Effects of Different Calcining Temperatures on the Properties of Ceramsite Prepared by High-carbon Gasification Slag

The structure and characteristics of high-performance lightweight aggregates produced by high-carbon gasification slag were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetry/differential thermogravimetr,differential scanning calorimetry-Fourier transform infrared,and mercury intrusion porosimetry,respectively.The experimental results show that the ceramsite undergoes two weightless stages in the calcining process.With the increase in the calcining temperature,a large number of pores are formed inside the ceramsite,its structure becomes denser,but the calcining temperature band of the ceramsite becomes narrow.The crystalline phase of the ceramsite changes at different calcining temperatures and the mineral phase changes from the earlieralbite,quartz,oligoclase,hematite,etc,to a silica-aluminum-rich glass phase.The 1130℃ is a more suitable calcining temperature,and the cylinder compressive strength of ceramics is 11.59 MPa,the packing density,apparent density,porosity,and water absorption are 939.11 kg/m^(3),1643.75 kg/m^(3),28.11%,and 10.35%,respectively,which can meet the standards for high-strength lightweight aggregates.

Spheroidization process in large-deformed high-carbon steel

In this study,the spheroidization process of large-deformed steel under various conditions was researched.Steel with a high carbon content （1.0％ C） was first treated thermomechanically using multipass rolling.Then it underwent spheroidization treatments at different heating temperatures,using various heating times and cooling rates.Spheroidization processes with a lower heating temperature,shorter heating time,or faster cooling rate than those of the traditional process all showed good results,indicating that the spheroidization process was promoted significantly by the large deformation process.Grain refinement and fragmentation of cementite,along with the large deformation process,promoted this spheroidization process.

Effect of RE-Modifier on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of High-Carbon Medium-Manganese Steel

The effect of RE-modifier on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon-medium manganese steel has been investigated in present work.The results showed that the RE-modifier can refine the crystalline grain of high-carbon medium-manganese steel.The shape and distribution of carbides are improved and the columnar grains and phosphide in grain boundary are eliminated.Consequently,the impact toughness of the steel is increased by more than one time,compared with no addition of RE-modifier.

Can the low-carbon city pilot policy promote the upgrading of high-carbon emitting enterprises? Evidence from China

As a crucial environmental reform system to realize“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality”,the pilot policy of low-carbon cities(LCCs)puts pressure and challenges on high-carbon emitting enterprises(HCEEs)while providing opportunities for these firms to take the path of independent transformation.Employing the data of Chinese listed enterprises from 2006 to 2016 and adopting a difference-in-differences(DID)model,we evaluated the impact of LCC construction on the upgrading of HCEEs and its mechanisms.The results indicate that LCC construction enhances the upgrading of HCEEs in the pilot cities.The conclusions remain stable after a series of robustness tests.The mechanism analysis reveals that LCC construction triggers the upgrading of HCEEs by promoting resource allocation efficiency,R&D investment,and green technology innovation.The heterogeneity results indicate that this positive effect is more pronounced for HCEEs in regions with more stringent environmental law enforcement.This study also observes that the upgrading impact is more promi‐nent for state-owned enterprises,enterprises with higher bargaining power,and enterprises whose managers have a long-term vision.The above results provide directions for upgrading HCEEs and replicable evidence for cities in developing economies to fulfill the win-win target of environmental protection and economic transfor‐mation.

Structures and Properties of High-Carbon High Speed Steel by RE-Mg-Ti Compound Modification

The effects of rare earths(RE)-Mg-Ti compound modification on the structures and properties of high-carbon high speed steel(HSS) were researched.The impact toughness(α_k),the fracture toughness(K_(1c))and threshold of fatigue crack growth(ΔK_(th))are tested.The thermal fatigue test is done on a self-straining thermal fatigue tester,the wear test is done on a high temperature wear test machine.The results show that the matrix can be refined by the RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,the eutectic carbides are inclined to spheroidicize and are distributed evenly,the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides are improved by appropriate RE-Mg-Ti complex modification.After RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,a little effects can be found on the strength,hardness and red hardness,but the fracture toughness(K_(1c)) and threshold of fatigue crack growth(△K_(th)) are improved in the meantime,the impact toughness (α_k) is increased by over one time,and the resistance to thermal fatigue and wear resistance at an elevated temperature are remarkably improved.

Patenting of hot-rolled high-carbon steel and its applications

The patenting process of three hot-rolled steels with carbon mass contents of 0.70%-0. 90% was studied. The effect of the quenching temperature on the cementite lamellar distance in the steel was evaluated on the basis of microstructural characterization and mechanical property tests. The patenting treatment of high-carbon hot- rolled strip and its application in springs were discussed.

Investigation of longitudinal surface cracks in a continuous casting slab of high-carbon steel

Based on a series of related investigations, a mechanism for the formation of longitudinal surface cracks on a continuous casting slab of high-carbon steel was investigated. High-temperature tensile tests performed on slab samples,metallographic and scanning electron microscopy studies, as well as heat flux and shell thickness in continuous casting predicted on the basis of a mathematical model were conducted. The results showed that high- carbon steel exhibited a much lower liquidus temperature and a wider brittle temperature range immediately after solidification compared with those of low-carbon steel. Concentrations of elements K and Na, which are contained in the mold fluxes, were not observed in the cracks during this study. The calculated results showed that the heat flux and the shell thickness were uneven along the mold width and that the shell was thinner and close to the center line of the slab surface. The longitudinal cracks were observed in situ using confocal laser scanning microscopy, to first occur close to the solidification front,where the ductility was extremely low;in addition ,the shell growth was slower than in other regions, which led to a thinner shell and depressed shrinkage owing to a lack of lubrication by the mold fluxes below the meniscus. Furthermore, the pouring temperature of high-carbon steel is - 100 ~C lower than that of low-carbon steel,so the formation of a stable liquid flux near the meniscus within a short time at the beginning of casting is difficult. The amounts of liquid slag film and crystalline slag film were insufficient to provide adequate lubrication between the shell and the mold, which resulted in greater friction force that induced or aggravated cracks. Therefore, the homogeneity of mold fluxes and initial solidification in the mold should be improved to reduce the concentration of slab surface defects.

Reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory materials and rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel

Submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging is a major problem affecting the production quality of rare earth steel,and finding a suitable refractory outlet can significantly reduce production costs.To explore the relationship between refractory composition and interface interaction,unprotected coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and SiO2-coated Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories were added to rare earth high-carbon heavy rail steel under laboratory conditions,and the Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractory was found to be more suitable.The results show that,from the epoxy resin side to the refractory side,the contour of the refractory interface reaction layer can be divided into two main layers:an iron-rich reaction layer and an iron-poor reaction layer.Calculations based on the spherical model suggest that the adhesion force is proportional to the size of the refractory particles and inclusions,and the same result applies to the surface tension.Controlling the inclusions at a smaller size has a specific effect on alleviating the erosion of refractories.Combined with the erosion mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories,the interface reaction mechanism between Al_(2)O_(3)–MgO refractories and molten steel was proposed,which provides ideas for solving SEN clogging.

Effect of cerium addition on non-metallic inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel

Effects of varied levels of cerium(28×10-6,65×10^(-6) and 150×10^(-6))on inclusions in a high-carbon chromium bearing steel at different stages(before adding cerium,after adding cerium for 1,5,10 min and ingot)were studied using laboratory experiments.An automatic scanning electron microscope system with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the amount,composition,size and morphology of inclusions in the steel at different stages.When the cerium content in the molten steel increased from 0 to 150×10^(-6),the evolution sequence of inclusions was as follows:Al_(2)O_(3)→CeAl11O18→CeAlO_(3)→Ce_(2)O_(2)S.After 28×10^(-6) cerium was added,Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions were modified into CeAl_(11)O_(18) inclusions in the molten steel and then were further transformed into Al2O3 and CeAlO3 inclusions in the solid steel during cooling.With the addition of 65×10^(-6) cerium,inclusions in the molten steel were modified into CeAlO_(3) and a small number of Ce2O2S inclusions.When the addition amount of cerium increased to 150×10^(-6),inclusions were transformed to Ce_(2)O_(2)S.The size of inclusions in the molten steel decreased obviously with cerium addition.On the other hand,the size of inclusions increased during the cooling process in solid steels of No.1 steel(with 28×10^(-6) cerium)and No.2 steel(with 65×10^(-6) cerium).During the cooling process,unmodified MnS inclusions were precipitated in the solid steel of No.1 steel and wrapped outside the Al2O3 and CeAlO_(3) inclusions to form large complex inclusions.During the cooling process of No.2 steel,the inclusion size of CeAlO_(3) increased due to the collision and polymerization.In the No.3 steel(with 150×10^(-6) cerium),the average size of inclusions decreased rapidly and remained at a lower size during the cooling process,which was beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the steel.

煤矿负碳高效充填开采理论与技术构想

矿山安全高效绿色低碳开采是永恒的主题,近零冲击地压、近零生态损害以及低碳、零碳、负碳的绿色开采将成为保障我国能源安全供应与绿色低碳发展的新要求。充填开采是实现这一要求的必然途径。然而,现有充填开采原理与技术装备体系难以突破高产高效、低碳开采的技术瓶颈,对充填材料及充填模式进行变革已势在必行。针对“千米深井资源开发和千万吨产能矿井充填(两个一千)”与“近零生态损害和近零冲击地压(两个近零)”的煤炭绿色低碳开采战略目标,提出了负碳高效充填开采技术全新构想,系统阐述了负碳高效充填开采的定义与科学内涵,提出和建立了由CO_(2)、矸石与快速胶结物混合而成的负碳高孔隙充填材料结构CGIF(CO_(2)Gangue Inorganic Framework)拓扑构型与强度理论以及CGIF混合物充填体固碳理论、快速黏凝胶结材料反应动力学理论、矿区充填开采防治冲击地压等负碳高效充填理论构想;提出了矸石快速高效胶结高孔隙充填材料制备技术、快速黏凝胶结材料绿色高效制备技术、CGIF充填体负碳高效充填开采技术、多面并采高效充填开采技术与工艺、全周期立体高效充填开采防冲技术等关键技术体系。在此基础上,明确了煤矿负碳高效充填开采“基础研究—技术攻关—工程示范”的“三阶段”发展规划,构建了煤矿负碳高效充填开采理论与技术体系构想;评估了煤矿负碳高效充填CO_(2)封存能力,可望实现煤炭负碳开采、低碳利用的煤炭开发利用全过程自身实现碳中和的新格局。

川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩气勘探成果及方向展望

基于构造、岩心、测井等资料,采用电镜扫描、低温N_(2)吸附实验、高压压汞实验、盆地模拟等手段,系统分析了川东红星地区中上二叠统页岩的沉积演化、储层特征及页岩气富集模式,明确了勘探有利区,总结了勘探成果及意义。研究结果表明:(1)红星地区中上二叠统的沉积演化表现为:栖霞组—茅口组三段为开阔台地相;茅四段底部为台地-陆棚相,相带变化快,茅四段顶部为斜坡-陆棚相,地层被剥蚀、南厚北薄;吴家坪组一段(吴一段)底部为海陆过渡滨岸沼泽-潟湖相,吴一段顶部为台地-斜坡-陆棚相,斜坡-陆棚相带分布范围小、相变快;吴二段为斜坡-陆棚相沉积,从早至晚依次受控于古气候、火山活动和古气候、火山活动,沉积中—晚期古生产力较高,TOC均值大于8.00%。(2)研究区茅四段及吴二段陆棚相区发育2套优质页岩,具有“高有机碳-高灰质”的特征,富有机质页岩厚度分别为19 m和25 m,孔隙类型以有机孔为主,结构以微孔和介孔为主;富碳凝灰岩薄夹层混合质页岩岩相、高碳凝灰岩薄夹层硅质页岩为优质岩相,孔隙度分别为6.27%和6.43%,TOC值分别为10.11%和9.35%,含气饱和度分别为92.59%和91.81%,脆性指数分别为55.24%和61.19%,是地质和工程的双“甜点”段。(3)研究区二叠系广泛发育的层状藻为主要有机质来源;在侏罗纪主排烃期,其构造稳定、二叠系烃源岩排烃较少,中侏罗纪—早白垩纪早期为主生气期,构造活动较弱,页岩气的保存条件好,现今已完成生气过程,处于成熟—过成熟阶段,Ro值约2.1%,勘探潜力巨大。(4)建南、龙驹坝、三星区块为有利勘探区,其中建南区块潜力最大;茅四段(3)小层及吴二段(3)小层为优质层系的靶窗层段。

桑托斯盆地盐下孤立碳酸盐台地沉积建造与深水大油田

针对桑托斯被动陆缘盆地深水盐下碳酸盐岩储层分布特征及大油田成藏规律不清的难题,综合利用地质、地震及岩心等数据资料,通过早白垩世原型盆地与岩相古地理恢复重建,提出盐下碳酸盐岩沉积建造受控于坳间断隆型和坳中断凸型两类孤立台地。坳间断隆型孤立台地分布于现今盐下坳间隆起带上,建造于早期陆内和陆间裂谷两个原型阶段继承性发育的单断式和双断式垒式断块上,早白垩世陆内裂谷晚期沉积的ITP组介壳灰岩和陆间裂谷早期沉积的BVE组微生物灰岩为连续建造;坳中断凸型孤立台地分布于现今盐下坳陷带中,建造于早期陆内裂谷原型阶段火山岩建隆所形成的凸起带上,发育BVE组微生物灰岩。两类孤立台地灰岩所形成礁滩体均具有储层厚度大、物性好的特点。结合盐下已发现大油田解剖,发现两类台地均可形成大型构造-岩性复合圈闭,周缘为优质湖相和潟湖相烃源岩环绕,上覆为巨厚的优质蒸发盐岩盖层高效封堵,形成了“下生中储上盖”式最佳生储盖组合关系,油气富集程度高。已发现大油田均为具有统一压力系统的底水块状油田,且均处于充满状态。未来勘探重点目标是西部隆起带和东部隆起带南段上的坳间断隆型孤立台地及中央坳陷带中的坳中断凸型孤立台地。该项研究成果为在桑托斯被动陆缘盆地超前选区选带、新项目评价及中标区块探区勘探部署提供了重要依据,也为今后在全球被动大陆边缘盆地深水勘探战略选区提供借鉴。

京津冀地区大气污染物与二氧化碳的协同减排分析

推进减污降碳协同增效成为社会经济高质量发展的客观要求。基于协同控制效应坐标系、单指标协同减排弹性和协同减排协同度等多维度协同减排分析方法,对2013—2019年京津冀地区CO_(2)排放量与SO_(2)、NO_(x)、烟粉尘的排放特征和协同减排水平进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)近年来,京津冀地区的CO_(2)排放量整体上处于增长的平台期,三类大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(x)、烟粉尘)实现了不同程度的减排,然而与全国对比,京津冀地区减污降碳协同增效工作仍面临较大压力。(2)京津冀地区CO_(2)与SO_(2)、NO_(x)和烟粉尘三类大气污染物之间存在不连续的协同减排年份、不稳定的协同减排交叉弹性、中低程度的耦合协同度,反映了该区域协同减排程度均处于较低水平,尚未形成稳定的减污降碳协同增效状态。在绿色低碳高质量发展目标引领下,提出如下建议:(1)加快推动污染末端治理向源头治理转变,从源头上实现产业发展和能源消费的低碳化。(2)将产业结构优化作为推进京津冀减污降碳的主要途径,统筹规划项目布局和产能分配。(3)发展能源替代和节能减排,优化调整京津冀的能源消费结构。

辊模在高碳钢丝连续拉拔中的应用

采用2种拉拔应变对高碳钢丝进行辊模拉拔,并与传统拉拔对比。结果表明:在拉拔应变1.12时,辊模拉拔钢丝的抗拉强度、扭转性能、弯曲性能、金相组织、捻制断丝率与传统拉拔相近;在拉拔应变2.21时,辊模拉拔和传统拉拔相比,钢丝抗拉强度更高,扭转性能、弯曲性能较差,金相组织不均匀程度更大,捻制断丝率明显升高。在钢丝材质、机床功率、拉拔速度、道次压缩率等因素相同的情况下,辊模拉拔的能耗和传统拉拔相近。

高碳排制造业发展质量提升研究——基于碳韧性的新思路

推动高碳排制造业低碳发展是实现制造业整体转型升级的关键。首先,考虑到高碳排制造业新的治理需求,借鉴韧性理论提出碳韧性的新概念。其次,从制度、技术、经济3个方面探究“双碳”目标下高碳排制造业面临的外部冲击,识别出稳定性、适应性和进化性三维韧性特征,基于三维韧性特征构建高碳排制造业碳韧性测度体系。最后,测算2011—2021年5个高碳排制造业的碳韧性和发展质量,通过回归分析讨论碳韧性三维特征对制造业发展质量的影响。研究发现:碳韧性对高碳排制造业发展质量提升具有显著正向影响,其中适应性影响程度最高、进化性次之、稳定性最弱。根据影响差异,从政府和行业两个视角分别提出相关政策建议。从碳韧性新视角提出高碳排制造业发展质量提升的新思路,在产业治理领域形成新研究进路。

高压二氧化碳处理对桑椹原汁杀菌效果和品质稳定性的影响

为探讨高压二氧化碳处理(HPCD)对桑椹原汁杀菌效果的影响,以温度、压力、时间为自变量,以菌体致死率和褐变度为因变量,通过单因素和响应面试验优化最佳杀菌条件.结果表明,温度、压力均对桑椹原汁杀菌效果有显著影响,当压力为30 MPa,时间49 min,温度48℃,菌体致死率能达到4.10,在此条件下处理的桑椹原汁25℃贮藏60 d后,其花色苷含量、白藜芦醇含量、褐变度、菌落总数、 Vc含量、风味均优于传统热杀菌处理的桑椹原汁.结论:HPCD可实现在温和条件下对桑椹原汁达到理想的杀菌效果,同时能有效延长其保质期.

绿色金融体系如何推动经济绿色转型

绿色金融体系可以从根本上支持绿色经济的发展,是建设金融强国的必然选择。当前,我国绿色金融体系在顶层设计、产品和服务设计、风险管理和信息披露、地方绿色金融改革创新试验区以及国际合作等多个方面均呈现良好的发展态势,但仍面临发展方式转型和社会问题改善等新挑战新要求。未来,要通过发展转型金融,加强气候风险管理,连接绿色金融与科技金融,促进绿色金融与普惠金融结合,利用数字金融赋能绿色金融等有效途径,推动绿色金融更好助力我国经济高质量发展。

碳同位素分馏效应对深层原油来源判识的影响

深层烃源岩演化程度高,随成熟度升高,原油中生物标志化合物含量大幅度减少,影响了利用常规生物标志化合物参数进行油源对比的可靠性。针对如何更好地利用δ^(13)C_(PDB)值进行深层原油来源判识,通过渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷烃源岩自然演化剖面中可溶有机质、烃源岩生排烃物理模拟实验产物4种族组分δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的分析,结合烷烃质量分数特征,探讨了深层烃源岩原油碳同位素分馏效应,提出利用δ^(13)C_(PDB)值进行深层原油来源判识的工作思路和方法。深层烃源岩因高热演化程度而产生的碳同位素分馏效应是明显的,烃源岩可溶有机质的烷烃、芳烃、非烃和沥青质4种族组分δ^(13)C_(PDB)值随埋深的增加均发生了明显增大现象,其中烷烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值变化最明显,达5‰以上,芳烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值约为4‰,非烃和沥青质δ^(13)C_(PDB)的变化相对较小,约为2‰~3‰。随埋深的增加可溶有机质中烷烃质量分数由40%左右增至80%以上,相应烷烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值由-30‰左右增至-24‰以上,且烷烃质量分数与其δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的变化有很好相关性。同一类型烃源岩样品生排烃物理模拟产物族组分δ^(13)C_(PDB)值也显示了相似的结果,烷烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的变化幅度最大可达4‰,而芳烃、非烃、沥青质的δ^(13)C_(PDB)值变化相对较小,约为1‰~3‰。利用碳同位素进行深层原油来源判识时,首先根据烷烃质量分数与烷烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值的相关性判断是否存在热演化造成的碳同位素分馏效应,并对烷烃δ^(13)C_(PDB)值进行合理恢复,然后再利用恢复后的δ^(13)C_(PDB)值进行原油来源的合理判识。依照上述方法对准噶尔盆地西缘车排子凸起轻质油来源进行了判识,轻质油的碳同位素明显存在热演化造成的分馏效应,轻质油源自深部二叠系高成熟烃源岩的可能性很大,这对该地区油气勘探目标评价部署工作具有重要实践意义。

银企信贷复杂网络下的银行业系统性风险研究——基于高碳行业视角

碳减排压力下,高碳企业向低碳转型内生的“转型风险”可能成为引发下一场系统性金融风险的“绿天鹅”事件。基于2013-2022年14个高碳行业的银企贷款数据,首先采用“银企”二分网络法,以高碳企业预期违约率作为风险传染强度指标,纵向度量“银企”的风险传导路径。研究发现银企间网络规模逐年扩大,尾部风险突出集中于化工行业,且主要由股份制商业银行承受。其次运用“银银”映射网络法,以银行间共同风险敞口作为风险传染强度指标,横向度量“银银”的风险传导路径。研究发现城市商业银行与农村商业银行日渐成为系统重要性银行,风险承担愈加凸显;国有控股大型商业银行自身输出较大银行间尾部风险,其对风险的扩散或防御至关重要。最后基于复杂网络筛选出系统重要性银行与风险传染性银行,运用动态CoVaR法度量尾部溢出的系统性风险贡献强度,全面捕捉风险从高碳企业到金融机构间“自下而上的风险测度逻辑”,从而为监管部门构建“自上而下的风险监管逻辑”提供现实依据。在“双碳”战略下,应出台专门的信贷支持政策推动重点行业实施节能减排,立足“银企”信贷网络的全局开展差异化管理和全面风险评估,在逆周期缓冲资本监管框架的挂钩变量中引入高碳行业尾部风险的新视角。

高碳铬铁渣微表处混合料路用性能研究

针对道路养护工程优质石料资源匮乏,高碳铬铁渣大多采用堆存处理且利用率低等问题,将高碳铬铁渣分别以0%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%的掺量替换常规微表处混合料,通过湿轮磨耗试验、车辙试验、黏聚力试验和构造深度试验研究不同高碳铬铁渣掺量下的微表处混合料的路用性能。试验结果表明:高碳铬铁渣掺量为20%时,混合料的耐磨耗性能和水稳定性与常规微表处混合料相近,抗车辙性能略有下降,早期强度和抗滑性能均优于常规微表处混合料。