Research on the Integration of Lingnan Culture into“Four Histories”Education for Hong Kong Youth

This study focuses on Hong Kong youth,recognizing them as a vital subject within the context of“four histories”education.From the perspective of the integration of Lingnan culture,it explores the rich resources of Lingnan culture,innovates the narrative system,and explores the path of positive guidance in history education.Responding to the demands of the times,it seeks to alleviate the pressing concerns of Hong Kong society,help Hong Kong youth break down prejudices,gain a comprehensive understanding of China,grasp the development context of modern China,recognize historical trends,undertake national responsibilities,and take on the mission of the times.

Comparison of brain functions between healthy participants and methamphetamine users with various addiction histories:Data analysis based on EEG and fNIRS

The electroencephalogram(EEG)rhythm and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)activation levels have not been compared between a healthy control group(HCG)and methamphetamine user group(MUG)with different addiction histories.This study used 64-electrode EEG and fNIRS to conduct an experiment that analyzed the resting and craving states.The EEG and fNIRS data of 56 participants were collected,including 14 healthy participants,14 methamphetamine users with an addiction history of 0.5–5 years,14 users with an addiction history of 5–10 years,and 14 users with an addiction history of 10–15 years.Isolated effective coherence(iCoh)within the brain network was used to process the EEG data.Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences in iCoh among the delta,theta,alpha,beta,and gamma bands and explore oxyhemoglobin activation levels in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,orbitofrontal cortex,and frontopolar prefrontal cortex(FPC)of the control group.Finally,the Kmeans,Gaussian mixed model(GMM),linear discriminant analysis(LDA),support vector machine(SVM),Bayes,and convolutional neural networks(CNN)algorithms were used to classify methamphetamine users based on drug and neutral images.A 3-class accuracy was achieved.Changes in EEG and fNIRS activation levels of HCG and MUG with varied addiction histories were demonstrated.

Effects of Life Histories on Genome Size Variation in Squamata

Genome size changes significantly among taxonomic levels,and this variation is often related to the patterns shaped by the phylogeny,life histories and ecological factors.However,there are mixed evidences on the main factors affecting molecular evolution in animals.In this study,we used phylogenetic comparative analysis to investigate the evolutionary rate of genome size and the relationships between genome size and life histories(i.e.,hatchling mass,clutch size,clutches per year,age at sexual maturity,lifespan and body mass)among 199 squamata species.Our results showed that the evolutionary rate of genome size in Lacertilia was significantly faster than Serpentes.Moreover,we also found that larger species showed larger hatchling mass,more clutches per year and clutch size and longer lifespan.However,genome size was negatively associated with clutch size and clutches per year,but not associated with body mass we looked at.The findings suggest that larger species do not possess the evolution of large genomes in squamata.

Spatially Different Nutrient Histories Recorded by Multiple Cores and Implications for Management in Taihu Lake, Eastern China

The Taihu Lake,a large shallow lake in the floodplain of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in the eastern China,is faced with challenging ecological problems resulting from eutrophication,which has affected the regional freshwater supply of a large population.Although efforts have been made to assess the nutrient evolution histories in the northern bays,little is known regarding nutrient histories in different parts across the entire lake basin.In this paper,we present nutrient histories for different parts of the lake based on chironomid transfer functions applied to four short cores obtained from the northern,western and eastern regions of the lake.The chironomid-inferred total phosphorus(CI-TP) concentrations were compared with the phosphorus concentrations obtained by using instrumental and sedimentary data.The results suggest that trophic evolution histories were asynchronous throughout the lake during the past decades in response to different ecological regimes controlled by the nutrient input,wind direction and shoreline topography.The restoration of aquatic plants may be an effective option for the management of lake rehabilitation to ′natural′ conditions.Given the multiple factors controlling the biotic communities in such a large and complex lake,combined analyses among the multi-proxies encountered in the sediments are necessary for comprehensive insight into paleolimnological studies.The spatial heterogeneity in the ecological trajectories within this complicated ecosystem suggests that different management practices should be undertaken for specific lake zones in the Taihu Lake.

The Silk Road(丝绸之路)and Sources of Chinese Medicine Expansion: Part Ⅲ-Histories

Medicine and knowledge of medical practice have been exchanged along the Silk Road since antiquity.Medical texts provide the vast majority of information about the drugs,techniques,and ideas that passed from foreign lands into China and became part of Chinese medicine.In addition to the medical corpus,historical works provide the backdrop for how,when,and from where these ideas and medicines entered and influenced Chinese medical practice.Examining the historical texts and the information pertaining to medical exchange can allow us to better understand how foreign cultures and practices of medicine along the Silk Road entered and influenced Chinese Medicine.

Otolith Microstructure Analysis Reveals Different Growth Histories of Japanese Sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) in the Oyashio Waters

After decades of low year classes,the stock of Japanese sardine(Sardinops melanostictus)has begun to recover since the mid-2000s.The hatch dates and otolith growth rates of age-0 juvenile sardine,which were collected in the subarctic Oyashio waters in autumn 2018,were determined from an otolith microstructure analysis.The sardines were hatched from late January to late April,while mostly in February and March.The otolith growth rate increased continuously up to 60 d after hatching and thereafter de-creased.The revealed growth rate in a crucial growth period is faster than that reported for juvenile sardines collected in the 1990s,which is coincided with the recent recovery trend of the sardine stock.Two groups with different hatch dates,growth histories,and migration routes were identified using unsupervised random forest clustering analysis.They were considered inshore and offshore migration individuals in accordance with recent researches.In the offshore group,a high proportion of sardine juveniles hatched late and grew faster in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transitional waters,a finding consistent with the hypothesis of growth-rate-dependent re-cruitment.This finding on the population composition and growth rate of juvenile sardine in the Oyashio waters can be a basis for an improved prediction of their survival and provides us with valuable information on the recruitment processes of this stock during the period of stock recovery.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE CARTOGRAPHIC HISTORIES BETWEEN CHINA AND THE WEST

Analysis of space shifting of geodetic center of China and the West,reveals that the China's geodetic center has been in coincidence with its political center. Furthermore the development of the maps in Europe was controlled by developmat of economy. Thereupon, maps in China and the West were developing in their own ways, and thus formed two different cartographic systems.Although China has a splendid cartogrphic history, it has not yet got many great breakthroughs. The reasons are as follows : 1. The theory of round earth has never occupied the ruling place, instead, the theory of flat earth took the dominant position. Thus the geodetic frameworks of China are not scientific. 2. Owing to the trammels of the theory that China is the whole earth, the Chinese geodetic workers have been limited in China's area. 3. Exchange between the East and the Weat is too late. The Chinese geodetic workers took a long time to accept the West geodetic technology. on the contrary, the West has absorbed the geodetic technology and results of China. 4. China's anciat gcodotic workers usually stopped after getting a little knowledge of a subject. They should have made great breakthroughs in geodetic area. Nevertheless, they failed.

The Effect of Food Images on Mood and Arousal Depends on Dietary Histories and the Fat and Sugar Content of Foods Depicted

Background: While brain imaging studies show that reward regions in the human brain that regulate reward-guided behavior and integrate sensory modalities of smell, taste, and texture respond preferentially to high calorie foods, few studies account for dietary histories or account for recent behavioral evidence showing preferential responding for fruits (a low calorie food that tastes sweet). To address these concerns, the present study tested the hypothesis that images of high/low fat and sugar foods, even sugary foods that are low calorie (i.e., fruits), will enhance emotional responsiveness and that these changes may be related to dietary histories with fat and sugar intake. Method: Participants were shown 4 sets of 15 food images with each food image automatically timed every 9 s to transition to a new food image;participant pre-post mood and arousal was measured. The 4 sets of food images were high fat-high sugar (HFHS;desserts), high fat-low sugar (HFLS;fried foods), low fat-high sugar (LFHS;fruits), or low fat-low sugar (LFLS;vegetables) foods. To account for dietary histories, participants also completed estimated daily intake scales (EDIS) for sugar and fat. Results: Mood and arousal significantly increased in all groups, except Group LFLS, and even in a group that was low calorie but shown foods that taste sweet, i.e., Group LFHS. Interestingly, changes in arousal, but not mood, were dependent on participant histories with sugar and fat intake. Conclusion: Changes in emotional responsiveness to food images were nutrient-specific, which can be a more detailed level of analysis for assessing responsiveness to food images. Also, participant histories with sugar and fat should be taken into account as these histories can explain the changes in arousal observed here.

Envelope Functions of Time Histories in Seismic Safety Evaluation and Scenario Earthquakes

It has been a period of time since the concept of scenario earthquake was proposed, but this concept has rarely been used in seismic safety evaluation in China since then. Meanwhile, because of the uncertainties of magnitudes-distances pairs, there is large arbitrariness while determining the envelope function of time histories in seismic hazard analysis. In this paper, we describe a method to control the envelope functions of the time histories by introducing the most-likely combinations of magnitude and distance of the scenario earthquakes based on a probabilistic method, revise the software of the ellipse model for seismic hazard analysis, and give a computation example.

A new method to reconstruct hydrocarbon-generating histories of source rocks in a petroleum-bearing basin——the method of geological and geochemical sections

Via investigating typical Palaeozoic and Mesozoic petroleum-bearing basins in China by using thermal maturation theories of organic matter to improve the conventional Karweil’s method, a new method to reconstruct hydrocarbon-generating histories of source rocks has been suggested. This method, combining geological background with geochemical information makes the calculated VRo closer to the measured one. Moreover, it enables us to make clear the hydrocarbon generation trend of source rocks during geological history. The method has the merits of simple calculation and objective presentation, especially suitable to basins whose sedimentation and tectonic movements are complicated.

Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous system.Recent evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to axons.Despite the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is lacking.We delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocytes.Indeed,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination preferences.Furthermore,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system region.Age and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric disorders.Nevertheless,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined investigations.Future studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity.Such research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,hold promise for the development of therapeutic interventions targeting varied central nervous system pathology.

＂Symptom of an Era＂： Dung Kai-Cheung＇s Histories of Time

This essay uses the notion of a symptom to examine the ways in which temporality is deployed in Hong Kong author Dung Kai-Cheung＇s 2007 novel, Histories o^Time. In particular, the essay follows Dung＇s own lead, in Histories of Time, and considers the peculiar temporality implicit in the concept of figuration in Biblical hermeneutics, wherein the ＂figure＂ mediates between the two distinct--yet structurally related--temporalities of the Old and the New Testaments： the ＂prefiguration＂ of the Old Testament and the ＂fulfillment of figuration＂ of the New Testament. I propose that a literary ＂figure,＂ in Dung＇s work, similarly mediates between the different temporal planes within his novel, while at the same time mediating between the fictional space of the novel and the historical era within which the work is positioned. Just as a symptom is simultaneously a function of--but also structurally external to--the underlying condition that it signifies, this sort of literary figure may similarly be seen as a function of--but simultaneously external to--the historical era to which it corresponds. This sort of literary figure, accordingly, marks a point of rupture within the temporality of the novel and its corresponding era, while at the same time providing the ground on which that temporal continuum is established in the first place.

Local Histories in Global Perspective： A Local Elite Fellowship in the Port City of Quanzhou in Seventeenth-Century China

The Great Mosque of Quanzhou, as a distinctive community center, bound its residents through religious, professional, and educational ties; it also linked the mosque community to other communities with bonds of shared Muslim identity and minority status. The Great Mosque was rebuilt in 1609 under the supervision of the Confucian scholar Li Guangjin. This significant event is evidence of a local elite fellowship in seventeenth-century Quanzhou consisting of three well-known Confucian scholars--Li Zhi, Li Guangjin, and He Qiaoyuan--who had close ties to their Muslim neighbors. They left meticulous records of merchants, particularly Muslim traders. This paper focuses on the fellowship among the three men in order to investigate Quanzhou＇s connections to the broader world of global commercial and religious networks and to look more closely at local community life.

The Many Facets of History:A Study on the Accounts of the Dunkirk Evacuation

This paper adopts a New Historicism approach to examine the shaping of the history of the Dunkirk evacuation through an analysis of Winston Churchill’s historic speech We Shall Fight on the Beaches,Ian McEwan’s novel Atonement,and Christopher Nolan’s film Dunkirk.The research reveals that by uncovering and representing the neglected stories of marginalized groups in Atonement and Dunkirk,new evidentiary threads both enrich and contest the History embodied in Churchill’s speech.Consequently,these alternative accounts both challenge and complement the prevailing historical discourse.

Impacts of Early Pleistocene glacial vicariance among refugial lineages and Mid-Late Pleistocene interglacial dispersal and expansion on forging population genetic structure of the giant clam Tridacna squamosa(Bivalvia:Cardiidae:Tridacninae)across the Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific oceans

This study aims at identifying the microevolutionary processes responsible for the onset of the remarkable phylogeographic structure already recorded for the endangered giant clam Tridacna squamosa across its distribution range.For this purpose,the evolutionary,biogeographic and demographic histories of the species were comprehensively reconstructed in a mitochondrial dataset comprising nearly the whole available published cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene sequences of T.squamosa.Relatively higher level of genetic diversification was unveiled within T.squamosa,in comparison to earlier macro-geographic investigations,whereby five mitochondrial clusters were delineated.The resulting divergent gene pools in the Red Sea,western Indian Ocean,Indo-Malay Archipelago and western Pacific were found to be driven by Early Pleistocene glacial vicariance events among refugial lineages.Accentuated genetic diversification of the species across the Indo-Malay Archipelago was successively triggered by historical dispersal event during the Mid-Pleistocene MIS19c interglacial.This latter historical event might have also enabled genetically distinct giant clams from the Indo-Malay Archipelago to subsequently colonize the western Pacific,accounting for the genetic diversity hotspot detected within this region(comprising three divergent mitochondrial clusters).Late Pleistocene demographic expansion of T.squamosa,during the Last Interglacial period,could have contributed to forging spatial distribution of the so far delineated genetic entities across the Indo-Western Pacific.Overall,being resilient to major climate shifts during the Pleistocene through adaptation and consequent diversification,T.squamosa could be used as a model species to track the impact of climate change on genetic variability and structure of marine species.In particular,the new information,provided in this investigation,may help with understanding and/or predicting the consequences of ongoing global warming on genetic polymorphism of endangered coral reef species among which Tridacna sp.are listed as ecologically important.

Conservation genomic investigation of an endangered conifer,Thuja sutchuenensis,reveals low genetic diversity but also low genetic load

Endangered species generally have small populations with low genetic diversity and a high genetic load.Thuja sutchuenensis is an endangered conifer endemic to southwestern China.It was once considered extinct in the wild,but in 1999 was rediscovered.However,little is known about its genetic load.We collected 67 individuals from five wild,isolated T.sutchuenensis populations,and used 636,151 SNPs to analyze the level of genetic diversity and genetic load in T.sutchuenensis to delineate the conservation units of T.sutchuenensis,based on whole transcriptome sequencing data,as well as target capture sequencing data.We found that populations of T.sutchuenensis could be divided into three groups.These groups had low levels genetic diversity and were moderately genetically differentiated.Our findings also indicate that T.sutchuenensis suffered two severe bottlenecks around the Last Glaciation Period and Last Glacial Maximum.Among Thuja species,T.sutchuenensis presented the lowest genetic load and hence might have purged deleterious mutations efficiently through purifying selection.However,distribution of fitness effects analysis indicated a high extinction risk for T.sutchuenensis.Multiple lines of evidence identified three management units for T.sutchuenensis.Although T.sutchuenensis possesses a low genetic load,low genetic diversity,suboptimal fitness,and anthropogenic pressures all present an extinction risk for this rare conifer.This might also hold true for many endangered plant species in the mountains all over the world.

Reconstruction of Knowledge and Medical Images in the Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine:Taking “Sweet Meat” as an Example

The pancreas is neither part of the five Zang organs(五脏) nor the six Fu organs(六腑).Thus,it has received little attention in Chinese medical literature.In the late 19th century,medical missionaries in China started translating and introducing anatomical and physiological knowledge about the pancreas.As for the word pancreas,an early and influential translation was “sweet meat”(甜肉),proposed by Benjamin Hobson(合信).The translation “sweet meat” is not faithful to the original meaning of “pancreas”,but is a term coined by Hobson based on his personal habits,and the word “sweet” appeared by chance.However,in the decades since the term “sweet meat” became popular,Chinese medicine practitioners,such as Tang Zonghai(唐宗海),reinterpreted it by drawing new medical illustrations for “sweet meat” and giving new connotations to the word “sweet”.This discussion and interpretation of “sweet meat” in modern China,particularly among Chinese medicine professionals,is not only a dissemination and interpretation of the knowledge of “pancreas”,but also a construction of knowledge around the term “sweet meat”.

Alanine aminotransferase predicts incident steatotic liver disease of metabolic etiology: Long life to the old biomarker!

Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)serum levels increase because of hepatocellular damage.Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which identifies steatotic liver disease(SLD)associated with≥2 metabolic abnormalities,has prominent sexual differences.The Metabolic Syndrome defines a cluster comprising abdominal obesity,altered glucose metabolism,dyslipidemia,and hypertension.Male sex,body mass index,glucose,lipids,ferritin,hypertension,and age independently predict ALT levels among blood donors.Over the last few decades,the reference range of ALT levels has been animatedly debated owing to attempts to update sex-specific reference ranges.With this backset,Chen et al have recently published a study which has two main findings.First,>80%of indi-viduals with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Second,there was a linear increa-sing trend in the association between cumulative excess high-normal ALT levels and the rate of incident MAFLD.This study has biologically credible findings.However,it inaccurately considered sex differences in the MAFLD arena.Therefore,future studies on SLD owing to metabolic dysfunction should adopt locally determined and prospectively validated reference ranges of ALT and carefully consider sex differences in liver enzymes and MAFLD pathobiology.

Machine learning prediction models for ground motion parameters and seismic damage assessment of buildings at a regional scale

This study examines the feasibility of using a machine learning approach for rapid damage assessment of rein-forced concrete(RC)buildings after the earthquake.Since the real-world damaged datasets are lacking,have limited access,or are imbalanced,a simulation dataset is prepared by conducting a nonlinear time history analy-sis.Different machine learning(ML)models are trained considering the structural parameters and ground motion characteristics to predict the RC building damage into five categories:null,slight,moderate,heavy,and collapse.The random forest classifier(RFC)has achieved a higher prediction accuracy on testing and real-world damaged datasets.The structural parameters can be extracted using different means such as Google Earth,Open Street Map,unmanned aerial vehicles,etc.However,recording the ground motion at a closer distance requires the installation of a dense array of sensors which requires a higher cost.For places with no earthquake recording station/device,it is difficult to have ground motion characteristics.For that different ML-based regressor models are developed utilizing past-earthquake information to predict ground motion parameters such as peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity.The random forest regressor(RFR)achieved better results than other regression models on testing and validation datasets.Furthermore,compared with the results of similar research works,a better result is obtained using RFC and RFR on validation datasets.In the end,these models are uti-lized to predict the damage categories of RC buildings at Saitama University and Okubo Danchi,Saitama,Japan after an earthquake.This damage information is crucial for government agencies or decision-makers to respond systematically in post-disaster situations.