Vulnerability assessment of UAV engine to laser based on improved shotline method

Laser anti-drone technology is entering the sequence of actual combat,and it is necessary to consider the vulnerability of typical functional parts of UAVs.Since the concept of"vulnerability"was proposed,a variety of analysis programs for battlefield targets to traditional weapons have been developed,but a comprehensive assessment methodology for targets'vulnerability to laser is still missing.Based on the shotline method,this paper proposes a method that equates laser beam to shotline array,an efficient vulnerability analysis program of target to laser is established by this method,and the program includes the circuit board and the wire into the vulnerability analysis category,which improves the precision of the vulnerability analysis.Taking the UAV engine part as the target of vulnerability analysis,combine with the"life-death unit method"to calculate the laser penetration rate of various materials of the UAV,and the influence of laser weapon system parameters and striking orientation on the killing probability is quantified after introducing the penetration rate into the vulnerability analysis program.The quantitative analysis method proposed in this paper has certain general expansibility,which can provide a fresh idea for the vulnerability analysis of other targets to laser.

Accurate analysis of limiting human dose of non-lethal laser weapons

In order to maximize the lethality and reversibility of the non-lethal laser weapons(NLLW) at the same time and thus provide a theoretical basis for the R&D of laser weapons in the future,this paper accurately analyzed the limiting biological dose of irreversible damage to human skin caused by the NLLW.Firstly,based on the burn theory in medicine and the actual tactical background,this paper redefines the evaluation criteria of the limiting laser dose of NLLW to the human body.Secondly,on the basis of anatomical knowledge,a 5-layer finite element model(FEM) of superficial skin is proposed,constructed and verified,which can accurately describe the limiting reversible damage.Based on the optimized Pennes bioheat transfer equation,the diffusion approximation theory,the modified Beer-Lambert law,the Arrhenius equation,and combined with dynamic thermophysical parameters,this paper highly restored the temperature distribution and accurately solved the necrotic tissue distribution inside the human skin irradiated by 1064 nm laser.Finally,it is concluded that the maximum human dose of the1064 nm NLLW is 8.93 J/cm^(2),8.29J/cm^(2),and 8.17 J/cm^(2) when the light spots are 5 mm,10 mm and15 mm,respectively,and the corresponding output power of the weapon is 46.74 W,173.72 W and384.77 W.Simultaneously,the temperature and damage distribution in the tissue at the time of ultimate damage are discussed from the axial and radial dimensions,respectively.The conclusions and analysis methods proposed in this paper are of great guiding significance for future research in military,medical and many other related fields.

Phase transition model of water flow irradiated by high-energy laser in a chamber

In the absorption chamber of a high-energy laser energy meter, water is directly used as an absorbing medium and the interaction of the high-power laser and the water flow can produce a variety of physical phenomena such as phase transitions. The unit difference method is adopted to deduce the phase transition model for water flow irradiated by a high-energy laser. In addition, the model is simulated and verified through experiments. Among them, the experimental verification uses the photographic method, shooting the distribution and the form of the air mass of water flow in different operating conditions, which are compared with the simulation results. The research shows that it is achievable to reduce the intensity of the phase transition by increasing the water flow, reducing the power intensity of the beam, shortening the distance the beam covers, reducing the initial water temperature or adopting a shorter wavelength laser. The study＇s results will provide the reference for the design of a water-direct-absorption-type high-energy laser energy meter as well as an analysis of the interaction processes of other similar high-power lasers and water flow.

Generation of high-energy dual-wavelength domain wall pulse with low repetition rate in an HNLF-based fiber ring laser

The generation of high-energy dual-wavelength domain wall pulse with a low repetition rate is demonstrated in a highly nonlinear fiber （HNLF）-based fiber ring laser. By introducing the intracavity birefringence-induced spectral filtering effect, the dual-wavelength lasing operation can be achieved. In order to enhance the cross coupling effect between the two lasing beams for domain wall pulse formation, a 215-m HNLF is incorporated into the laser cavity. Experimentally, it is found that the dual-wavelength domain wall pulse with a repetition rate of 77.67 kHz could be efficiently obtained through simply rotating the polarization controller （PC）. At a maximum pump power of 322 mW, the 655-nJ single pulse energy in cavity is obtained. The proposed configuration provides a simpler and more efficient way to generate high energy pulse with a low repetition rate.

Laser Weapons： Blinding Laser Weaponry and Its Discontents

In our highly globalized but culturally divided world whereby so-called defense industry is implied as both innovative and progressive, as contemporaneously the international legal doctrine is conceived to be static and conservative. This doubly bound narrative itself is almost as old as international law wherein the most striking contradictory moments happened in the era of, and between two world wars： In such a way that our thinking of legal and other fields owe much more thereto than we realize today. In this study, it is purported to call attention to some key understandings which may be termed as militarist humanitarianism, humanitarian militarism, or, optimist scientism, and pessimist humanitarianism. As such, it is intended to examine international issues pertaining to humanitarianism and militarism through the lens of different perspectives, doctrine-itself and their history as enshrined in the Protocol IV on Blinding Laser Weapons, issues which are almost totally neglected in the mainstream media and academia.

美国定向能机动近程防空计划进展分析

美国定向能机动近程防空(directed energy maneuver-short range air defense,DE M-SHORAD)计划通过击伤、摧毁或压制旋转翼无人机、固定翼无人机以及火箭弹、火炮炮弹、迫击炮弹(rockets,artillery and mortar,RAM)等威胁目标,为机动部队提供伴随防空,对抗新兴威胁,属于美国陆军防空反导现代化的优先项目之一。首先介绍了DE M-SHORAD研制计划;其次详细分析了系统结构,并由系统参数评估了系统的作战性能;最后梳理了系统的研制进展。通过综合分析可知,DE M-SHORAD系统采用最佳组件,通过快速原型方法实现激光武器系统在装甲车上的集成;为降低技术风险,该计划在发展方式上分为两个阶段,首先集成、测试2 kW~5 kW机动实验型高能激光器(mobile experimental high-energy laser,MEHEL),然后再研制50 kW级的多任务高能激光器(multi-mission high-energy laser,MMHEL)。经计算可得:MEHEL和MMHEL对无人机的最大射程分别约为0.77 km、4.8 km。

机载激光武器试验评估技术研究

由于毁伤机理和使用方法的不同,现有机载武器和传感器的试验方法不适用于机载激光武器。为研究其特殊的试验与评估技术,从国外典型机载激光武器的试验情况着手,分析了主要的试验阶段、试验内容、试验类别、管理特点等,对气动光学特性、出光特性、目标探测识别跟踪、光束控制和杀伤性试验等主要科目的内容、方法进行研究。研究表明,美国为了避免试验技术落后研制技术,采取了多计划安排一体推进、大力构建试验机、建设试验设施和循序渐进开展试验等管理措施促进相关的研究。建议加强试验技术的投入,适时建设体系化试验机,加强测试和靶标等领域的研究,以期为新质武器的成熟和应用提供帮助。

定向能武器在电磁空间的运用

为探讨以激光武器和高功率微波武器为代表的定向能武器在电磁空间中的作战应用,采用演绎和类比的研究方法,从电磁频谱的物理原理和战争基本规律出发,论述电磁空间的基本性质、电磁火力的基本特点、电磁精确战的基本原理,以及定向能武器的基本定位、优势劣势、软硬杀伤。分析定向能武器在电磁空间的信息破坏力与信息创造力,梳理总结定向能武器的主要作战场景及运用方式,最后就加快定向能武器走向实战提出建议。

激光制导武器的作战使用综述

激光制导技术由于其高精度、强抗干扰能力而被广泛应用到武器制导系统中。介绍了激光制导原理、激光制导武器的分类、发展历程、激光制导武器的作战使用情况,分析了影响武器投放精度的干扰因素,为激光制导武器后续的发展和战场使用研究提供借鉴。

基于专利跟踪分析国外激光武器发展情况

针对国外激光武器发展应用情况,在全球专利数据库范围内开展美国、德国、英国、以色列等国外专利检索,获取了2017年以后公开的435项专利;基于专利技术构成分析了解到国外从提升激光器功率、合束效率、光束指向精度与速度等方面,突破高能激光武器作战距离、机动目标跟踪和持续作战能力;从专利区域分布分析了解到,美国的技术创新占国外申请总量的61%,且有54.7%的专利受到了政府资助;针对国外重点项目或政府资助专利进行方案剖析,深度挖掘了核潜艇激光武器和炫目激光武器的技术改进方向。通过国外激光武器专利的跟踪与分析,梳理国外技术发展动向,为我国技术发展与风险防御提供信息支撑。

舰载激光武器打击无人机蜂群毁伤特性研究

舰载激光武器是一种反制无人机蜂群有效、快速、低成本的防御手段。论文针对舰船无人机蜂群反制,分析了舰载激光武器对不同材质的无人机毁伤机理,结合无人机材料激光毁伤阈值,建立了激光武器反制无人机蜂群模型,仿真了不同激光功率条件下对无人机蜂群的有效打击距离,评估分析了激光武器打击无人机蜂群的作战效能,可为后续激光武器协同火力打击无人机提供支撑。

多场景舰炮激光制导弹药照射指示特性研究

为提高舰炮武器系统作战效率,对舰炮激光制导弹药在典型条件下激光照射指示与跟踪探测进行仿真验证。针对舰炮武器系统激光精确制导弹药使用场景,建立了激光照射指示与弹药探测跟踪模型,编制了激光制导光区仿真计算软件,研究了不同气象能见度条件、不同攻击目标、舰艇本舰照射指示、无人机载照射指示等条件下激光精确制导弹药与照射器间的协同方法及指示、探测能力,并进行仿真计算。得到反射激光能量密度随着角度θ_(c)的增大过程中,反射激光的能量密度在逐渐减小,激光入射角度θ_(z)越大,反射激光的能量密度越大,两种照射方式产生的激光制导光区较为接近。无人机激光制导方式与舰船激光制导方式各有优劣,可适用于不同应用场景。

艇载激光武器作战运用展望

艇载激光武器对于潜艇的自我防御和任务拓展有着极大的意义,通过综述激光武器的研究进展,介绍美国激光武器的发展现状以及应用情况,进而提出潜艇加装激光武器的要求。对于艇载激光武器使用时机给出了建议,并分析了艇载激光武器毁伤反潜巡逻机的能力,重点介绍了利用激光武器对抗反潜巡逻机的流程,最后展望了艇载激光武器可以执行的任务类型,为相关领域研究提供参考。

局部解剖结构在激光眼损伤效应观察实验教学中的应用

目的探究应用局部解剖结构在激光眼损伤效应观察实验教学中的效果。方法选取2023年秋季学期参与陆军军医大学军队劳动卫生与作业医学课程学习的2020级预防医学本科生为研究对象,随机分为对照组和试验组。对照组采用传统教学法,试验组在实验课前和课上均安排解剖学相关知识的学习和复习,并在实验课前进行实验相关操作技能的观摩,比较两组教学效果。结果共纳入60名学生,对照组和试验组各30名。与对照组相比,试验组实验操作时间明显减少,实验报告评分更高,教学满意度评分更高,且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论实验课前和课上指导学生补充学习相关解剖学知识,有助于实验教学的顺利进行,达到更好的教学效果。

Comprehensive multiphysics analysis of high-energy nanosecond lasers based on liquid-cooled Nd-doped rods pumped by flashlamps

Ultra-short pulse,ultra-intense(USUI)lasers have become indispensable tools for scientific research.High-energy pump lasers are crucial for ensuring adequate energy and beam quality of these USUI lasers.Pump lasers with rod amplifiers are a cost-effective and reliable option for meeting high-energy pump requirements.However,there is a notable dearth of comprehensive reports on the design of high-energy rod amplifiers.This study provides a detailed analysis of rod amplifiers,focusing primarily on the pump unit utilized at SULF-10 PW and SEL-100 PW prototypes.The analysis covers aspects such as gain management,thermal effects,and spatiotemporal evolution.

机载定向能武器发展趋势及关键技术研究

为应对机载定向能武器对空战的影响,需科学研判其发展状态。首先研究了机载定向能武器的基本概念、作战应用场景、优缺点,分析了国外主要机载高能激光、高功率微波武器发展概况,然后对国外在定向能武器发展方面的主要做法进行研究。国外通过前瞻布局、建立完善管理机构、持续投入、重视配套试验设施建设等方式快速推进机载定向能武器的发展,而机载高能激光武器将是最先实现装备的定向能武器,机载高功率微波武器在短期内的主要形式仍是作为导弹、炸弹的战斗部。机载定向能武器应尽早开展装机试验,持续攻克小型化、高功重比、高效环控、电磁兼容防护等难题,突破作战使用方式、总体设计集成、试验平台构建、试验评估等关键技术,并持续投入、长远布局协同发展、重视通用空中试验平台的建设,加大探索性飞行试验,通过不断的试验促进技术的逐步成熟。

激光制导武器捕获目标能力研究

为研究激光制导武器在海上、陆上等各种环境下捕获目标的能力,建立激光制导武器飞行轨迹、后向散射、目标漫反射等数学模型,通过比较激光制导武器视场角、后向散射功率密度、目标漫反射功率密度来判别制导武器是否能正常捕获目标。设置相关参数后仿真计算表明在相同的条件下,相同的激光武器在海上相比于在陆上等环境中捕获目标时间更晚,捕获距离更近,后向散射更加严重。一般情况下激光制导武器在本照本投初始4.4s时间阶段内后向散射影响较为严重,通过降低激光照射器的出口能量或拉大激光制导武器中轴线与激光照射器光路距离至250m以上可规避后向散射的影响。

Survey and technological analysis of laser and its defense applications

The laser technology has made remarkable progress over the past couple of decades.It is being widely employed in diverse domains,such as holography,space sciences,spectroscopy,medical sciences,micro and power electronics,industrial engineering,and most distinctively,as directed energy military weapons.Owing to their active transmissions,laser systems are similar to microwave radars to some extent;however,unlike conventional radars,the laser operates at very high frequencies thus making it a potent enabler of narrow-beam and high energy aerial deployments,both in offensive and defensive roles.In modern avionics systems,laser target indicators and beam riders are the most common devices that are used to direct the Laser Guided Weapons(LGW)accurately to the ground targets.Additionally,compact size and outstanding angular resolution of laser-based systems motivate their use for drones and unmanned aerial applications.Moreover,the narrow-beam divergence of laser emissions offers a low probability of intercept,making it a suitable contender for secure transmissions and safety-critical operations.Furthermore,the developments in space sciences and laser technology have given synergistic potential outcomes to use laser systems in space operations.This paper comprehensively reviews laser applications and projects for strategic defense actions on the ground or in space.Additionally,a detailed analysis has been done on recent advancements of the laser technology for target indicators and range-finders.It also reviews the advancements in the field of laser communications for surveillance,its earlier state of the art,and ongoing scientific research and advancements in the domain of high energy directed laser weapons that have revolutionized the evolving military battlefield.Besides offering a comprehensive taxonomy,the paper also critically analyzes some of the recent contributions in the associated domains.

国外激光武器及其标准化的研究进展

通过对国外激光武器及其标准化的研究,发现美国、俄罗斯、德国、以色列、英国等世界先进国家都在不同平台上,如飞机、车辆和舰船甚至太空平台上成功进行了激光武器试验验证。低功率激光武器已经投入使用,主要用于非杀伤的干扰和致盲较近距离的光电传感器,以及攻击人眼和一些增强型观测设备。按照现有技术发展水平,高能激光武器今后可望在地面、舰船和空中甚至卫星平台上部署使用,用于战术防空、战区反导和反卫星作战等。国外在激光、激光器件、激光安全、激光器等领域制定了大量的标准,并建立了包括保密管理、安全设计、安全试验等一系列激光武器标准体系。建议我国集中行业优势力量,加快发展陆、海、空、天基平台的高功率战术激光武器,同时关注国外激光武器标准,做好激光武器以及关键部件的标准先期研究工作,规范我国激光武器的设计与制造。

美国激光武器发展建设研究

激光武器作为最先投入作战运用的定向能武器之一,具有光速射击、生效速度快、使用效益高、可控性强等优点,当前,美国以“多域作战”为牵引,不断加强激光武器在陆海空天等作战域的研发与部署。本文全面分析梳理了美国激光武器的顶层规划和发展建设机制,并结合近五年其激光武器技术发展和演示验证情况,对未来一段时间美国激光武器发展策略及发展方向进行了预测,以期为相关领域研究提供一定的参考。