Field study of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in gymnasium

To analyze the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) in a medium-sized mechanically ventilated gymnasium in Beijing,a field study was carried out. PHOENICS,one of the CFD software,was chosen to simulate the distribution of the indicators of indoor air in the gymnasium to check the air-conditioning parameters reasonable or not. And there was a questionnaire for audiences and staff about the acceptance and satisfaction of the thermal comfort,simultaneously,some environmental parameters were monitored. Then an experiment was carried out in gymnasium with the plate sedimentation to the biological aerosol in the air. Finally,the thermal comfort and IAQ in the gymnasium were assessed based on the results of above questionnaire survey and measurements. The results show that most parameters of the environmental are within the standard limits of thermal comfort and IAQ in the monitored period,and the biological contaminants initially come from human beings. The main species in the gymnasium are streptobacillus,coccus,cladosporium,penicillium and neurospora.

Wind tunnel testing of wind pressures on a large gymnasium roof

A wind tunnel test was conducted for a large steel gymnasium structure. Simultaneous pressure measurements were made on its entire ellipsoidal roof in a simulated suburban boundary layer flow field. Special attention is paid to the charaeteristics of fluctuating wind pressures in different zones on the roof. Some selected results are presented： 1） correlations between fluctuating wind pressures on both roof surfaces, 2） eigenvalues and eigenvectors of covariance matrices of the fluctuating wind pressures, 3） probability distributions of the fluctuating wind pressures, and 4） statistical characteristics of peak factor. Furthermore, the applicability of the quasi-steady approach is discussed in detail. Based on the results, an empirical formula for estimating the minimum pressure coefficients, using a peak factor approach, is presented. Comparison of the minimum pressure coefficients determined by the proposed formula and those obtained from the wind tunnel tests is made to examine the applicability and accuracy of the proposed formula.

Land Use Characteristics of Areas Around the Metro Station in the Old City of Chengdu: A Case Study of Sichuan Gymnasium Station

Taking Sichuan Gymnasium Station as the research object, we explore land use characteristics over time of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of time. We extract the basic information of land use in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in 2005, 2011, and 2016 through Google Earth in order to draw the map of land use status in three time nodes. We then analyze the degree of mixing and equilibrium, intensity of development of land, and land use patterns of areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station with indexes including the area proportion of land use patterns, information entropy, and degree of equilibrium within a 1,000-m radius centered on the station, so as to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of land around the station in different time nodes. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the development of rail transit has not significantly contributed to the boom of commerce and the development of the old city of Chengdu. We also analyze land use changes in areas around Sichuan Gymnasium Station in terms of space, and find that land use patterns in areas around commuter stations seem to be more complicated than that of the average station, and land use patterns in areas around Huaxiba Station and Nijiaqiao Station on Line 1, which opened first, are more complicated than that of Moziqiao Station and Yiguanmiao Station on Line 3. The original land use patterns formed in the old city often determine the selection of rail transit routes and rail transit stations. Adaptive stations do not play a decisive role in land use patterns in their surrounding areas, but have some impact on the plot ratio and building height of land for commercial use within the core area of the stations.

Analysis of Operation Strategy and Management of University Gymnasiums

With the progress of new trends of society, gymnasium, the most important part in Chinese sports facility, can not only meet the needs of physical exercise of students, but also provide a favorable place for social welfare development. But due to the influence of traditional management methods, some problems are still seen in the process of operation of university gymnasiums in china, which restricts the overall development of our country＇s sports enterprise. Therefore, this paper probes into the study on disadvantageous existed conditions and analyzes the operation strategies and management strategies of university gymnasiums on the basis of their characteristics and advantages.

How to Build the Management Mode for the Gymnasiums in Ordinary Universities in China

In recent years, China has paid attention to the college expansion plan, and people have attached importance not to only students＇ academic performance, but also their quality and extracurricular activities. At this point, all kinds of activities for college students have been widely concerned. Students in ordinary universities almost exercise in the gymnasium, which requires optimizing the management mode of gymnasium construction. In the process of university gymnasium management, it needs building effectively according to the requirements of college students＇ activities, ensuring a better activity space for college students. At this point, it is necessary for relevant management personnel to focus on the management, and make perfect management mode, so as to ensure the better optimal management system. This paper proposes measures to build the university gymnasium management mode through the analysis of the university gymnasium management mode problems, in order to offer reference for management personnel.

Multimedia Production and Multi（media） Literacy in Gymnasiums

The article displays the possibilities for introducing multimedia production based on computer science to gymnasiums （general secondary school programs）, where students who usually continue their education at college are educated. The purpose of the research was to prepare an assessment of the situation and recommendations to gymnasiums on how to improve the situation in this field and what options and opportunities appear for schools and the media environment in which they are active. Special attention was paid to the situation of activities （extracurricular activities and optional subjects） related to multimedia production and uses of ICT （information-communication technology）.

Proposal of Stainless Steel Roof Structure and Tiles for Gymnasiums

This work proposed an architectural alternative project of a stainless steel roof structure that uses roof tiles also in stainless steel with emphasis on roofs for multi-sport gymnasiums.In the development of the work,two existing multi-sports gymnasiums are taken as a reference,but with ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)A36 steel roof structure.The proposed cover system uses cables and light gauge profiles,in commercial stainless steel,which reduces the weight and of course the final price of the roof structure.A structure that presents technical feasibility is obtained and analyzed by checking its behavior with respect to the efforts and displacements generated by the combinations of the acting loads,following the safety recommendations of the applicable standard.It is verified that using the stainless steel structure proposed in this work would cost 42%of the reference structure if this were in AISI(American Iron and Steel Institute)304 stainless steel.And this cost tends to be minimized due to greater durability and consequent reduction in maintenance costs of this type of steel.

大型体育赛事场馆立体救援方案的构建及实践

目的 构建大型赛事活动体育场馆医疗保障应急救援方案,分析效果总结实践经验,为同规模赛事活动的场馆内医疗保障提供借鉴。方法 研究团队于2023年6月对第19届亚运会主场馆深入分析保障场馆环境空间布局,制订大型场馆立体医疗保障方案,完成高仿真模拟测试,救护点医疗急救小组在亚运会赛事期间依托看台医疗专用电梯以“上下穿插跑位”立体方法进行救护。结果 亚运会医疗保障人员均能够在接到紧急医疗服务需求后2 min内到事发地点施行紧急医疗保障服务,对于需要转运的危重症患者实现3~8 min转运。结论 大型体育场馆采用立体救援方案进行医疗保障,可扩大医护人员救援半径、缩短反应时间,在此次亚运会主场馆医疗保障中取得了圆满成效。

十堰某体育馆106m跨内凹弦支穹顶结构设计关键问题研究

十堰某体育馆主体结构采用框架-剪力墙结构体系,上部106m大跨内凹形屋盖采用弦支穹顶结构体系。为了满足建筑简洁性及结构合理性需求,对屋盖进行了四角锥网架、弦支穹顶及网架-弦支穹顶组合的不同结构形式对比,最终选用结构轻巧、经济性好的弦支穹顶结构体系。结合弦支穹顶结构自身的受力特点以及其对下部结构的不利影响,对弦支穹顶结构上下弦布置、扭转刚度、支座约束条件、撑杆高度等进行了优化。对弦支穹顶断索情况下的响应、不同工况下的支座位移以及拉索低应力状态下的刚度退化进行了验算。结果表明,优化后的屋盖结构满足结构安全、适用性的要求,同时也有较高的冗余度。

高校历史建筑夏季室内热舒适研究——以宋卿体育馆为例

该文研究武汉大学早期历史建筑宋卿体育馆夏季室内热环境现状及热舒适评价,通过对体育馆室内热环境现场实测和问卷调查相结合的方法,对建筑室内相关物理参数及使用者主观评价进行收集。对室内热环境实际热感觉投票值TSV与预测热舒适指标PMV进行对比分析,评测该历史建筑夏季室内热舒适性后,发现宋卿体育馆在夏季自然通风状态下室内热环境较差,主要是因为建筑大面积西向开窗设计很容易受到太阳辐射的影响,室内风速过低,使用者运动强度高,从而导致实际热感觉投票值偏高。因此对该历史建筑提出了相应的优化策略,如增设外窗遮阳、机械通风以及必要的空调系统。

基于元胞自动机的文体馆人员疏散仿真

为研究封闭环境火情下人员疏散行为,提高文体馆内人员疏散效率,文章以西安某文体馆火灾疏散为例,基于元胞自动机模型,根据环境熟悉度将人员进行分类,引入随机运动,跟随运动,墙壁指示运动,通过matlab进行仿真模拟,研究了环境熟悉度、不熟悉环境人员占比和场景等因素对人员疏散时间的影响。结果表明,当不熟悉环境人员占比较小时,人员向出口移动,容易在出口附近聚集;当不熟悉环境人员占比较大时,则容易向两侧墙壁移动,造成出口利用率降低;当人数一定时,不熟悉环境人员占比约为60%时,疏散时间相对较少;相对于出口横向摆放设施易使人们在疏散时聚集,导致不熟悉环境人员盲目跟随,设施纵向摆放时,疏散时间平均降低9.3%,更易于人员应急疏散。

运动人因视角下体育馆光环境评价预测模型研究

体育馆光环境设计直接影响运动者的舒适水平。为探究运动者对天然光环境的舒适需求反馈,本文基于主观调查与客观生理测量的互证方法,确定运动者光环境评价影响因素,利用神经网络算法构建以运动人因健康为导向的体育馆光环境评价预测模型,并结合遗传算法优化迭代得出适宜全民健身的体育馆天然光环境视觉舒适亮度阈值。

瓯海奥体中心体育馆100m跨无环索弦支网壳结构设计

瓯海奥体中心由体育场、体育馆、游泳馆及体育配套用房组成,其中体育馆主体结构采用钢筋混凝土框架结构,屋盖采用了无环索弦支网壳结构体系,为国内外首例该结构体系工程。设计中针对屋盖结构进行了屈曲分析及抗连续倒塌分析,结果表明结构的整体稳定性较好、抗连续倒塌能力强,进一步证明了结构体系选择的合理性。对拉索索力进行了专项分析,保证在各工况组合下拉索均不破断及退出受拉状态,且刚度退化后仍满足设计要求。

大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖在室内体育馆的应用及质量控制

针对大跨度梁板结构体系存在的梁截面高、室内净高不足、影响功能使用以及增加造价等问题,通过案例分析法并以某学院风雨操场工程的乒乓球、羽毛球训练馆为例,深入分析大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖技术在室内体育馆的应用以及关键工序的质量控制等重要问题。结果表明:预应力空心楼盖体系能很好地解决使用跨度和室内净空高度等问题。

环境温差对中型体育馆自然通风环境的影响

温度分层是大空间建筑的一个普遍存在的现象,近年全尺寸测量的相关研究已经验证了这一现象,并逐渐引起关注。相关研究表明体育馆室内温度与自然通风环境的变化可能是复杂且敏感的,因此以混合通风的视角切入到后续研究当中很有必要。为探讨亚热带地区环境温差对于体育馆自然通风的潜在影响,文中选取了亚热带地区两个中型体育馆作为研究对象,采用全尺寸测量方法,在夏、秋过渡季节对其室内外空气温度与自然风速进行了监测与分析,并运用计算流体力学(CFD)的数值模拟方法评估并还原了环境温差对于亚热带地区中型体育馆自然通风环境的影响。研究结果表明:负温差环境下的运动区域进口气流风速更高,室外新鲜空气能集中在大空间底部,提高运动区域的换气效率,通风环境显著优于正温差环境;较低的室外空气温度更有利于创造体育馆内部良好的自然通风环境,而对进风口气流进行预冷可能是改善体育馆被占用区域热舒适度的有效途径。本研究运用实测数据对数值模拟结果进行了误差分析,证明模拟方法能有效地解释亚热带地区中型体育馆自然通风环境的温度敏感性,并有效反映了室内大空间复杂的自然通风现象,为未来的相关研究提供基础条件。

“元宇宙”时代我国高校体育场馆数字化建设策略研究

高校体育场馆数字化建设是迈向“元宇宙”方向发展的一类典型领域,对于国家数字经济的发展和教育数字化战略行动的实施具有重要意义。高校体育场馆数字化建设的基本任务一旦实现,将能提高场馆资源利用率,解决场地供不应求的现实问题;实现场馆能源精细化管理,达成“节能减排”绿色运营目标;依托便捷服务优化用户体验,培育大学生锻炼行为;立足数字化科学管理,实现场馆资源动态优化配置。研究通过文献研究、案例分析、逻辑分析等研究方法,提出高校体育场馆数字信息管理平台建设的架构设想及可行路径:(1)做好顶层设计,实现数字信息管理平台的持续迭代创新;(2)根据业务需要,循序渐进地配置相关智慧设备;(3)逐步完善数字化高校体育场馆的管理制度建设。

皮革材料在体育馆建筑装饰中的应用研究

皮革是一种质地优良、性能稳定且具有一定可循环利用性的材料。本文对皮革材料在体育场馆建筑装饰中的应用价值进行分析,认为皮革材料的使用可以拓展体育场馆建筑装饰的思路,提升体育场馆细节设计水平,实现皮革材料在体育场馆内的可循环利用。

考虑填充墙影响的风雨操场混合结构位移角限值研究

本文对风雨操场混合结构的框排架结构部分的弹性位移角及弹塑性位移角限值取值的合理性开展了探讨,基于结构损伤破坏情况研判结构位移角限值取值的合理性,同时讨论了结构分析中是否应考虑填充墙对结构位移角影响的问题。研究表明:采用框架结构1/550弹性位移角限值对风雨操场混合结构刚度进行控制,可以满足三水准的设防要求。结构设计分析中考虑填充墙的分析结果更为合理可靠,更符合结构实际情况,更有助于判别结构薄弱部位。当结构遭遇极罕遇地震作用时,单柱位移角达到1/50左右,会发生严重破坏,甚至倒塌。

基于风热耦合的亚热带地区中型体育馆开口模式研究

大空间建筑室内的温度环境通常是分层且不均匀的,亚热带地区变化的室内外环境温差影响着体育馆室内气流的可及性与稳定性。采用EnergyPlus的建筑能耗建模(BEM)与CFD相结合的模拟计算方法,对亚热带地区中型体育馆的温度边界条件进行分析与提取,并比较了4种开口组合模式在风热耦合环境下的自然通风效率。结果表明,亚热带地区中型体育馆的室内外温度环境在正温差、负温差之间相互交替,而自然通风效率与室内气流走向在不同的环境温差下都存在较大的差异;低侧窗与天窗组合而成的纵向开口模式在通风效率与气流稳定性上均有较好的表现,是更能适应亚热带地区风热耦合环境的一种开口组合模式。

河北宁晋体育馆结构设计及拱脚节点试验研究

河北宁晋体育馆屋盖结构造型复杂,采用钢结构拱桁架结构形式,运用MIDAS Gen软件对钢结构屋盖进行了整体稳定分析和多遇地震下的整体弹性计算,分析结果表明钢结构拱桁架方案可行且安全。因钢结构拱跨度大、拱脚节点受力复杂,为验证节点设计的合理性和安全性,选取了4个典型节点进行了足尺节点受压试验。试验结果表明:节点设计能承受上部结构荷载并留有适当的安全储备。