performance.Then,it identifies domestic and international governance strategies and action plans from the perspectives of mechanism,subject,object,and measures,summarizes existing problems in the existing marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,and gives directions for future improvement.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to accelerate the construction of China’s marine plastic waste and microplastic pollution control system,including the formation of a cross sectoral integrated land and sea control system,a full life cycle waste management process,a multi-participation model for marine ecological and environmental governance,and a global marine pollution prevention and control system.

Modernization of Governance System and Governance Capability of State-Owned Enterprises

State-owned enterprises are important pillars of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and the modernization of their governance system and governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.Through case study and specific practice,this paper carries out an in-depth thinking and serious analysis on how to promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity of state-owned enterprises under the new situation and requirements.This paper puts forward three kinds of management and control mechanism to enhance core competence in addition to the specific implementation path by using digital governance means.

Thoughts on the Modernization of Governance Systems of Ecological Environment under the Background of New Era

During recent years,the Party Central Committee and the State Council have attached great importance to the protection and governance of the ecological environment,put the construction of ecological civilization in a prominent position,and launched a series of strategic policies with strong foresight and guidance.Among them,the modernization of the governance system of ecological environment is regarded as the top priority of strengthening the ecological environment governance and the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the in-depth analysis of the connotation and background of the modernization of the ecological environment governance system,this paper analyzes the main problems and challenges faced by the current national ecological environment governance system,and puts forward the paths and measures to accelerate the modernization of the national ecological environment governance system,so as to provide a theoretical reference for the construction of national ecological civilization.

Proactively Participate in and Lead the Reform of the Global Governance System:An Important Practice for Chinese Diplomacy in the New Era

In the 21st century,increasingly significant or entirely new global issues have continued to emerge and accumulate.In response to the spread of global crises such as terrorism,nuclear proliferation,the refugee crisis,climate change,and the spread of disease,the existing global governance system“has lost the momentum for progress.”*1 Its effectiveness under the leadership of certain Western countries has begun to be questioned by many parties and has fallen into a dilemma marked by stagnation.The reform of the global governance system has become an inevitable requirement for international relations.With today?s unprecedented changes,not only are global financial,developmental,and ecological issues constantly erupting,but the sudden emergence of the new COVID-19 virus poses a serious threat to human health and safety.In this context,the world is obviously facing instability and uncertainty,and the reform o f the global governance system is at a historical turning point.The existing global governance mechanisms have been unable to adapt to the new complex and diverse situation,and the old global order is further disintegrating.China is actively promoting for the reform of the global governance system to build a community with a shared future for mankind that will lead the world into a new global governance structure.It is also an important practice of China's major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

The embedded financial governance system based on COSO framework A new method of integration

The global financial crisis is spreading at an alarming rate across the world. The speed of the spreading and its tremendous impacts to economic is unprecedented in half a century. Through researching its impacts to finance, the authors can clearly find that to a large extent most enterprises went bankrupt and closed down because of the weak financial governance system and lack of effective control to internal financial operation Based on this background, the authors analyzed the problems of the traditional financial governance, and tried to find solutions. Applying the concept of COSO （The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of The National Commission of Fraudulent Financial Reporting） framework into the financial governance system, the authors can reconstruct the embedded financial governance system based on COSO framework, and better control the company＇s financial activities. In this way, the enterprise can effectively improve its management level and operational efficiency, and promote its sound and sustainable development.

TRANSFORMATION OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AND ROLE PLAYED BY CHINA

After the outbreak of the International Financial Crisis in 2008, the world economic pattern entered a period of profound readjustment and changes in the global economic governance system sped up. In the past decade and more, reform and improvement on the global economic governance system have made remarkable results with concerted efforts of the international community but at the same time also faced a number of outstanding problems. Especially since 2018, uncertainty in international situation has increased.

Rebuilding and Integration of Rural Governance System Based on the Combination of Self-governance,Rule of Law and Rule of Virtue

The proposal that"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue should be completed"was put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.There are many challenges for the development and difficulties for the governance of rural social transformation in the new era,so"the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue"is realistically essential,having the objective inevitability and practical possibility.The fundamental and central role of the villagers'self-governance should be brought into full play to construct"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-govermance,rule of law and rule of virtue"under the guidance of the spirit of the 19th National Congress ofthe Communist Party of China,by taking the rule of law as the legal assurance and rule of virtue as the social affection support,managing to complete and optimize the rural governance system,realize the good and right governance in the rural society,boost the modernization construction process of the national governance ability,and realize the great objective of comprehensive rural vitalization of the"stability of the rural areas,development of the agriculture and happiness of the farmers".

Blockchain:A Technical Support for the Modernization of the National Governance System and Capacity

The modernization of national governance needs to be supported with modern technical tools to conform relations of production to productive forces and enable positive and orderly interaction between the two.Blockchain,as an emerging technology in the age of information,features distributed architecture,greater transparency,improved traceability and enhanced security.Blockchain’s consensus mechanism can be introduced into community governance mechanisms,which,by virtue of its marketoriented operation nature,helps define the respective functions of the government and market in the modernization of national governance.The application of blockchain technology to the national governance system enables stakeholders to seek consensus and the largest possible common interests to improve the national governance system and better achieve the governance goal,reduce governance costs,improve governance performance and meet the development needs of the times.Through a proper top-down design,China can effectively integrate blockchain technology into its national governance system and thereby efficiently advance the modernization of its national governance system and capacity.Still,due attention should be paid to blockchain’s possible technical risks and impact during the reform and modernization of national governance.

THE GLOBAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AT TURMOIL: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

After the end of the Cold War, the bipolar pattern collapsed and global governance was on the rise. Through more than two decades of development, most profound changes since the end of the Cold War have happened to the current global governance system, among which there are both worrying crisis and positive improvement.

Towards a Global Governance System That is More Just and Reasonable

Speech by Ji Bingxuan,Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC and Vice President of CAFIU at the Opening Ceremony of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Inter Action Council Distinguished guests,Ladies and gentlemen,friends:Good morning!

Preservation of Human Rights as the Basis and Objective of a Modern State Governance System

A good state governance system, which features democracy, scientific decision-making, efficiency, civility and rule of law, is indispensable for realizing the Chinese Dream. As both the foundation and the objective of a good governance system, human rights protection should be integrated in all the processes of building a modern governance system. Adherence to public law in administration should be guaranteed in this connection.

China's One Health governance system:the framework and its application

One Health is an interdisciplinary approach that promotes the resolution of complex health issues through collaboration across multiple disciplines. In addition to accountability, the One Health governance structure fosters shared understanding, trust, and an appreciation for diverse perspectives and requirements. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current integration of the One Health approach within China's existing health governance framework. It also proposes strategies for further improvement, with emphasis on the level of implementation and contributions to the advancement of One Health governance through an examination of current health policies.

Research on the national climate governance system toward carbon neutrality-A critical literature review

Global climate governance has entered the era of carbon neutrality,as a growing number of countries have set the goal of carbon neutrality for long-term emissions reduction toward the mid-21st century.In 2020,China also pledged itself to the goal of carbon neutrality,which creates an urgent demand for this country to establish a systematic and integrated national climate governance system.Against this background,this paper conducts a systematic literature review of climate governance systems from the perspectives of top-level design and the governance paradigm to bring insights into climate governance toward carbon neutrality.The results show that although there are interactions between decarbonization and other environmental,social and economic fields,research gaps still exist when enhancing climate governance toward carbon neutrality.For example,issues regarding incorporating climate factors into the overall economic and social layout,strengthening the capacity of data collection relevant to climate adaptation,integrating climate mitigation and adaption actions,as well as connecting domestic climate governance and international cooperation,need to be further addressed.In addition,within the national governance system,studies combining both regional and sectoral concerns and the intertemporal dynamic allocation mechanism need to be further addressed when China decomposes its national climate target.Moreover,the division of power between the central government and local government,as well as the communication scheme between government and non-state actors,also turns out to be important for effective governance.Based on this analysis,policy implications are further proposed for China’s formulation and implementation of long-term strategies of climate governance toward carbon neutrality.

The Evolution of China's Rural Governance System and Its Influences on Rural Spatial Planning

This paper reviews the development process of China's rural governance system, indicating that the current system of "township governance based on village autonomy" is facing a new situation such as the weakening governance capacity of grass-roots authorities and the emergence of new governing bodies. Aiming at promoting practical rural planning, the paper conducts research about the rural governance system, public goods supply, and rural planning reform. It divides the rural governance mechanisms on public goods supply into three categories: government, community and market. The paper then focuses on how to achieve a community-based supply of public goods via emerging "rural organizations," as well as on how to transform the public service center allocation and spatial planning philosophy and methods in rural planning accordingly.

The State Logic of Modernizing the Governance System

The governance system is the institutional carrier and mechanism guaranteeing the operation of the state.The Western governance dilemma and China’s governance practice show that state dominance is the intrinsic logic behind the modernization of the governance system.As a worldwide issue,the core question in the logic of state modernization of the governance system is to develop governance rules,procedures and orders that effectively respond to and resolve the problems of the state-society relationship.In other words,state logic is rooted in the historical process of the dynamic evolution of the building of the state-society relationship community,and looks toward practice in solving the issue of balanced national development.In advocating a modern governance system led by state logic,China does not simply wish to continue the master page of its history and culture,but to hold fast to being guided by the issues and focusing on the transformation of the principal contradictions of Chinese society to bring about good governance that is oriented toward the people,in order to systematically respond to the major adjustments in national governance variables brought about by IT development and globalization.In the current context in which governance solutions dominated by the logic of capital have difficulty coping with global problems of development,adhering to the logic of the state in modernizing the governance system not only helps us break away from “polycentric governance” and correctly ensures that the state plays an authoritative and leading role in the governance system while also providing an institutional framework and mechanism that achieves social justice,improves market efficiency and fosters social autonomy,thus forging a new type of civilization for national and global governance on a global scale.

China and the Reform of International Trade Governance System

The 21st century has carried the international trade governance system into a period of accelerated reshaping.The reform has been fueled by many factors including the requirement of the in-depth development of global value chains for cross-border institutional coordination,the requirement of the form of digital economy for new digital rules,and the requirement of the dominant countries under the traditional international trade governance system for the maintenance of their own interests.The reform of international trade governance system has driven China to adjust itself to external pressures while creating opportunities for the country to deepen the reform and join international trade governance.China as a beneficiary and firm supporter of economic globalization has rapidly grown from a marginal participator in economic globalization into a builder and contributor of the governance of the international trading system.It plays an active part in the reform of international trading system and the construction of a community of shared future for mankind by means of the making of rules,the reshaping of rules,the adjustment of rules,and the adaptation to rules.In addition,the critical measures for China to cope with the changes of globalization also consist in its deepened domestic reform,proactive opening-up,facilitated alignment with domestic and international rules,and an institutional environment suitable for the new situation of a"dual circulation"development pattern.

A Preliminary Study on Urban Governance System:Based on the Urban Management Model of S District,Beijing

While cities witness the dramatic changes in external morphology amid rapid urban transition,their internal governance structure should be adjusted accordingly.Based on investigations,this study summarizes the urban management model of the S District of Beijing characterized by"integration"and a"downward shift."It finds that,in practice,there are often such problems as having a defective organization,single participant,imperfect institution and mechanism,weak comprehensive law enforcing,and backward urban management informatization.To solve these problems,it is urgent to transform the old urban administration framework to a new urban governance system.Based on the theory of governance,this paper develops a theoretical framework of an urban governance system that consists of the four layers of goal,idea,driving force,and task,in order to guide the modernization of urban governance.

Alternative Systems of Corporate Governance in Modern Enterprises in Different Countries

Corporate governance deals with the agency problem because of the separation of management and finance in modern enterprises. The paper discusses two typical systems in developed countries market-based system and banking-based system. Four decisive elements for the formation and changing of corporate governance are found on the basis of analysis .above. The author believes there is no absolute uniform of so called ＂good＂ co.rporate governance. It depends much on the specific environment of different countries and companies.

Research on the Realization Path and Application of a Data Governance System Based on Data Architecture

The construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government are facing some common basic problems.Among them,the construction of the data governance system and the improvement of data governance capacity are short boards and weak links,which have seriously restricted the construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government.At present,the broad concept of data governance goes beyond the scope of traditional data governance,which“involves at least four aspects:the establishment of data asset status,management system and mechanism,sharing and openness,security and privacy protection”.Traditional information technologies and methods are powerless to comprehensively solve these problems,so it is urgent to improve understanding and find another way to reconstruct the information technology architecture to provide a scientific and reasonable technical system for effectively solving the problems of data governance.This paper redefined the information technology architecture and proposed the data architecture as the connection link and application support system between the traditional hardware architecture and software architecture.The data registration system is the core composition of the data architecture,and the public key encryption and authentication system is the key component of the data architecture.This data governance system based on the data architecture supports complex,comprehensive,collaborative and cross-domain business application scenarios.It provides scientific and feasible basic support for the construction and development of the digital economy,digital society and digital government.

Guiding the Global Economic Governance System Reform in the Spirit of BRICS

BRICS cooperation is praised as a typical model of emerging market economies and developing countries.With the joint efforts of Member States,BRICS cooperation has successfully passed through the first decade,and has yielded fruitful results in politics,economy,humanity and many other fields.On the occasion of the start of cooperation in the second decade,the BRICS 5 members