Application of Theoretical Growth Functions for Mongolian Oak(Qurcus Mongolica)

Four alternative functions are used for lilting tree height and diameter growth models for mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica Fisch et Turcz)The data set includes 1250 random trees and 755 dominant trees coming from 510lemporary plots The resultsshow that the Richads function is the best model for predicting height diameter at breast height(DBH) and dominant height from age The average growth curveof domnant height is used as a guide curve for the construction of a site index table which is partially validated using an independent data set The Mischerlic function is the bestmodel for estimating height and dominam height from DBH

Effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang

Objective:To discuss the effect of Glycyrrhiza uralensis(G.uralensis) Fisch polysaccharide on growth performance and immunologic function in mice in Ural City,Xinjiang and to provide important data supporting the application of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide.Methods:A total of100 Kunming mice aged 3 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 groups with 20 mice in each group(10 were females and 10 were males).About 0.5 mL normal saline was given to the mice of control group every day and 0.5 mL G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide was given to the mice of other groups at the concentration of 1,20,50 and 100 mg/mL respectively.The growth performance(average body weight,average daily feed intake and feed efficiency),immune organ indexes(spleen index and thymus index) and immunologic function(serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells) of mice in each group were detected continuously.Results:The average body weight,feed efficiency,serum IL-2,CD4^+/CD8^+ and the activity of NK cells of mice were increased with the increase of administrated time after administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide and were reached up the largest level on Day 28.At the same time,each index was proportional to the given dose and was significantly higher than those of control group and reached up the largest level at the administrated dose of 100 mg/mL.After administrating G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide,the spleen index and thymus index of mice were increased with the increase of administrated dose and the spleen index and thymus index of mice administrated with the dose of 100 mg/mL were maximum which was more than 1.51 times and 1.43 times of that in control group respectively and the comparative differences showed statistical significance(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake of mice in each group was increased with the passage of lime and at the same time,the comparison of average daily feed intake of mice in each group was not significantly different(P>0.05).Conclusions:G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide can significantly improve the growth performance and immunologic function of mice and laid a research basis for the clinical application of G.uralensis Fisch polysaccharide.

Model Selection in Estimation of Covariance Functions for Growth of Angora Goats

Covariance functions have been proposed as an alternative to model longitudinal data in animal breeding because of their various merits in comparison to the classical analytical methods.In practical estimation,different models and polynomial orders fitted can influence the estimates of covariance functions and thus genetic parameters.The objective of this study was to select model for estimation of covariance functions for body weights of Angora goats at 7 time points.Covariance functions were estimated by fitting 6 random regression models with birth year,birth month,sex,age of dam,birth type,and relative birth date as fixed effects.Random effects involved were direct and maternal additive genetic,and animal and maternal permanent environmental effects with different orders of fit.Selection of model and orders of fit were carried out by likelihood ratio test and 4 types of information criteria.The results showed that model with 6 orders of polynomial fit for direct additive genetic and animal permanent environmental effects and 4 and 5 orders for maternal genetic and permanent environmental effects,respectively,were preferable for estimation of covariance functions.Models with and without maternal effects influenced the estimates of covariance functions greatly.Maternal permanent environmental effect does not explain the variation of all permanent environments,well suggesting different sources of permanent environmental effects also has large influence on covariance function estimates.

α-times Integrated Cosine Operator Functions with Growth ω

For a continuous,increasing functionω:[0,∞)→C of finite exponential type,we establish a Hille-Yosida type theorem for strongly continuous α-times(α>0)integrated cosine operator functions with O(ω).It includes the corresponding results for n-times integrated cosine operator functions that are polynomially bounded and exponentially bounded.

Functions of Phytochrome in Rice Growth and Development

Phytochrome family mainly senses red and far-red light to regulate a range of developmental processes throughout the life cycle of plants. Rice phytochrome gene family is composed of three members known as PHYA, PHYB and PHYC. It has been elucidated that individual phytochromes display both unique and overlapping roles in rice photomorphogenesis by characterization of all rice phytochrome mutants including single mutants, all combinations of double mutants as well as triple mutants. Based on the published data and authors’ ongoing studies, current knowledge of rice phytochrome functions in regulating seedling de-etiolation, root gravitropic response and elongation, plant architecture, flowering time and fertility is summarized. Additionally, the important issues in the field of rice phytochromes are proposed.

Renin and angiotensinogen expression and functions in growth and apoptosis of human glioblastoma

The expression and function in growth and apoptosis of the renin-angiotensin system(RAS)was evaluated inhuman glioblastoma.Renin and angiotensinogen(AGT)mRNAs and proteins were found by in situ hybridisationand immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma cells.Angiotensinogen was present in glioblastoma cystic fluids.Thus,human glioblastoma cells produce renin and AGT and secrete AGT.Human glioblastoma and glioblastoma cellsexpressed renin,AGT,renin receptor,AT(2)and/or AT(1)mRNAs and proteins determined by RT-PCR and/

Scalp electroacupuncture at the Baihui acupoint (DU 20) improves functional recovery in rats with cerebral ischemia Association with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factors

In this study, we induced cerebral infarction in rats by occluding the right middle cerebral artery, and tested the effects of electroacupuncture at the Baihui acupoint （DU 20）. Motor and sensory function was tested using Garcia’s scale and motor weakness grading, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the brain was quantified using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that scalp electroacupuncture at DU 20 significantly improved motor performance and sensory function in rats with stroke, and this was accompanied by an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ischemic brain tissue and peri-ischemic area. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis showed that the improvements in functional recovery were correlated with the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Evaluation of unconstrained and constrained mathematical functions to model girth growth of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) using young agemeasurements

No attempt has been made to date to model growth in girth of rubber tree （Hevea brasiliansis）. We evaluated the few widely used growth functions to identify the most parsimonious and biologically reasonable model for describing the girth growth of young rubber trees based on an incomplete set of young age measurements. Monthly data for girth of immature trees （age 2 to 12 yearsi from two locations were sub- jected to modelling. Re-parameterized, unconstrained and constrained growth functions,of Richards （RM）, Gompertz （GM） and the monomo- lecular ＇model ^（MM） were fitted to data. Duration of growth was the firsf constraint introduced. In the stagel We attempted a population aver- age （PA） model to capture the trend in growth. The best PA model was fitted as a subject specific （SS） model. We used appropriate error vari- ance-covariance structure to account for correlation due to repeated measurements over time. Unconstrainecl functions underestimated the asymptotic maximum that did not reflective carrying capacity of the locations. Underestimafions were attributed to the partial set＇ of meas- urements made during the early growth phase of the trees. MM proved superior to RM and GM. In the randomcoefficient models, both Gf and Go appeared to be influenced by tree level effects. Inclusion of diagonal definite positive matrix removed the correlation between random effects. The results were similar at both locations. In the overall assessment MM appeared as the candidate model for studying the girth-age relationships in Hevea trees. Based on the fitted model we conclude that, in Hevea trees, growth rate is maintained at maximum value at to, then decreases until the final state at dG/dt 〉 0, resulting in yield curve with no period of accelerating growth. One physiological explanation is that photosynthetic activity in Hevea trees decreases as girth increases and constructive metabolism is larger than destructive metabolism.

STRONGLY CONTINUOUS INTEGRATED COSINE OPERATOR FUNCTIONS WITH GROWTHω

For a continuous increasing function ω ： [0, ∞） → （0, ∞） of finite exponetial type, we establish a Hille-Yosida type theorem for strongly continuous integrated cosine operator functions with O（ω）. It includes the well-known polynomially bounded and exponentially bounded cases.

The43,000Growth - associated Protein Functions as a Negative Growth Regulator in Glioma.

Previous molecular analyses of human astrocytomas have identified many genetic changes associated with astrocy-toma formation and progression.In an effort to identify novel gene expression changes associated with astrocytomaformation,which might reveal new potential targets for glioma therapeutic drug design,we used the B8-RAS-transgenic mouse astrocytoma model.Using multiplex gene expression profiling,we found that

Comparison of the Chapman-Richards Function with the Schnute Model in Stand growth

The Chapman-Richards Function and its two exception cases in applications were discussed and compared with the Schnute model in stand growth studies. Compared from all perspective, it was found that the Schnute model commonly used in foreitry was identical to the Chapman-Richards function. If some parameter in the Chapman-Richdrds Function was unconstraint, the function could also be very versatile to fit some exceptional growth curves, the fitted function should be identical to that the Schnute model.

The Control of Population Growth Is the Function of the Central Government

Mr.Jiang Zcmin,Gencral-Seerctary of the Cen-tral Committee of the Chincse Communist Party and.Chairman of the People's Republic of China,in a rC-ccnt spcech cm phasized that the family planning pro-gramme should be strictly and effectively im plemented in 1994,a year of crucial importance for promoting re-form and opening and thc drive lowards.modernization.To makc continucd contributions to the sociocconomic development in the country,we must fulfil the plan for controlling population growth..The spcech was delivcred at the anua!National Fo-rum on Family Planning Work convened jointly by the Party's Central Committcc and the Statc Council.

ON THE DIMENSIONS OF SPACES OF HARMONIC FUNCTIONS WITH POLYNOMIAL GROWTH

In this paper, we obtain an estimate for the lower bound for the dimensions of harmonic functions with polynomial growth and a Liouville type theorem on manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature whose tangent cone at infinity is a unique metric cone with a conic measure.

Effects of Diet with Picria fel-tarrae Lour Particle on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indexes, Immune and Antioxidant Function of Hongguang Yellow Chickens

[Objectives]To investigate the effect of diet with Picria fel-tarrae Lour particle(PFLp)on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant function of Hongguang yellow chickens(HYC).[Methods]80 HYC in age of 1 d were divided into 4 groups randomly and each group was assigned to 5 replicates with 24 chicks in each replicate.Group A was control group fed only basal diet.Group B,C and D were treatment groups and fed diets with 0.125%,0.25%and 0.50%of PFLp respectively during the trial of 49 d.Serum samples were taken from 10 chicks in each group in the age of 21,35 and 49 d respectively and analyzed for biochemical,immune and antioxidant parameters in blood.[Results]ADG from group C in 21 d was increased significantly than that from group A,B and D(P<0.01),and ADG in 35 d from group C was also significantly greater than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05),but not much difference was found on ADG among the 4 groups in 49 d(P>0.05);ADFI from group C in 35 d was significantly higher than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05).ADFI from group C in 21 and 49 d were also higher than that from group A(P>0.05).FCR from group C in 21 d was much better than that from the other three groups(P<0.01).Death rate of group C was 50 percent lower than group A;There was no difference occurred in serum biochemical and immune parameters among the 4 groups during the trial(P>0.05).However,the T-AOC from group C and D in 21 d was enhanced significantly than that from group A and B(P<0.01),and the one from group C in 35 d was also increased greatly than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05).GSH from group C and D in 21 d was much higher than that from group A and B(P<0.05),and the ones from group C and D in 35 d were also significantly higher than those from group A and B(P<0.01).T-SOD in three stages trended up also in group C and D(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The diet with 0.25%PFLp in 21 and 35 d could dramatically improve the growth performance,significantly increase the antioxidant capacity and effectively reduce death rate.Diet with 0.25%PFLp is the most appropriate among the three different additions.

Transforming growth factor beta 1, a cytokine with regenerative functions

We review the biology and role of transforming growth factor beta 1 （TGF-β1） in peripheral nerve injury and regeneration, as it relates to injuries to large nerve trunks （i.e., sciatic nerve, brachial plexus）, which often leads to suboptimal functional recovery. Experimental studies have suggested that the reason for the lack of functional recovery resides in the lack of sufficient mature axons reaching their targets, which is a result of the loss of the growth-supportive environment provided by the Schwann cells in the distal stump of injured nerves. Using an established chronic nerve injury and delayed repair animal model that accu- rately mimics chronic nerve injuries in humans, we summarize our key findings as well as others to better understand the pathophysiology of poor functional recovery. We demonstrated that 6 month TGF-β1 treat- ment for chronic nerve injury significantly improved Schwann cell capacity to support axonal regeneration. When combined with forskolin, the effect was additive, as evidenced by a near doubling of regenerated axons proximal to the repair site. We showed that in vivo application of TGF-β1 and forskolin directly onto chronically injured nerves reactivated chronically denervated Schwann cells, induced their proliferation, and upregulated the expression of regeneration-associated proteins. The effect of TGF-β1 and forskolin on old nerve injuries is quite impressive and the treatment regiment appears to mediate a growth-supportive milieu in the injured peripheral nerves. In summary, TGF-β1 and forskolin treatment reactivates chronical- ly denervated Schwann cells and could potentially be used to extend and prolong the regenerative responses to promote axonal regeneration.

Analysis of the inflection points of height-diameter models

The inflection point is an important feature of sigmoidal height-diameter(H-D)models.It is often cited as one of the properties favoring sigmoidal model forms.However,there are very few studies analyzing the inflection points of H-D models.The goals of this study were to theoretically and empirically examine the behaviors of inflection points of six common H-D models with a regional dataset.The six models were the Wykoff(WYK),Schumacher(SCH),Curtis(CUR),HossfeldⅣ(HOS),von Bertalanffy-Richards(VBR),and Gompertz(GPZ)models.The models were first fitted in their base forms with tree species as random effects and were then expanded to include functional traits and spatial distribution.The distributions of the estimated inflection points were similar between the two-parameter models WYK,SCH,and CUR,but were different between the threeparameter models HOS,VBR,and GPZ.GPZ produced some of the largest inflection points.HOS and VBR produced concave H-D curves without inflection points for 12.7%and 39.7%of the tree species.Evergreen species or decreasing shade tolerance resulted in larger inflection points.The trends in the estimated inflection points of HOS and VBR were entirely opposite across the landscape.Furthermore,HOS could produce concave H-D curves for portions of the landscape.Based on the studied behaviors,the choice between two-parameter models may not matter.We recommend comparing seve ral three-parameter model forms for consistency in estimated inflection points before deciding on one.Believing sigmoidal models to have inflection points does not necessarily mean that they will produce fitted curves with one.Our study highlights the need to integrate analysis of inflection points into modeling H-D relationships.

植物生长调节剂的应用现状与建议

植物生长调节剂,目前广泛应用于粮食作物、棉油作物、瓜果蔬菜、果树等田块,但该类农药在调节作物生长、增加产量和品质改善的同时,负面的争议事件时常出现。本文从植调剂的历史、植调剂的分类、植调剂的作用、植调剂的登记现状、植调剂争议分析等五方面进行了总结,并在第六部分对植调剂的管理和推广提出了相应的建议。以期为大众更好地了解植调剂、用好植调剂提供参考和依据。

氮磷钾配施对栀子幼苗生长的影响

为探索栀子幼苗最佳施肥配比,培育栀子良种壮苗,以1年生栀子幼苗为试验材料,开展了不同施肥配比试验,通过测定不同施肥配比条件下栀子幼苗的苗高、地径、平均叶面积、苗木生物量、根系等性状指标,利用隶属函数进行综合评价。结果表明:供试施肥处理均能促进栀子幼苗生长,但不同施肥配比对栀子幼苗各生长指标的促进作用不同。处理T3和T5能较好地促进栀子幼苗苗高和地径的增长,其苗高增长量均达到39.0 cm以上,地径增长量也均高于3.6 mm;T4施肥处理的栀子叶面积增长量最大,可达38.08 cm^(2),比对照组增加202.22%;T7施肥处理的总根长、侧根数、根平均直径、根表面积、地上部分生物量、地下部分生物量以及总生物量在所有施肥处理当中表现最好,与对照相比分别增加25.50%、139.29%、57.85%、71.30%、51.28%、132.11%和103.14%。利用隶属函数对栀子幼苗各生长指标进行综合评价可知,栀子幼苗最佳的施肥处理为T7,尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾的施用量分别为3.0、0.8、1.2 g·株^(-1)。

胆汁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平胆汁酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响。将180头(28±1)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按照公母各占1/2、体重相近的原则,随机分为5个组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头。其中,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,黄芪多糖组饲喂添加0.1%黄芪多糖的基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂添加400、500、600 g/t胆汁酸的基础饲粮。试验期50 d。在仔猪28、45、78日龄时采集血样,检测血清免疫、抗氧化和生化指标。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加500 g/t胆汁酸能显著提高28~78日龄断奶仔猪的平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),并能显著降低料重比和腹泻率(P<0.05);能显著提高78日龄断奶仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、补体3(C3)、补体(C4)含量和猪瘟抗体阻断率(P<0.05);能显著提高78日龄断奶仔猪血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和总抗氧化能力(TAOC)(P<0.05),并能显著降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05);能显著提高78日龄断奶仔猪血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和甘油三酯(TG)含量(P<0.05),并能降低血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性和总胆固醇(TC)含量(P>0.05)。相比黄芪多糖组,饲粮中添加500 g/t胆汁酸显著提高了28~78日龄断奶仔猪的平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了料重比(P<0.05);显著提高了78日龄断奶仔猪血清中C3、C4含量和猪瘟抗体阻断率(P<0.05),显著提高了血清中GSH-Px活性(P<0.05),并降低了血清中MDA、TC含量(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加500 g/t胆汁酸能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、降低腹泻率、改善免疫功能和增强抗氧化能力,且效果优于黄芪多糖。

胆木和三丁酸甘油酯对文昌鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

为研究饲料中添加胆木和三丁酸甘油酯对文昌鸡生长性能、免疫功能及肠道菌群结构的影响,试验选取1日龄健康状况良好,体重相近的海南文昌鸡240只,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮;胆木组(NOP组)在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg胆木提取物;三丁酸甘油酯组(TBG组)在基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯;联合治疗组(NAT组)在基础饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的胆木提取物和600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯,试验期28 d。试验结果表明:(1)与CON组相比,TBG组文昌鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)和平均日增重(ADG)分别增加了5.53%和13.39%(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)降低了7.27%(P<0.05)。(2)与CON组相比,NOP组文昌鸡胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾脏指数分别提高了24.11%、11.29%和30.87%(P<0.05),血清Ig G增加了15.3%(P<0.05)。(3)与CON组相比,NAT组文昌鸡的ADFI和ADG分别提高了7.18%和16.74%(P<0.05),胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾脏指数分别提高了34.52%、22.59%和22.17%(P<0.05),血清IgA和lgG含量分别提高了8.20%和22.75%(P<0.05)。(4)肠道多样性分析结果显示,与CON组相比,NAT组瘤胃球菌属、欧陆森氏菌属、经黏液真杆菌属、粪杆菌属相对丰度显著增加,脱硫弧菌属相对丰度显著降低。综上所述,在文昌鸡日粮中添加1000 mg/kg的胆木提取物和600 mg/kg的三丁酸甘油酯,可提高文昌鸡的生长性能和免疫功能,改善肠道微生物菌群。