The Elliptic Flow of Multi-Strange Hadrons in [S_(NN)]^(1/2)= 200 GeV Au + Au Collisions at STAR

Azimuthal anisotropy, especially for the multi-strange hadrons, is expected to be sensitive to the dynamical evolution in the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions. In this paper we present the latest results of multi-strange hadron elliptic flow in Au ＋ Au collisions at √SNN=200GeV from the STAR experiment at RHIC. The number-of-quark scaling is evidenced with φ（ss） and Ω（sss） with highly statistical data, which shows strange quark collectivity at RHIC. The u2 of φ meson is found to be consistent with that of proton within statistical error bars at pw 〈 1 GeV/c.

Status and Prospects of Exotic Hadrons at BelleⅡ

In the past 20 years,many new hadrons that are difficult to explain within the conventional quark model have been discovered in the quarkonium region;these are called exotic hadrons.The Belle I experiment,as the nextgeneration B factory,provides a good platform for exploring them.The charmonium-like states can be produced at Belle I in several ways,such as B meson decays,initial-state radiation processes,two-photon collisions and double charmonium production.Bottomonium-like states can be produced directly in e^(+)e^(-) colliding energies at Belle I with low continuum backgrounds.Belle I plans to perform a high-statistics energy scan from the BB threshold up to the highest possible energy of 11.24 GeV to search for new Y_(b)states with J^(PC)=1^(--),X_(b)[the bottom counterpart of χ_(c1)(3872),also known as X(3872)]and partners of Z_(b)states.We give a mini-review on the status and prospects of exotic hadrons at BelleⅡ.

NEW METHOD IN CALORIMETRY FOR SUPERHIGH ENERGY HADRONS

A new method in calorimetry for superhigh energy hadrons is proposed.The main feature of the method is the effective detection of soft neutrons,abundantly present in the superhigh energy hadron showers,by using neutron detectors insensitive to minimum ionizing particles.Such a calorimeter allows us to selectively detect the hadrons in the environment of high backgrounds of electrons,photons and muons.

Study of the production of Λ_b^0 band ~0 hadrons in pp collisions and first measurement of the Λ_b^0→J/ψpK^- branching fraction

The product of the ∧0/b （-B/0） differential production cross-section and the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-（-B/0→ J/ψ-K＊（892）0）is measured as a function of the beauty hadron transverse momentum, PT, and rapidity, y. The kinematic region of the measurements is pT〈20 GeV/c and 2.0 〈g〈4.5.The measurements use a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies √s=7 TeV in 2011 and √s=8 TeV in 2012. Based on previous LHCb results of the fragmentation fraction ratio,f∧0/b/fd,the branching fraction of the decay ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-is measured to be B（∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-）=（3.17±0.04±0.07±0.34＋0.45/-0.28）×10-4,where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, the third is due to the uncertainty on the branching fraction of the decay -B/0 →J/ψ-K＊（892）0,and the fourth is due to the knowledge of f∧0/b/fd.The sum of the asymmetries in the production and decay between ∧0/b and ∧0/bis also measured as a function of PT and y.The previously published branching fraction of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pπ-,relative to that of ∧0/b→ J/ψ pK-,is updated. The branching fractions of ∧0/b→P＋c（→ J/ψp）K-are determined.

Exotic Hadrons and Underlying Z_(2,3) Symmetries

The recent observation of higher quark combinations, tetraquarks and pentaquarks, is a strong indication of more exotic hadrons. Using Z_2 and Z_3 symmetries and standard model data, a general quark combination producing new hadronic states is proposed in terms of polygon geometries according to the Dynkin diagrams of ?_n affine Lie algebras. It has been shown that Z_(2,3) invariance is crucial in the determination of the mesonic or the baryonic nature of these states. The hexagonal geometry is considered in some details producing both mesonic and baryonic states. A general class of this family is also presented.

Chiral symmetry restoration in excited hadrons and dense matter

We overview two interconnected topics： possible effective restoration of chiral symmetry in highly excited hadrons and possible existence of confined but chirally symmetric matter at low temperatures and high densities.

Study of the e^+e^- to hadrons via ISR at BABAR

Experimental data from the PEP-II B-factory at 10.6 GeV center-of-mass （c.m.） energy, obtained via initial-state radiation （ISR） with the BABAR detector, are presented. The cross sections for many hadronic processes have been measured from the production threshold to 4-5 GeV of the e^＋e^- c.m. energy. The obtained data allow to study a number of intermediate states and determine the parameters of known resonances and their branching fractions. The exclusive cross section for some number of hadronic sub-processes are presented.

Study of heavy-light hadrons within a flux tube model

A classic mass loaded flux tube model and the diquark picture are employed to explore both mesons and baryons. The spectrum of Λc＋ baryons and Ds mesons is systematically obtained. The spin-orbit interaction in Ds was simplified as an L·S coupling. The spin-orbit interaction in Λc was simplified as a Jl ·Jc coupling. The predicted masses are consistent with the latest experiments.

Semi-inclusive lepto-production of hidden-charm exotic hadrons

We investigate the semi-inclusive production of hidden-charm exotic states,including the X(3872),Z_(c),Zcs and pentaquark P_(c) states,in lepton-proton scattering processes.These hadrons are close to the thresholds of a pair of charm and anticharm hadrons and are assumed to possess a hadronic molecular structure as their main feature.To provide order-of-magnitude estimates of the cross sections,we use Pythia to simulate the short-distance productions of the constituent hadrons,which then rescatter to form exotic hadrons.The estimates for the X(3872)and Z_(c)(3900)^(±)states are not in conflict with the upper limits measured in the COMPASS experiment for the exclusive photoproduction process.The results indicate that the considered hidden-charm states can be copiously produced at the proposed electron-ion colliders EicC and US-EIC.

NAMING SCHEME FOR HADRONS

Revised 2004 by M. Roos （University of Finland） and C.G. Wohl （LBNL）.

Strong decays of newly observed heavy flavor hadrons

In this talk, we briefly review the experimental status of newly observed charmed hadrons during the past years. Then we introduce the theoretical progresses on these charmed hadrons, especially our studies on the strong decays of new charmed hadrons during the past one year.

Pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp and pA collisions at the LHC

In the framework of the Color Glass Condensate, the pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp and pA collisions at the LHC are studied with the UGD function from the GBW model. With a X2 analysis of the CMS data in pp collisions at √s=0.9, 2.36, 7 TeV, the normalization factor is obtained and the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Then, considering the influence of nucleon hard partons transverse distribution on the number of participants in pA collisions by using a Glauber Monte Carlo method, we also give the predictive results for the multiplicity distributions in pPb collisions at √s=4.4 TeV.

Production of light-flavor and single-charmed hadrons in pp collisions at√s=5.02 TeV in an equal-velocity quark combination model

We apply an equal-velocity quark combination model to study the production of light-flavor hadrons and single-charmed hadrons at midrapidity in the pp collisions at √s= 5.02 TeV. We find that the experimental data for the pT spectra of Ω and φ exhibit the quark number scaling property, which clearly indicates the quark combination mechanism at hadronization. Experimental data for the pT spectra of p,Λ,Ξ,Ω,φ and K^(+0) are systematically described by the model. The non-monotonic pT dependence of the Ω/φ ratio is naturally explained, and we find that it is closely related to the shape of the logarithm of the strange quark pT distribution. Using the pT spectra of light-flavor quarks obtained from light-flavor hadrons and the pT spectrum of charm quarks, which is consistent with perturbative QCD calculations, the experimental data for differential cross-sections of D^(0,+), D^(+)_s), and Λ^(+)_(c) as functions of p are systematically described. We predict the differential cross-sections of Ξ^(0,+)_(c) and Ω^(0)_(c) . The ratio Ξ^(0,+)_(c) /D^0) in our model is approximately 0.16, and Ω^(0)_(c) /D^(0) is approximately 0.012, owing to the cascade suppression of strangeness.In addition, the predicted Ξ^(0,+)_(c) /D^0) ratios exhibit the non-monotonic dependence on pT in the low pT range.

Issues and Opportunities in Exotic Hadrons

The last few years have been witness to a proliferation of new results concerning heavy exotic hadrons.Experimentally, many new signals have been discovered that could be pointing towards the existence of tetraquarks,pentaquarks, and other exotic configurations of quarks and gluons. Theoretically, advances in lattice field theory techniques place us at the cusp of understanding complex coupled-channel phenomena, modelling grows more sophisticated, and effective field theories are being applied to an ever greater range of situations. It is thus an opportune time to evaluate the status of the field. In the following, a series of high priority experimental and theoretical issues concerning heavy exotic hadrons is presented.

Quantum Chromodynamics on Lattice: Direct Minimization of QCD-QED-Action with New Results

This paper describes a new numerical QCD calculation method (direct minimization of QCD-QED-action) and its results for the first-generation (u, d) hadrons. Here we start with the standard color-Lagrangian LQCD = LDirac + Lgluon, model the quarks qi as parameterized gaussians, and the gluons Agi as Ritz-Galerkin-series. We minimize the Lagrangian numerically with parameters par = (par (q), {αk}, par (Ag)) for first-generation hadrons (nucleons, pseudo-scalar mesons, vector mesons). The resulting parameters yield the correct masses and correct magnetic moments for the nucleons, the gluon-distribution and the quark-distribution with interesting insights into the hadron structure.

Bound State Description of Particles from a Quantum Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons, Compatible with Relativity

Both, the dilemma to find a quantum field theory consistent with Einstein’s law of relativity and the problem to describe existing particles as bound states of matter has been solved by calculating bound state matrix elements from a dual fermion-boson Lagrangian. In this formalism, the fermion binding energies are compensated by boson energies, indicating that particles can be generated out of the vacuum. This yields quantitative solutions for various mesons ω (0.78 GeV) - Υ (9.46 GeV) and all leptons e, μ and τ, with uncertainties in the extracted properties of less than 1‰. For transparency, a Web-page with the address htpps://h2909473.stratoserver.net has been constructed, where all calculations can be run on line and also the underlying fortran source code can be inspected.

Design of hadronic calorimeter for DarkSHINE experiment

The sensitivity of the dark photon search through invisible decay final states in low-background experiments relies sig-nificantly on the neutron and muon veto efficiencies,which depend on the amount of material used and the design of the detector geometry.This paper presents the optimized design of the hadronic calorimeter(HCAL)used in the DarkSHINE experiment,which is studied using a GEANT4-based simulation framework.The geometry is optimized by comparing a traditional design with uniform absorbers to one that uses different thicknesses at different locations on the detector,which enhances the efficiency of vetoing low-energy neutrons at the sub-GeV level.The overall size and total amount of material used in the HCAL are optimized to be lower,owing to the load and budget requirements,whereas the overall performance is studied to satisfy the physical objectives.

The medium-temperature dependence of jet transport coefficient in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

The medium-temperature T dependence of the jet transport coefficient̂q was studied via the nuclear modification factor RAA(p_(T))and elliptical flow parameter v_(2)(p_(T))for large transverse momentum p_(T) hadrons in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.Within a next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD parton model for hard scatterings with modified fragmentation functions due to jet quenching controlled by q,we check the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy for large p_(T) hadrons,and extract q by global fits to RAA(pT)and v_(2)(pT)data in A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC,respectively.The numerical results from the best fits show that q∕T^(3) goes down with local medium-temperature T in the parton jet trajectory.Compared with the case of a constant q∕T^(3),the going-down T dependence of q∕T^(3) makes a hard parton jet to lose more energy near T_(c) and therefore strengthens the azimuthal anisotropy for large pT hadrons.As a result,v_(2)(p_(T))for large pT hadrons was enhanced by approximately 10%to better fit the data at RHIC/LHC.Considering the first-order phase transition from QGP to the hadron phase and the additional energy loss in the hadron phase,v_(2)(p_(T))is again enhanced by 5-10%at RHIC/LHC.

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider for Heavy Ion Fusion

Heavy Ion Fusion makes use of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Lab and the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva, Switzerland for Inertial Confinement Fusion. Two Storage Rings, which may or may not initially be needed, added to each of the Colliders increases the intensity of the Heavy Ion Beams making it comparable to the Total Energy delivered to the DT target by the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore Lab. The basic Physics involved gives Heavy Ion Fusion an advantage over Laser Fusion because heavy ions have greater penetration power than photons. The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider can be used as a Prototype Heavy Ion Fusion Reactor for the Large Hadron Collider.

The Substructure of Elementary Particles Demonstrated by the I-Theory

Present studies in physics assume that elementary particles are the building blocks of all matter, and that they are zero-dimensional objects which do not occupy space. The new I-Theory predicts that elementary particles do indeed have a substructure, three dimensions, and occupy space, being composed of fundamental particles called I-particles. In this article we identify the substructural pattern of elementary particles and define the quanta of energy that form each elementary particle. We demonstrate that the substructure comprises two classes of quanta which we call “attraction quanta” and “repulsion quanta”. We create a model that defines the rest-mass energy of each elementary particle and can predict new particles. Lastly, in order to incorporate this knowledge into the contemporary models of science, a revised periodic table is proposed.