Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Association between medical resources and the proportion of oldest-old in the Chinese population

The potential association between medical resources and the proportion of oldest-old(90 years of age and above)in the Chinese population was examined,and we found that the higher proportion of oldest-old was associated with the higher number of beds in hospitals and health centers.

Incorporating Exercise Efficiency to Evaluate the Accessibility and Capacity of Medical Resources in Tibet, China

Accessibility and capacity of medical resources are key for the health care and emergency response, while the efficiency of the medical resources is very much limited by hypoxia in Tibet, China.Through introducing exercise efficiency, this study explores the accessibility of township residence to county-ship medical resources in Tibet using weighted mean travel time(WMT), and evaluates the medical capacity accordingly.The results show that: 1) the average travel time of township residence to county-level hospital is around2 h by motor vehicle in Tibet.More than half of the population can not reach the county-ship hospital within 1 h, 33.24% of the population can not reach within 2 h, and 3.75% of the population can not reach within 6 h.2) When considering the catchment of the medical resources and the population size, the WMT of the county-ship medical resources ranges from 0.25 h to 10.92 h.3) After adjusted by travel time and exercise efficiency, the county-ship medical capacity became more unequal, with 38 out of 74 counties could not meet the national guideline of 1.8 medical beds per 1000.4) In total, there are 17 counties with good WMT and sufficient medical resources,while 13 counties having very high WMT and low capacity of medical resources in Tibet.In the end, suggestions on medical resources relocation and to improve the capacity are provided.This study provides a method to incorporate exercise efficiency to access the accessibility and evaluate medical capacity that can be applied in high altitude ranges.

Resources for Medical Editors in World Association of Medical Editors

Introduction Established in 1995, WAME （pronounced ＂whammy＂） is a nonprofit voluntary association of editors of peer-reviewed medical journals from countries around the world who seek to foster international cooperation among and education of medical journal editors.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Medical Resources for Epidemic Prevention in the Main Urban Area of Handan City Based on GIS

The spatial distribution of medical resources for epidemic prevention (including a total of 79 facilities in designated hospitals,fever clinics,and primary medical institutions) in the main urban area of Handan City was studied by using three algorithms (average nearest neighbor algorithm,kernel density estimation method and standard deviation ellipse method).The results show that the medical resources for epidemic prevention in the main urban area of Handan City are all in a state of agglomeration,but due to the different functions of different types of medical resources,their distribution range and distribution direction also show different characteristics.Therefore,the spatial balance of comprehensive medical resources in the main urban area of Handan City needs to be further improved.

Smart Dynamic Resource Allocation Model for Patient-Driven Mobile Medical Information System Using C4.5 Algorithm

A mobile medical information system (MMIS) is an integrated application (app) of traditional hospital information systems (HIS) which comprise a picture archiving and communications system (PACS), laboratory information system (LIS), pharmaceutical management information system (PMIS), radiology information system (RIS), and nursing information system (NIS). A dynamic resource allocation table is critical for optimizing the performance to the mobile system, including the doctors, nurses, or other relevant health workers. We have designed a smart dynamic resource allocation model by using the C4.5 algorithm and cumulative distribution for optimizing the weight of resource allocated for the five major attributes in a cooperation communications system. Weka is used in this study. The class of concept is the performance of the app, optimal or suboptimal. Three generations of optimization of the weight in accordance with the optimizing rate are shown.

The Development Opportunities and Dilemmas of Telemedicine - Base on the Perspective of Medical Resource Distribution

Objective To discuss issues related to telemedicine in the context of the“Internet plus”and the prevention of novel coronavirus in early 2020,so as to provide some reference for the rapid development of Internet plus telemedicine.Methods Literature analysis method was used to summarize the current status of telemedicine at home and abroad.Descriptive statistical analysis and comparative analysis were also conducted to analyze the data of population and health in the“China Health Statistical Yearbook”and“China Statistical Yearbook”from 2009 to 2018.Results and Conclusion The distribution of medical demand and medical resources is uneven in 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,such problems are more serious between urban and rural areas in different regions.The population’s demand for medical care and the allocation of medical resources have the characteristics of positive correlation,large urban-rural differences and regional imbalance.Confronted with the situation that the uneven distribution of medical resources provides potential development opportunities for telemedicine and the difficulties in the further development of telemedicine,the government should formulate policies to improve the publicity of telemedicine,setting up a full coverage of telemedicine service system.Besides,hospitals should ensure the information security monitoring.

A Study on Service-Oriented Smart Medical Systems Combined with Key Algorithms in the IoT Environment

A smart medical service system architecture is proposed in this paper to increase medical resource utilization and improve the efficiency of the medical diagnosis process for complex business scenarios in the Medical Internet of Things(MIoT)environment.The resource representation model theory,multi-terminal aggregation algorithm,and the resource discovery algorithm based on latent factor model are also studied.A smart medical service system within the IoT environment is then developed,based on the open source project.Experimental results using real-world datasets illustrate that the proposed smart medical service system architecture can promote the intelligent and efficient management of medical resources to an extent,and assists in the develop towards digitization,intelligence,and precision in the field of medicine.

Medical students’ willingness to work in post-conflict areas: A qualitative study in Sri Lanka

Background: The north-east (NE) region of Sri Lanka observed a critical health workers’ shortage after the long-lasting armed conflict. This study aimed to explore medical students’ attitudes towards working in the NE and to identify factors determining such attitudes. Methods: A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in two medical schools, one in the NE and the other near the capital, in October 2004. Data were qualitatively analysed using the framework approach. Results: Three main themes were identified: 1) Professional motives and career plans;2) Students’ perceptions of the healthcare situation in the NE;and 3) Students’ choice of the NE as a future practice location. It was found that familiarity with the difficulties faced by the NE people was a major motivation for medical students to work in the NE in the future. For NE students, familiarity was linked to their sense of belonging. For non-NE students, their personal experience of the NE familiarized them with the difficult situation there, which positively influenced their willingness to work there. Demotivations to work in the NE were poor working and living conditions, fewer opportunities for postgraduate education, language differences, insecurity, and fear of an unpleasant social response from the NE communities. Conclusions: NE local medical students had a sense of belonging to the NE and compassion for the Tamil people as members of the ethnic group. They were willing to work in the NE if their concerns about difficult working and living conditions and postgraduate education could be solved. Non-NE students who were familiar with the NE situation through their personal experience also showed a willingness to work there;thus, early exposure programmes in medical education might help to increase the health workforce in the NE. It is also expected that non-NE physicians working for the NE people would facilitate reconciliation and the rebuilding of trust between two ethnic groups.

Research of the Exploitation of Human Resources in Blind Prevention and Primary Eye Care

Purpose:This research studied how to establish a relatively advanced blindness prevention and eye care cause in economically underdeveloped countryside.Methods:Ophthalmic vocational schools and professional lectures were held to train“practical type”primary eye care workers for the coumtryside.Further study in high-level(above provincial)hospitals was taken to train blindness preention &eye care backbones and leaders.Results:In 1986,the ratio of the number of the eye care workers of all levels to the number of the whole population in the prefecture was1:26000.In1992,it roseto1:17000.Aneye care network of 222stations had been established in tb countryside.Ten in the 13county hospitals had a seperated ophthalmology ed- partment,in which 3were awarded“National advanced blindness prevention County”.Twenty one hospitals were appointed as the Unit of Surgical Vision-Rehabilitation of Cataract.Blindness prevention and eye care convered1000000population(eye care avaliable within 5kilometers),23.5%of the whol popula-tion.Conclusions:In a demographically large but economically underdexeloped country-side area,the key to wide-range blindness prevention and eye oare is to exploti human resources effectively.We should train“Practical type”primary eye care workers,and have a number of edpartment leaders who are authoritive,influential in this field and ready to sacrifice to this cause.

Telemedicine System Based on Medical Consultation Assistance Integration

With the aging of the global population, how to provide effective telemedicine for the aging population has become a very important issue, especially for the elderly with limited mobility. If there is a complete telemedicine system, it will not only greatly improve medical efficiency. It can reduce the chance of contact between people and avoid the medical risks caused by severe special infectious pneumonia. This paper focuses on the development of a high-efficiency telemedicine system platform that conforms to international standard data exchange formats. This system platform can not only solve the problem of shortage of medical staff but also allow patients to be free from medical outpatient time constraints. Achieve the effect of telemedicine at any time, and digitize the medical process rules to establish a complete online telemedicine system platform.

Dynamics and data fitting of a time-delayed SIRS hepatitis B model with psychological inhibition factor and limited medical resources

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease worthy of attention.Considering the incubation period,psychological inhibition factor,vaccine,limited medical resources and horizontal transmission,an SIRS model is proposed to describe hepatitis B transmission dynamics.In order to describe the behavior changes caused by people's psychological changes,the non-monotonic incidence rate is adopted in the model.We use the saturated treatment rate to describe the limited medical resources.Mathematical analysis shows the existence conditions of the equilibria,forward or backward bifurcation,Hopf bifurcation and the Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation.During the observation of the case data of hepatitis B in China,it is found that there are mainly three features,periodic outbreaks,aperiodic outbreaks,and periodic outbreaks turns to aperiodic outbreaks.According to the above features,we select three different representative regions,Jiangxi,Zhejiang province and Beijing,and then use our model to fit the actual monthly hepatitis B case data.The basic reproduction numbers that we estimated are 1.7712,1.4805 and 1.4132,respectively.The results of data fitting are consistent with those of theoretical analysis.According to the sensitivity analysis of Ro,we conclude that reducing contact,increasing treatment rate,strengthening vaccination and revaccinating can effectively prevent and control the prevalence of hepatitis B.

“大、小、重、慢”疾病定义与全科医生“4善”定位的探讨

随着我国医药卫生体制的深度改革,特别是分级诊疗制度的推进,全科医生在基层医疗保健体系中的角色日益重要。全科医生不仅是居民健康的第一道防线,更是常见疾病预防、诊断、治疗及健康教育的关键执行者。国家对全科医生提出了“小病善治、大病善识、重病善转、慢病善管”的临床定位。本文通过问答形式,分析“小、大、重、慢”疾病的分类与全科医生的“4善”定位,探讨全科医生在新医改时代下的重要职能及挑战。访谈者认为虽然分级诊疗制度旨在优化医疗资源配置,但在实践中仍面临“大、小、重、慢”疾病分类的模糊性和基层医疗资源的不均衡分配等问题。全科医生在这个体系中扮演着至关重要的角色,其需要具备综合的临床诊疗能力,并与专科医生共同制定临床判断标准和诊疗标准。为了应对这些挑战并充分发挥全科医生在现代医疗体系中的作用,迫切需要对全科医学教育和实践进行进一步改革与优化,同时强化全科医生的角色定位,以确保在提升医疗服务质量和效率的同时,实现公平和可持续的健康保障体系。

苜蓿属(Medicago L.)种质资源描述规范和数据标准的制定及应用

依据苜蓿种质资源的特点及研究状况,论述了苜蓿种质资源描述规范、数据标准和数据质量控制规范的制定原则、适用范围、应用措施。对于促进整合全国苜蓿种质资源,规范苜蓿种质资源的搜集、整理、保存、鉴定、评价、信息与实物共享机制的建立具有重要的意义。

医药卫生职业教育数字化资源的开发与利用研究

通过深入分析教育信息化与数字化资源的关系,揭示了数字化资源在医药卫生职业教育中的重要作用。通过总结国际数字化资源开发与利用的经验,分析国内现状,结合医药卫生职业教育的特殊需求,提出优化策略。结果显示,数字化资源有效促进了教育资源共享、个性化学习和学生实践能力的提升。因此,构建完善的数字化资源开发体系、推广智能化服务,对于推动医药卫生职业教育的创新发展具有重要意义。

优质医疗资源下沉基层现状及其对策研究

目的分析重庆市石柱县桥头镇优质医疗资源下沉基层现状及存在的问题,提出针对性的建议与对策,促进优质医疗资源下沉。方法随机抽取330名桥头镇村民开展问卷调查,选取5名桥头镇卫生院工作人员进行定性访谈,采用SPSS 26.0和MAXQDA软件对数据进行分析。结果桥头镇优质医疗资源下沉初见成效,但整体来说仍面临优质医疗资源下沉方式单一、地方财政资金投入不足、卫生院基础建设落后、人才匮乏且专科能力不强、村民就医选择行为固化等问题。结论要加大对桥头镇卫生院财政资金投入力度,强化机构人才队伍和医院信息化建设,完善下沉机制,做好村民医疗政策及健康教育宣传工作等,促进优质医疗资源下沉。

A DYNAMIC ALLOCATION MODEL FOR MEDICAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTROL OF INFLUENZA DIFFUSION

In this paper, we develop a unique time-varying forecasting model for dynamic demand of medical resources based on a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered （SEIR） influenza diffusion model. In this forecasting mechanism, medical resources allocated in the early period will take effect in subduing the spread of influenza and thus impact the demand in the later period. We adopt a discrete time-space network to describe the medical resources allocation process following a hypothetical influenza outbreak in a region. The entire medical resources allocation process is constructed as a multi-stage integer programming problem. At each stage, we solve a cost minimization sub-problem subject to the time-varying demand. The corresponding optimal allocation result is then used as an input to the control process of influenza spread, which in turn determines the demand for the next stage. In addition, we present a comparison between the proposed model and an empirical model. Our results could help decision makers prepare for a pandemic, including how to allocate limited resources dynamically.

Medical Information Resources Development in China

This paper expatiates on the recent medical information resource development and utilization in China. A comparison isdrawn between the medical information resource development and utilization in China and developed countries in five aspects: outlay of medical information resources, constructing and sharing of medical information resources, medical information policy and related rules of law, revelation of library collections and quadratic exploiture, etc. Finally some suggestions are put forward for the medical information resource development in China.

Application of Blockchain Technology in Optimizing Resource Allocation Efficiency

Based on the existing literature,this paper analyzed and explored the factors that affect the efficiency of resource allocation,and evaluated the current situation of resource allocation in various fields.It is found that with the emergence of the new pattern of China’s economic development,the economic growth rate has slowed down,and the method of large-scale production driving economic growth is no longer applicable to the current economic situation.Nowadays,when structural transformation and upgrading have entered a new stage,to achieve the optimization of resource allocation efficiency,it is necessary to start from three aspects:improving information transparency,upgrading industrial structure,and planning government intervention.Through the adaptation analysis of blockchain technology and the existing problems in optimizing resource allocation efficiency,it explored the feasibility of blockchain technology to optimize resource allocation efficiency,and promote economical,efficient and high-quality development.

省级医院优质医疗资源下沉实践与思考

全面深化医疗供给侧结构性改革,作为全周期医疗健康服务体系的重要一环,省级公立医院积极推进多形式医联体建设,促进优质医疗资源均衡布局和扩容下沉,构建分级诊疗服务格局。笔者以河南省人民医院“医院-政府”托管县级公立医院实践为案例,探析其经验做法,从体制机制、技术支撑、人才能力方面剖析存在的问题,并提出针对性建议。