内耳钆增强磁共振3D CUBE FLAIR序列PPI及HYDROPS图像在诊断内淋巴积水中的价值

目的 探讨经静脉注射钆对比剂行内耳增强磁共振三维快速液体衰减反转恢复序列(three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery with CUBE,3D CUBE FLAIR)阳性内淋巴影像(positive perilymph image,PPI)及HYDROPS (HYbriD of reversed image of positive endolymph signal and native image of positive perilymph signal)图像在内淋巴积水(endolymphatic hydrops,EH)中的诊断价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析患侧EH、对侧无EH患者资料及MRI图像22例。应用Image J软件在所获图像上勾画感兴趣区,测量同一图像上患侧及健侧的耳蜗底周与同侧小脑白质区信号强度比(signal intensity ratio,SIR)、同一侧前庭外淋巴与内淋巴间隙SIR;对PPI及HYDROPS图像上患侧耳蜗积水数量及前庭积水边界清晰程度评分。评估两种图像对患侧血-迷路屏障(blood-labyrinth barrier,BLB)通透性改变的显示情况、同侧前庭在两种图像上的成像效果、评估两种图像对耳蜗EH敏感性及前庭EH边界的显示情况。结果 PPI图像中患侧及健侧的耳蜗底周与同侧小脑白质区SIR之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);HYDROPS图像中患侧及健侧耳蜗底周与同侧小脑白质区SIR之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。PPI图像及HYDROPS图像上的患侧前庭外淋巴与内淋巴间隙SIR之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);PPI图像及HYDROPS图像上的健侧前庭外淋巴与内淋巴SIR间隙之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。PPI图像及HYDROPS图像诊断耳蜗EH的敏感性之间的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.030)。PPI图像及HYDROPS图像患侧前庭内淋巴间隙边界清晰程度评分之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 内耳钆增强磁共振3D CUBE FLAIR序列PPI及HYDROPS图像综合应用,有利于评估患侧BLB通透性、积水部位以及前庭EH边界的显示。

Long TR three-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction(3D real IR)for quantifying inner ear endolymphatic hydrops

Objective To observe the value of long TR three-dimensional inversion recovery sequence with real reconstruction(3D real IR)for quantifying inner ear endolymphatic hydrops(EH).Methods Totally 46 Ménière's disease(MD)patients and 21 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled.MR scanning for inner ear based on 3D real IR and 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery(3D FLAIR)sequence 4—6 h after administration of contrast agents were performed.The imaging qualities were scored and compared between groups.The endolymphatic space area and the membranous labyrinth area of cochlea and vestibule,as well as endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage were calculated,the present or not of EH and the grade of EH were evaluated.EH inner ears of MD patients were enrolled in EH group,while inner ears of healthy volunteers were taken as controls(control group).The endolymphatic space area,membranous labyrinth area and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage of cochlea and vestibule were compared between groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to calculate the diagnostic efficacy of the above indexes.Results Cochlear and/or vestibular EH were detected in 56 ears,including cochlear EH in 52 ears and vestibular EH in 45 ears among 46 MD patients(EH group),but not in 42 ears in control group.The subjective quality scores of 3D real IR images were higher than those of 3D-FLAIR(both P<0.05).Quantitative analysis based on 3D real IR images revealed that,compared with control group,significantly larger endolymph areas and endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentages in both cochlea and vestibule were found in EH group(all P<0.001).The area under the curve(AUC)of cochlear or vestibular endolymph/membranous labyrinth area percentage for identifying inner ear EH was 0.999 and 0.985,respectively.Taken 13.64%and 24.13%as the critical value of cochlear or vestibular endolymph,the specificity was 100%and 92.86%,respectively,and the sensitivity was 96.43%and 96.43%,respectively.Conclusion MR long TR 3D real IR was helpful to quantifying inner ear EH.

Dexamethasone does not affect endolymphatic hydrops(EH)in patients with Meniere's disease within 24 h,and intratympanic administration of gadolinium plus dexamethasone simplifies high-quality imaging of EH using a novel protocol of 7 min

Background:Intratympanic administration of gadolinium chelate allows for a better visualization of endolymphatic hydrops(EH)using MRI than intravenous injection and was recently further improved to facilitate high-quality imaging of EH in 7 min.The aim of the present study was to simplify the intratympanic administration protocol by mixing gadolinium chelate with therapeutic dexamethasone and to evaluate the effects of this mixture on the visualization of EH in MRI.Materials and methods:In an in vitro study,the potential impact of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid(Gd-DTPA)on the stability of dexamethasone was evaluated by analyzing dynamic changes in dexamethasone with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)after mixing with GdDTPA.Ten patients with definite Meniere's disease(MD)were recruited to study the potential interference of dexamethasone on MRI visualization of EH,and 49 patients with MD were recruited to evaluate the effect of intratympanic injection of Gd-DTPA mixed with dexamethasone on MRI of EH using a 3T MR machine and a novel heavily T2-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery reconstructed using a magnitude plus zero-filled interpolation(hT2FLAIR-MZFI)sequence.Results:The retention times and peak area of dexamethasone in HPLC were not modified by the addition of Gd-DTPA.EH grading in the cochlea and vestibule was not influenced in any ear by intratympanic injection of dexamethasone.Excellent inner ear images were obtained from all patients,and EHs with various grades were displayed.There were significant correlations between diagnosis and cochlear EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),between diagnosis and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho),and between cochlear and vestibular EH(p<0.01,Spearman's Rho).The distribution of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone negatively correlated with the grade of vestibular EH.Injury of the endolymph-perilymph barrier was detected in one cochlea and three vestibules of 59 inner ears with MD.Conclusions:Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone yielded high-quality MRI images of EH in patients with MD using a novel 7-min protocol and simplified the clinical application.Intratympanic administration of Gd-DTPA plus dexamethasone might be used to test its therapeutic effect in future work.

The Role of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patients with Pantonal Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss:A Cause or Secondary Reaction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of endolymphatic hydrops(EH)in both affected and unaffected ears of patients with pantonal unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss(ISSNHL)using three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging(3D-FLAIR MRI)and further evaluate the significance of EH in this disorder.Twenty-seven ISSHL patients were enrolled in this study.3D-FLAIR MRI was performed 24 h after intratympanic injection of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(Gd-DPTA).The incidences of EH in the affected ears and contralateral unaffected ears were compared and the correlations of EH with vertigo or prognosis were analyzed using the Chi-square test.The results showed that the incidence of EH was 68.0%(17/25)in the affected ears and 34.8%(8/23)in the unaffected ears.There was a statistically significant difference between affected ears and unaffected ears in regard to the incidence of EH(P<0.05).There were no significant correlations of EH with vertigo(P=1.000)or with prognosis(P=0.359)in the affected ears.In conclusion,there is EH in the inner ear of patients with pantonal ISSNHL;EH is not related to vertigo,a concomitant symptom of ISSNHL,and the prognosis of this condition.The presence of EH may be a secondary reaction following the impairment of the inner ears with pantonal ISSNHL.

Endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease secondary to otitis media and visualized by gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Aimed to test the hypothesis that endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease(MD) may be secondary to otitis media, history of a patient who developed MD as a complication of otitis media was reviewed. The inner ear was imaged using a 3.0 Tesla MR system post-intravenous injection of gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid(Gd-DOTA) in a standard single dosage(0.1 mmol/kg). Both t2-spc-rst-tra-iso(T2-weighted) and heavily T2-weighted 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging [h T(2)W-3D-FLAIR] sequences were applied. As a result, in the T2-weighted images, the perilymph and endolymph, cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the eighth nerve(N8), and middle ear granulation tissue showed intense signals. In the h T(2)W-3D-FLAIR images, evident enhancement by Gd-DOTA was observed in the middle ear cavity and the perilymphatic compartments of the cochlea. Cochlear endolymphatic hydrops was implicated by the enlarged scala media in the basalturn. In general, the Gd-DOTA uptake in the vestibule was weak, and signs of vestibular endolymphatic hydrops were obvious. The N8 on the diseased side was also significantly enhanced. To conclude, endolymphatic hydrops in MD may be induced by otitis media. Cochlear endolymphatic hydrops in MD secondary to otitis media may not follow the classical pattern.

Different compression sutures combined with intracameral air injection for acute corneal hydrops

·AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of full-thickness sutures combined with intracameral air injection(FTS-AI)versus pre-Descemet’s membrane sutures combined with intracameral air injection(PDS-AI)in the management of acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus.·METHODS:The research included 8 patients(8 eyes)suffering from acute corneal hydrops caused by keratoconus.Four patients were randomly assigned to FTS-AI.And the other four were randomly assigned to PDS-AI.Corneal oedema,visual acuity,corneal thickness were assessed during follow-up.·RESULTS:The demographics,preoperative duration of symptoms and severity of corneal hydrops between the two groups were not significantly different.The mean corneal oedema resolution time after FTS-AI and PDSAI were 11±1.15 and 15±1.41 d,respectively(P=0.005).The maximum corneal thickness of the scarred region decreased in both groups at one week postoperatively(P<0.05).No obvious difference was found in the mean maximal corneal thickness between the two groups postoperatively.The BCVA improved significantly after FTS-AI and PDS-AI at three months postoperatively.No obvious difference was found in the BCVA after FTS-AI and PDS-AI at three months postoperatively.·CONCLUSION:FTS-AI and PDS-AI are safe and effective therapies to accelerate the resolution of corneal oedema in acute corneal hydrops secondary to keratoconus.Despite faster resolution of corneal oedema in the FTS-AI group,we recommend PDS-AI to avoid potential endothelium cell damage.

Correlation of semi-quantitative findings of endolymphatic hydrops in MRI with the audiometric findings in patients with Meniere's disease

Purpose:To investigate the correlation between vestibular hydrops(VH),cochlearhydrops(CH),vestibular aqueduct non-visibility(VANV),and visually increased perilymphatic enhancement(VIPE)with the findings of pure-tone audiometry(PTA)in Meniere’s disease(MD)patients.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,53 ears belonging to 48 patients were divided into two groups and evaluated.In group“MD patients,”there were 24 ears of 19 patients diagnosed with the definite MD(14 patients with unilateral and 5 patients withbilateral involvements).The“control group”consisted of 29 non-symptomatic ears belonging to patients diagnosed with unilateral sudden sensory-neural hearing loss or unilateral schwannoma.All the patients underwent 2 sessions of temporal bone MRI using the same 3T system:an unenhanced axial T1,T2,and 3D-FLAIR MRI,an intravenous gadoliniumenhanced axial T1 fat-sat,and 4 h after the injection,an axial 3D-T2 cube and 3D-FLAIR session.VH,CH,VANV,and VIPE were assessed.Subsequently,the correlation between EH indices and PTA findings(in three frequency domains of low,middle,and high)were evaluated,and the predictive value of MRI was calculated.Results:VH was significantly correlated with the hearing threshold in the low,middle,and highfrequency domains.CH was also correlated with the hearing threshold in the low and middle domains.Contrarily,VIPE was not associated with hearing thresholds,and VANV was only correlated with the hearing threshold in low frequencies.Conclusion:The grade of VH,CH,and VANV were significantly correlated with the hearing thresholds in PTA.

One-step thermokeratoplasty for pain alleviating and pre-treatment of severe acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus

AIM:To observe the efficacy of simplified one-step thermokeratoplasty for the treatment of severe acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus.METHODS:In this retrospective,noncomparative clinical study,10 patients(10 eyes) with acute hydrops in keratoconus were treated with simplified one-step thermokeratoplasty.Pain,changes in the corneal curvature,thickness,and size and morphology of the Descemet membrane breaks were detected before and after surgery.Eight patients were successfully treated using modified deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty(DALK).Graft transparency,visual acuity,and immunological rejection were evaluated for 6 to 12mo.RESULTS:Pain and corneal oedema were promptly alleviated,and the intrastromal ruptures diminished within 3 to 6wk after thermokeratoplasty.At 3 to 6wk after corneal oedema was faded,Descemet membrane breaks and intrastromal ruptures were healed.Two patients did not undergo subsequent corneal transplantation after thermokeratoplasty.Eight patients underwent DALK successfully and safely after thermokeratoplasty,without corneal perforation.Central corneal opacity faded or disappeared within 6mo.The mean best-corrected visual acuity was increased to 20/30 at 12mo after DALK.No one was observed with any immune rejection.CONCLUSION:One-step thermokeratoplasty can successfully and efficiently accelerate the absorption of prominent corneal oedema in severe acute hydrops patients.This simple procedure with no complications can be performed in the emergency department by residents.This method can improve the safety of DALK and obtain good postoperative vision.Long-term management of acute corneal hydrops using simplified one-step thermokeratoplasty seems promising.

Contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops: Clinical features and long term outcome

Background:Contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops(CDEH)is a clinical entity characterized by fluctuating low frequency hearing loss and/or vertigo,mimicking Meniere’s disease(MD),that manifests after the appearance of severe non-hydropic hearing loss(NHHL)at the other ear.Objectives:to describe the clinical features and the course of 57 patients affected by CDEH.Method:this is a retrospective study;57 patients affected by CDEH,out of 1065 patients seen in the same period and affected by MD,were subjected to otoscopy,PTA threshold evaluation,impedance testing,ABR,research of positioning nystagmus,vestibular function evaluated by means of bithermal caloric test under video-oculographic,and MRI with gadolinium.Results:the CDEH was definite in 24 cases(42%),probable in 2(4%)and possible in 31(54%).The mean PTA threshold at the hydropic ear was 41 dB.At the last follow-up,40 patients(70%)did not report vertigo or fluctuating hearing loss.Among the 17 patients who still reported symptomatology,11(64%)were affected by fluctuating hearing loss alone,4(23%)reported a subjective worsening of hearing loss and 2(12%)an acute vertigo crisis.Conclusions:contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops is a relatively rare form of Meniere disease that manifests more frequently as a definite form or with fluctuating low-frequency hearing loss.The prognosis at a long term follow-up is relatively good in terms of vertigo resolution.Contralateral delayed endolymphatic hydrops rarely determines a severe hearing loss in the better ear.

Non-immune hydrops fetalis:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Fetal hydrops is a serious condition difficult to manage,often with a poor prognosis,and it is characterized by the collection of fluid in the extravascular compartments.Before 1968,the most frequent cause was the maternal-fetal Rh incompatibility.Today,90%of the cases are non-immune hydrops fetalis.Multiple fetal anatomic and functional disorders can cause non-immune hydrops fetalis and the pathogenesis is incompletely understood.Etiology varies from viral infections to heart disease,chromosomal abnormalities,hematological and autoimmune causes.CASE SUMMARY A 38-year-old pregnant woman has neck lymphoadenomegaly,fever,cough,tonsillar plaques at 14 wk of amenorrhea and a rash with widespread itching.At 27.5 wk a fetal ultrasound shows signs of severe anemia and hydrops.Cordocentesis is performed with confirmation of severe fetal anemia and subsequent fetal transfusion.The karyotype is 46,XX,array-comparative genome hybridization(CGH)negative,and infectious tests are not conclusive.In the following days there is a progressive improvement of the indirect signs of fetal anemia.At 33.6 wk,for relapse of severe fetal anemia,further fetal transfusions are necessary and an urgent cesarean section is performed.On the day 12 of life,for the detection of anemia,the newborn is subjected to transfusion of concentrated red blood cells and begins treatment with erythropoietin.Later there is a normalization of blood chemistry values and the baby does not need new transfusions.A 29-year-old pregnant woman,with Sjogren's syndrome and positive Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies,is subjected to serial fetal ecocardio for branch block.At 26.5 wk there is a finding of fetal ascites.Infectious disease tests on amniotic fluid are negative as well as quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction,Array CGH.At cordocentesis Hb is 1.3 mmol/L,consequently fetal transfusion is performed.Also in this case,due to continuous episodes of relapse of fetal anemia with consequent transfusions,at 29.4 wk a cesarean section is performed.On day 9 of life,a treatment with erythropoietin is started in the newborn,but the baby needs three blood transfusions.The search for autoantibodies in the baby found SS-A Ro60 positive,SSA-Ro52 positive and SS-B negative.The hemoglobin values normalized after the disappearance of maternal autoantibodies.CONCLUSION An attempt to determine the etiology of hydrops should be made at the time of diagnosis because the goal is to treat underlying cause,whenever possible.Even if the infectious examinations are not conclusive,but the pregnancy history is strongly suggestive of infection as in the first case,the infectious etiology must not be excluded.In the second case,instead,transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies caused hydrops fetalis and severe anemia.Finally,obstetric management must be aimed at fetal support up to an optimal timing for delivery by evaluating risks and benefits to increase the chances of survival without sequelae.

内淋巴管夹闭术治疗梅尼埃病的效果

目的:梅尼埃病(Ménière’s disease,MD)是一种特发性的内耳疾病,临床表现为反复的发作性旋转性眩晕、波动性听力下降、耳鸣和耳闷胀感。内淋巴囊相关的手术主要用于药物治疗无效的MD患者。内淋巴管夹闭术(endolymphatic duct blockage,EDB)是一种治疗MD的新术式,相关临床研究较少。本研究旨在探讨MD患者行EDB后内淋巴积水(endolymphatic hydrops,EH)的改变及手术远期疗效,评估不同类型内淋巴囊的手术效果。方法:回顾性分析33例接受EDB治疗的难治性MD患者,根据患者的内淋巴囊形态分为正常形态组(n=14)和萎缩形态组(n=19)。比较2组患者在术前和术后眩晕症状的发作频率、听力、前庭功能和内耳钆增强MRI的变化。结果:与萎缩形态组比较,正常形态组患者具有更高的眩晕完全控制率、更好的耳蜗和前庭功能以及更低的前庭内淋巴间隙体积占前庭总淋巴体积的比值(均P<0.05)。此外,正常形态组共有7例患者出现EH的逆转,而萎缩形态组术后未检测到EH的逆转。结论:正常形态和萎缩形态内淋巴囊的MD患者对EDB治疗的反应存在差异,提示2种不同病理类型的内淋巴囊可能存在不同的发病机制。

温胆汤通过调控p38 MAPK信号通路干预内淋巴积水形成的研究

目的基于p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路探讨温胆汤对内淋巴积水形成的影响。方法将30只豚鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、低剂量温胆汤组、中剂量温胆汤组、高剂量温胆汤组,每组6只。采用腹腔注射6μg/kg醋酸去氨加压素10 d的方法,对除对照组外的其他组豚鼠建立内淋巴积水模型;第11天开始,低、中、高剂量温胆汤组分别灌胃6.1 g/kg、12.2 g/kg、24.4 g/kg温胆汤颗粒剂,对照组和模型组灌胃等量双蒸水。持续灌胃10 d后处死豚鼠,免疫组化法检测耳蜗组织中炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]和水通道蛋白2(AQP2)阳性表达情况,qRT-PCR法检测耳蜗组织中AQP2和p38 MAPK mRNA表达情况,Western blot法检测耳蜗组织中p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达情况。结果与对照组比较,模型组耳蜗组织中IL-1β、IL-6、AQP2阳性表达吸光度值和AQP2 mRNA相对表达量、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK比值均明显升高(P均<0.05),p38MAPK mRNA相对表达量无明显变化(P>0.05);与模型组比较,温胆汤各组耳蜗组织中IL-1β、IL-6、AQP2阳性表达吸光度值和AQP2 mRNA相对表达量、p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK比值均明显降低(P均<0.05),p38MAPK mRNA相对表达量均无明显变化(P均>0.05)。结论温胆汤可以有效改善醋酸去氨加压素诱导的豚鼠内淋巴积水,其机制可能与调控p38 MAPK信号通路和AQP2表达有关。

TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在介导睡眠剥夺诱导膜迷路积水中的作用研究

目的探讨TLR4/NF-κB信号通路在介导睡眠剥夺诱导膜迷路积水中的作用。方法选取30只健康SD大鼠,分为空白对照组、大平台对照组、睡眠剥夺2周组、睡眠剥夺3周组、睡眠剥夺4周组,每组6只。睡眠剥夺组大鼠选用改良多平台睡眠剥夺法进行造模,大平台对照组在小平台上放置网格所制大平台,空白对照组不做处理。实验前后对各组大鼠进行旷场实验评估行为学,行听性脑干反应(ABR)检测评估听力水平;ABR检测结束后腹主动脉取血,通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)法检测血清中TNF-α、MCP-1的水平;解剖耳蜗,HE染色行中阶横截面积(SM)/(中阶+前庭阶横截面积)(SM+SV)比值评价膜迷路积水情况;通过免疫组化染色检测耳蜗中IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1、TLR4、NF-κB P65的表达,观察实验后不同睡眠剥夺时间大鼠听力水平、膜迷路积水程度及TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白及下游炎症因子表达水平变化规律,分析大鼠听力水平、膜迷路积水程度与TLR4/NF-κB信号通路的相关性。结果睡眠剥夺组大鼠ABR波II反应阈升高,较空白对照组及大平台对照组均有统计学意义(P<0.01);形态学观察:空白对照组及大平台对照组积水率为0,睡眠剥夺2周组积水率为16.67%,睡眠剥夺3周组积水率为25%,睡眠剥夺4周组积水率为25%;睡眠剥夺组大鼠血清中TNF-α、MCP-1浓度均高于空白对照组及大平台对照组,其中睡眠剥夺4周组TNF-α、MCP-1浓度较空白对照组及大平台对照组均具有统计学意义;睡眠剥夺组大鼠耳蜗螺旋神经节、螺旋器、血管纹螺旋韧带IL-1β、TNF-α、MCP-1、TLR4、NF-κB P65表达均高于空白对照组及大平台对照组。结论睡眠剥夺可能通过TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对内耳产生影响从而诱导膜迷路积水。

基于三维真实重建反转恢复序列对比不同评估方法对梅尼埃病内淋巴积水的诊断价值

目的:采用三维真实重建反转恢复(3D-real IR)序列,对比基于耳蜗和前庭的不同评估方法对梅尼埃病(MD)内淋巴积水的检出效能。方法:回顾性收集2018年8月-2022年2月于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊,符合2017年中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会诊断标准,且经鼓膜注入钆对比剂24小时后行3D-real IR序列检查的MD患者38例(45耳);同时纳入因单侧耳部症状就诊且行内耳MR钆造影检查、临床纯音测听、声阻抗、声放射检查未见明确异常的患者或MD患者的非症状侧作为对照组,共28例(30耳)。采用国内外最常用的4种基于耳蜗和前庭的评估方法(分别于2009年、2011年、2014年、2019年提出)分别判定有无内淋巴积水,分析每种方法诊断MD内淋巴积水的不同观察者间一致性、敏感度和特异度,采用MedCalc软件绘制受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,对比不同方法诊断MD内淋巴积水的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)差异。结果:2009年、2011年、2014年、2019年评估方法的不同观察者间Cohen′s K系数分别为0.752、0.911、0.820、0.820,敏感度/特异度分别为91.1%/50%、93.3%/70%、82.2%/56.7%、82.2%/56.7%。2011年方法检出MD内淋巴积水的AUC显著高于其他三种方法(Z_(2009)=2.866,P_(2009)=0.0042;Z_(2014)=2.647,P_(2014)=0.0081;Z2019=2.647,P_(2019)=0.0081)。结论:2011年评估方法在3D-real IR序列上的观察者间一致性好、诊断效能高,推荐临床应用。

胎儿胸腔积液影响因素的决策树分析

目的:采用决策树模型分析胎儿胸腔积液预后的影响因素。方法:选取郑州大学第三附属医院2016年1月—2023年1月收治的胎儿胸腔积液患者148例为研究对象,按胎儿有无水肿分为胎儿水肿组(83例)和胎儿无水肿组(65例)2组,采用χ^(2)检验或t检验进行单因素分析,采用二分类Logistic回归分析胎儿胸腔积液病例发生胎儿水肿的影响因素,并进行决策树算法(classification regression tree,CRT)分析,生成胎儿胸腔积液的临床诊断决策树,对胎儿胸腔积液预后的影响因素进行探讨。结果:单因素分析结果显示,胎儿水肿组与胎儿无水肿组的首诊孕周(χ^(2)=2.044,P=0.043)、胸腔积液位置(χ^(2)=5.628,P=0.018)、积液严重程度(χ^(2)=12.955,P=0.001)、胸腔积液转归(χ^(2)=11.704,P=0.001)比较,差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示,首诊孕周越晚(OR=0.909,95%CI:0.844~0.978,P=0.011)为胎儿水肿的保护因素,重度胸腔积液(OR=6.045,95%CI:1.980~18.451,P=0.002)为胎儿水肿的危险因素。决策树分析结果显示,首诊孕周、胸腔积液的严重程度和胸腔积液位置是胎儿胸腔积液导致水肿的影响因素,首诊孕周与胎儿胸腔积液导致水肿的关联性最强。结论:胎儿胸腔积液常同时合并有胎儿水肿,当首诊孕周越早、胎儿胸腔积液越严重、胎儿双侧胸腔积液,就越容易导致胎儿发生水肿,胎儿的预后就越差。

基于PE5参数的输气管道积液治理技术探究

在天然气管道运输过程中,受地势低洼处管道积液的影响,管道输送效率低,且影响输送安全。基于PE5参数分析对管道积液趋势,能够有效实现管道的安全运行。文章以陕西省某区块的2#集气站干线1为例,建立了管网的三维模型。在此基础上,模拟出管段中积液的分布及动态情况,论证了起伏地形下管线中积液的分布情况及积液治理的可行性。针对低海拔处管段中积液的分布情况,文章提出了三种积液治理的方案,分别是降低管网的出口压力、提高瞬时产量以及井口预先分离气液,并基于PE5参数分析了三种方案的可行性。结果显示,仅降低管网的出口压力无法解决管网的积液问题;通过提高生产井的瞬时产量到一定值,以及对部分井预先进行气液分离的操作,都可以有效地解决管网中的积液问题。因此,文章为管道运输天然气中的积液问题提供了有益的分析和解决方案,对确保管道输送安全具有重要意义。

非免疫性胎儿水肿的临床特点与妊娠结局分析

目的探讨非免疫性胎儿水肿的一般临床资料、超声特点、妊娠合并症及新生儿结局。方法收集2016年1月至2022年12月在南京医科大学附属妇产医院产科分娩的50例非免疫性胎儿水肿(NIHF)患者(胎儿水肿组)。并依据孕妇年龄、孕周等基本信息1∶2随机匹配的100例非胎儿水肿患者(对照组)。对非免疫性胎儿水肿的危险因素、妊娠并发症、母儿结局等进行回顾性分析。结果与对照组相比,胎儿水肿组的孕妇妊娠次数≥3、既往不良孕产史、初产妇比率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。典型胎儿水肿综合征16例;皮肤水肿占58.00%,全身水肿、脐带水肿占16%,胸腔积液占14.00%,腹腔积液占12.00%。胎儿水肿组的孕妇合并早产、妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多、脐带扭转、胎儿窘迫以及脐血流异常的发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。胎儿水肿组新生儿窒息发生率(包括轻度和重度)、新生儿分娩孕周以及出生体重小于对照组(P<0.001);但胎儿水肿组剖宫产率高于对照组(P<0.001)。结论对孕次≥3、既往不良孕产史等高危人群要加强监测,及时干预治疗。完善产前指导,提高产检质量,从而降低胎儿水肿的发生率,对提高人口出生质量具有重要意义。

梅尼埃病患者c VEMPs与内淋巴积水相关性研究进展

梅尼埃病(Meniere’s disease,MD)是常见的耳源性眩晕疾病,主要表现为发作性眩晕,波动性听力下降,耳鸣和耳胀满感。目前病因不明,其主要的病理学特点为内淋巴的产生与吸收失衡导致的内淋巴积水,内耳核磁钆造影使得内淋巴积水可视化,前庭积水导致前庭功能下降,颈前庭诱发肌源性电位各参数异常,已有国内外相关文献报道两者对于梅尼埃病的应用价值。本文旨总结二者在梅尼埃病中的应用价值,分析相关性,以进一步总结归纳梅尼埃病形态变化与功能变化之间的联系,更好地应用于临床,指导梅尼埃病的诊断和治疗。

宫内治疗胎儿胸腔积液合并水肿并发镜像综合征一例

胎儿胸腔积液合并水肿并发镜像综合征是一种极少见的产科病理状态,发病机制尚未明确,症状控制不佳时往往预后不良,甚至危及母儿生命。国内外关于胎儿胸腔积液合并水肿并发镜像综合征报告较少,且无针对该病的临床指南。报道1例胎儿大量胸腔积液合并水肿并发镜像综合征的孕妇,在经过胸腔-羊膜腔分流后,成功延长了孕周,改善了围产儿的预后。通过此病例报道及相关文献复习提高临床医生对胎儿水肿并发镜像综合征的认识,随着镜像综合征的发展,孕妇可能并发子痫前期,临床需高度警惕,可通过宫内治疗改善胎儿水肿情况,适当延长孕周,改善围产儿预后,同时选择到有重症救治能力的医院终止妊娠。

积水性内耳病发病机制的研究进展

积水性内耳病(HED)是一类复杂的内耳疾病,其主要病理特征是内淋巴积水(ELH),主要临床表现为听力下降、眩晕和耳鸣。本文综述了HED的病因及其发病机制的研究进展,包括ELH、免疫因素、遗传因素、内耳结构异常、内耳缺血、过敏反应、病毒与细菌感染、水通道蛋白失调、离子通道紊乱、水盐代谢激素异常等因素。通过对现有文献的分析,结合临床实践,旨在为HED的诊断和治疗提供新的思路和方法。