The incidence of obesity and its related conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has dramatically increased in all age groups worldwide. Given the health consequences of these conditions, and ...The incidence of obesity and its related conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has dramatically increased in all age groups worldwide. Given the health consequences of these conditions, and the subsequent economic burden on healthcare systems, their prevention and treatment have become major priorities. Because standard dietary and lifestyle changes and pathogenically-oriented therapies (e.g., antioxidants, oral hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering agents) often fail due to poor compliance and/or lack of efficacy, novel approaches directed toward other pathomechanisms are needed. Here we present several lines of evidence indicating that, by increasing energy extraction in some dysbiosis conditions or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, specific gut microbiota and/or a “low bacterial richness” may play a role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver. Under conditions involving a damaged intestinal barrier (“leaky gut”), the gut-liver axis may enhance the natural interactions between intestinal bacteria/bacterial products and hepatic receptors (e.g., toll-like receptors), thus promoting the following cascade of events: oxidative stress, insulin-resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. We also discuss the possible modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics, as attempted in NAFLD animal model studies and in several pilot pediatric and adult human studies. Globally, this approach appears to be a promising and innovative add-on therapeutic tool for NAFLD in the context of multi-target therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by(in part)FARB-ex 60%2012 of the University of Salerno grant to Vajro P
文摘The incidence of obesity and its related conditions, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has dramatically increased in all age groups worldwide. Given the health consequences of these conditions, and the subsequent economic burden on healthcare systems, their prevention and treatment have become major priorities. Because standard dietary and lifestyle changes and pathogenically-oriented therapies (e.g., antioxidants, oral hypoglycemic agents, and lipid-lowering agents) often fail due to poor compliance and/or lack of efficacy, novel approaches directed toward other pathomechanisms are needed. Here we present several lines of evidence indicating that, by increasing energy extraction in some dysbiosis conditions or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, specific gut microbiota and/or a “low bacterial richness” may play a role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and fatty liver. Under conditions involving a damaged intestinal barrier (“leaky gut”), the gut-liver axis may enhance the natural interactions between intestinal bacteria/bacterial products and hepatic receptors (e.g., toll-like receptors), thus promoting the following cascade of events: oxidative stress, insulin-resistance, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis. We also discuss the possible modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics, as attempted in NAFLD animal model studies and in several pilot pediatric and adult human studies. Globally, this approach appears to be a promising and innovative add-on therapeutic tool for NAFLD in the context of multi-target therapy.
文摘为阐述南非斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)在工厂化养殖模式中肠道微生物的作用,本研究基于HE染色组织切片、高通量测序、Biolog ECO技术,探讨工厂化养殖模式中南非斑节对虾肠道组织结构形态、菌群特征及肠道微生物代谢活性。结果显示,南非斑节对虾肠道组织结构类似于凡纳滨对虾,肠壁结构薄且清晰,肠上皮细胞紧密连接,微绒毛排列整齐、致密,外层结缔组织厚,可见血窦分布。通过Operational Taxonomy Unit(OTU)数量、Chao 1、Simpson、Shannon指数呈现了南非斑节对虾肠道菌群丰富度和多样性变化,测序数据合理;肠道菌群结构中门类主要包括变形菌门Proteobacteria、浮霉菌门Planctomycetes、放线菌门Actinobacteria、疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia;目水平中含量最高的是红杆菌目Rhodobacterales,其次是浮霉菌目Planctomycetales;属水平上含量表现为unclassified>鲁杰氏菌属Ruegeria>玫瑰变色菌属Roseovarius等,物种热图分析呈现相同结果。通过平均吸光值(Average Well Color Development,AWCD)显示肠道微生物代谢活性总体变化趋势,24h微生物代谢活性较弱,随时间的延长,代谢活性逐渐增加,直至144h后趋于平稳。本研究分析了南非斑节对虾肠道特征,为后续研究及健康养殖提供理论依据。
