Construction of N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for furfural hydrodeoxygenation in ethanol

Hydrodeoxygenation of furfural(FF)into 2-methylfuran(MF)is a significant biomass utilization route.However,designing efficient and stable non-noble metal catalyst is still a huge challenge.Herein,we reported the N,O co-doped carbon anchored with Co nanoparticles(Co-SFB)synthesized by employing the organic ligands with the target heteroatoms.Raman,electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations showed that the co-doping of N and O heteroatoms in the carbon support endows Co-SFB with enriched lone pair electrons,fast electron transfer ability,and strong metal-support interaction.These electronic properties resulted in strong FF adsorption as well as lower apparent reaction activation energy.At last,the obtained N,O co-doped Co/C catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity(nearly 100 mol%FF conversion and 94.6 mol%MF yield)and stability for in-situ dehydrogenation of FF into MF.This N,O co-doping strategy for the synthesis of highly efficient catalytic materials with controllable electronic state will provide an excellent opportunity to better understand the structure-function relationship.

Rational design of Ni-MoO_(3–x) catalyst towards efficient hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived bio-oil into naphthenes

Design of a robust catalyst with high activity but the low cost for the hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) of biooils is of great importance to bring the biorefinery concept into reality.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculation was adopted to analyze the optimal location of Ni on MoO_(3-x) containing oxygen vacancy,and the corresponding result demonstrated that metallic Ni cluster located at the neighborhood of oxygen vacancies would significantly evoke HDO activity.Enlightened by DFT results,NiMoO_(4) was first hydrothermally synthesized and then employed to fabricate Ni-MoO_(3-x) catalyst via a low-temperature reduction,where Ni escaped from NiMoO_(4) and was reduced to its metallic state.Such an evolution of Ni species also induced the formation of oxygen vacancies around metallic Ni cluster.In the HDO of p-cresol,Ni-MoO_(3-x) exhibited high activity with a complete conversion and a methylcyclohexane selectivity of 99.4% at 150℃.Moreover,the catalyst showed good versatility in catalyzing HDO of diverse lignin-derived oxygenates and lignin oil.2D HSQC NMR,gas chromatograph and elemental analysis of the lignin oil demonstrated the high deoxygenation efficiency and saturation of the benzene ring over Ni-MoO_(3-x).In the upgrading of crude lignin oil,the deoxygenation degree was up to 99%,and the overall carbon yield of the naphthenes was as high as 69.4%.Importantly,the structures and carbon numbers of the naphthene products are similar to jet fuel-range cycloalka nes,which are expected to have a high density that can be blended into jet fuel to raise the range(or payload) of airplanes.This work demonstrates the feasibility for improving the targeted catalytic reactivity by rational tailoring the catalyst structure under the guidance of theoretical analysis,and provides an energy-efficient route for the upgrading of lignin crude oil into valuable naphthenes.

Enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived anisole to arenes catalyzed by Mn-doped Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)

Lignin is a renewable carbon resource to produce arenes due to its abundant aromatic structures.For the liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)based on metallic catalysts,the preservation of aromatic rings in lignin or its derivatives remains a challenge.Herein,we synthesized Mndoped Cu/Al_(2)O_(3) catalysts from layered double hydroxides(LDHs)for liquid-phase HDO of lignin-derived anisole.Mn doping significantly enhanced the selective deoxygenation of anisole to arenes and inhibited the saturated hydrogenation on Cu/Al_(2)O_(3).With Mn doping increasing,the surface of Cu particles was modified with MnO_(x) along with enhanced generation of oxygen vacancies(Ov).The evolution of active sites structure led to a controllable adsorption geometry of anisole,which was beneficial for increasing arenes selectivity.As a result,the arenes selectivity obtained on 4Cu/8Mn4AlO_(x) was increased to be more than 6 folds of that value on 4Cu/4Al_(2)O_(3) over the synergistic sites between metal Cu and Ov generated on MnO_(x).

Rational design of MoS_(2)-based catalysts toward lignin hydrodeoxygenation:Interplay of structure,catalysis,and stability

The MoS_(2)-based materials are a vital class of heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin and its model compounds to produce value-added chemicals especially because of their unique selectivity to aromatics.The rational design of MoS_(2)-based catalyst greatly depends on the comprehensive understanding of its structure-activity relationship.However,an intensive summary and critical analysis are still scarce to date.In this review,we attempt to provide an in-depth understanding of the interplay of structure,catalysis,and stability of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.The recognition of intrinsic active sites on MoS_(2) structure was firstly discussed,followed by the illustration of MoS_(2)-catalyzed hydrodeoxygenation structural models.Afterward,based on the studies on the MoS_(2)-catalyzed lignin model compounds hydrodeoxygenation,the current active site modification strategies including structural modification of monometallic MoS_(2) catalysts and collaborative modification were summarized and emphatically discussed,which aims to elucidate the structure-activity relationship at the atomic-level.The deactivation mechanism and stabilization strategies were also illustrated to provide instructive suggestion for the rational design of efficient and stable MoS_(2)-based catalysts.Finally,the real lignin depolymerization over MoS_(2)-based catalysts was summarized to point out the advantages and difficulties.This review attempts to highlight the remaining challenges and provide some perspectives for the future development of MoS_(2)-based catalysts for lignin hydrodeoxygenation.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole over Ni/α-Al2O3 Catalyst

Ni-based catalysts supported on di erent supports （α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2） were prepared by impregnation. Effects of supports on catalytic performance were tested using hydrodeoxygenation reaction （HDO） of anisole as model reaction. Ni/α-Al2O3 was found to be the highest active catalyst for HDO of anisole. Under the optimal conditions, the anisole conversion is 93.25% and the hydrocarbon yield is 90.47%. Catalyst characteriza-tion using H2-TPD method demonstrates that Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst possesses more amount of active metal Ni than those of other investigated catalysts, which can enhance the cat-alytic activity for hydrogenation. Furthermore, it is found that the Ni/α-Al2O3 catalyst has excellent repeatability, and the carbon deposited on the surface of catalyst is negligible.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Model Compounds over MoS2 Catalysts with Different Structures

Several MoS2 catalysts of different structure, prepared by in situ decomposition of ammonium heptamolybdate （AHM） and molybdenum naphthenate （MoNaph）, and by MoS2 exfoliation （TDM）, were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Energy Dispersive X-ray （EDX） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The analysis showed that MoS2 structure was dependant upon the preparation procedure. The activity of the catalysts was determined by measuring the hydrodeoxygenation （HDO） of phenol, 4-methylphenol and 4-methoxyphenol using a batch autoclave reactor operated at 2.8 MPa of hydrogen and temperatures ranging from 320-370℃. By comparing the conversion, the reactivity order of the catalysts was： AHM〉TDM-D〉MoNaph〉thermal〉MoS2 powder〉 TDM-W. Also, the effect of reaction temperature on the HDO conversion was explained in terms of equilibrium of reversible reaction kinetics. The main products of the HDO for phenolic compounds were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. The results showed that the product distribution and the HDO selectivity were correlated with the reaction temperature. Two parallel reaction routes, direct hydrogenolysis and combined hydrogenation-hydrogenolysis, were confirmed by the analysis of the product distribution. High temperature favored hydrogenolysis over hydrogenation for HDO of phenol and 4-methoxyphenol, whereas for 4-methylphenol the reverse was true.

Ru nanoparticles supported on hydrophilic mesoporous carbon catalyzed low-temperature hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae oil to alkanes at aqueous-phase

The processing of an energy carrier such as microalgae oil into valuable fuels and chemicals is quite promising.Aqueous-phase processing is suitable for this purpose because the separation of intrinsic water from the algae cell is difficult.In this study,we synthesized ruthenium(Ru)nanoparticles supported on highly hydrophilic mesoporous carbon to catalyze the quantitative hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)of microalgae oil to alkanes in a one-pot process at a low temperature(140℃)in the aqueous phase.The mesoporous carbon was obtained by single-step calcination of starch and zinc chloride in nitrogen.The as-obtained carbon showed high surface areas and pore volumes,allowing high dispersion of Ru nanoparticles.The surface of the carbon material was rich in hydroxyl groups,as evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),infrared(IR)spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)measurements.As a result,the carbon material contacted preferably with the water phase versus the organic phase,improving the accessibility of substrates.On the other hand,the contact angle test results speculated the superior hydrophilic nature of mesoporous Ru/C(ZnCl2,starch)than commercial Ru/C.Both kinetics modeling and in situ IR monitoring in water revealed the superior performance of the hydrophilic mesoporous and hydrophilic Ru/C compared to a commercial Ru/C for the tandem hydrogenation of stearic acid and decarbonylation of stearyl alcohol.The herein designed hydrothermal carbon material was highly active,environmentally benign,sustainable,and recyclable material,and could be potentially used for other hydrogenation reactions in the aqueous phase.

Required catalytic properties for alkane production from carboxylic acids: Hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid

The supported Pt catalysts(1 wt%)were prepared by the incipient impregnation method and analyzed using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction,BET surface area,oxygen adsorption,CO pulse chemisorption,temperature-programmed desorption(TPD)of acetic acid,H2-TPD,NH3-TPD,O2-TPD,and H2-TPR.The reactivity of Pt-based catalysts was studied using a fixed bed reactor at 300 C and 4 MPa for hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid,where Pt/TiO2 was very selective for ethane production.TPD experiments revealed that several conditions must be satisfied to achieve this high selectivity to ethane from acetic acid,such as Pt sites,moderate acidity,and medium metal-oxygen bond strength in the oxide support.This work provides insights in developing novel catalytic materials for hydrocarbon productions from various organics including bio-fuels.

Effect of a second metal(Co,Fe, Mo and W) on performance of Ni_2P/SiO_2 for hydrodeoxygenation of methyl laurate

NiP/SiOand bimetallic Ni MP/Si O2(M = Co, Fe, Mo, W; Ni/M atomic ratio=5) catalysts were prepared by the temperature-programmed reduction method. The catalysts and their precursors were characterized by means of UV–Vis DRS, H-TPR, XRD, TEM, CO chemisorption and NH-TPD. Their performance for the deoxygenation of methyl laurate was tested on a fixed-bed reactor. The results show that the main phase was NiP in all catalysts, and M(M = Co, Fe, Mo, W) entered the lattice of NiP forming solid solution. Different from Fe and Co, the introduction of Mo and W into NiP/SiOreduced the phosphide particle size and increased the acid amount. In the deoxygenation reaction, the turnover frequency of methyl laurate increased on the catalysts in the order of NiMoP/SiO, NiP/SiO, Ni WP/Si O2, NiFeP/SiOand NiCoP/SiO, which is influenced by the size of phosphide particles and the interaction between Ni and M(M = Fe, Co, Mo or W). The introduction of the second metal(especially Mo and W) into NiP/SiOpromoted the hydrodeoxygenation pathway. This is mainly attributed to the interaction between Ni and the second metal. Finally, the Ni MoP/SiOcatalyst was tested at 340 oC, 3 MPa, methyl laurate WHSV of 14 h-1and H/methyl laurate molar ratio of 25 for 132 h, and its deactivation took place. We found that the catalyst deactivation mainly resulted from carbonaceous deposit rather than the sintering of metal phosphide crystallites.

Encapsulated Ni-Co alloy nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives in water

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.Herein,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO catalyst.The resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO catalysts.Impressively,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%selectivity.Importantly,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co NPs.The findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.

Synergistic interaction of metal–acid sites for phenol hydrodeoxygenation over bifunctional Ag/TiO_2 nanocatalyst

The use of silver metal for hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) applications is scarce and different studies have indicated of its varying HDO activity. Several computational studies have reported of silver having almost zero turnover frequency for HDO owing to its high C\\O bond breaking energy barrier and low carbon and oxygen binding energies.Herein this work, titania supported silver catalysts were synthesized and firstly used to examine its phenol HDO activity via experimental reaction runs. BET, XRD, FESEM, TEM, EDX, ICP–OES, Pyridine-FTIR, NH_3-TPD and H_2-TPD analyses were done to investigate its physicochemical properties. Phenomena of hydrogen spillover and metal–acid site synergy were examined in this study. With the aid of TiO_2 reducible support, hydrogen spillover and metal–acid site interactions were observed to a certain extent but were not as superior as other Pt, Pd, Ni-based catalysts used in other HDO studies. The experimental findings showed that Ag/TiO_2 catalyst has mediocre phenol conversion but high benzene selectivity which confirms the explanation from other computational studies.

Alcohol-assisted hydrodeoxygenation as a sustainable and cost-effective pathway for biomass derivatives upgrading

Hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies for the upgrading of biomass-derived compounds to chemicals and fuels.However,the conventional HDO process accompanied by insecure high-pressure H_(2)leads to the hefty infrastructure cost on the industrial scale and inevitably trigger overall hydrogenation which is considered as an uncontrollable and risky approach.Accordingly,the developments of alcohol-assisted HDO can be viewed as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative.This review critically summarizes the potentials and challenges of alcohol-assisted strategy from diverse perspectives including safety,economics and catalytic efficiency.Based on the discrepancies of in-situ hydrogen generation,the alcohol-assisted strategy is divided into combined reforming-HDO route and catalytic transfer hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis(CTH)route.Furthermore,describe different catalytic behaviors and elaborate their applications among several upgrading processes of representative biomass model compounds,aiming to illustrate their potentials in biomass utilization.The influence of alcohols is highlighted because they act both hydrogen donor and solvent.At last,the current challenges and perspectives of alcohol-assisted HDO are proposed for further development and improvement.

Preparation of Ni2P/Al-SBA-15 catalyst and its performance for benzofuran hydrodeoxygenation

The Al-doped Ni2P/AI-SBA-15 catalyst with high hydrodeoxygenation （HDO） activity was synthesized by tem- perature programmed reduction at a relatively low reduction temperature of 400 ℃. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, H2 temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）, N2 adsorption-desorption and CO uptake. The effect of AI on benzofuran （BF） HDO performance was investigated. The result indicates that the incorporation of AI into the SBA-15 support can promote the formation of much uniform, smaller, highly dispersed N2P particles on the catalyst. The AI also contrib- utes to suppress the enrichment of P and promote more exposed Ni sites on the surface. In addition, the incorporation of AI can enhance the acid strength. The total deoxygenated product yield over Ni2P/AI-SBA-15 reached 90.3%, which is an increase of 19.4%, when compared with that found for Ni2P/SBA-15 （70.9%）.

Effects of indium on Ni/SiO_2 catalytic performance in hydrodeoxygenation of anisole as model bio-oil compound: Suppression of benzene ring hydrogenation and C–C bond hydrogenolysis

SiO2‐supported monometallic Ni and bimetallic Ni‐In catalysts were prepared and used for hydrodeoxygenation of anisole,which was used as a model bio‐oil compound,for BTX(benzene,toluene,and xylene)production.The effects of the Ni/In ratio and Ni content on the structures and performances of the catalysts were investigated.The results show that In atoms were incorporated into the Ni metal lattice.Although the Ni‐In bimetallic crystallites were similar in size to those of monometallic Ni at the same Ni content,H2uptake by the bimetallic Ni‐In catalyst was much lower than that by monometallic Ni because of dilution of Ni atoms by In atoms.Charge transfer from In to Ni was observed for the bimetallic Ni‐In catalysts.All the results indicate intimate contact between Ni and In atoms,and the In atoms geometrically and electronically modified the Ni atoms.In the hydrodeoxygenation of anisole,although the activities of the Ni‐In bimetallic catalysts in the conversion of anisole were lower than that of the monometallic Ni catalyst,they gave higher selectivities for BTX and cyclohexane as a result of suppression of benzene ring hydrogenation and C–C bond hydrogenolysis.They also showed lower methanation activity.These results will be useful for enhancing carbon yields and reducing H2consumption.In addition,the lower the Ni/In ratio was,the greater was the effect of In on the catalytic performance.The selectivity for BTX was primarily determined by the Ni/In ratio and was little affected by the Ni content.We suggest that the performance of the Ni‐In bimetallic catalyst can be ascribed to the geometric and electronic effects of In.

Bulk Ni-Mo Composites Prepared by Solid Reaction Method and Their Hydrodeoxygenation Performance

Bulk Ni-Mo composites were prepared by a simple solid reaction method and the hydrodeoxygenation activity of samples was examined. The test results showed that the Ni-Mo catalysts possessed high catalytic activity for hydrogenation of p-cresol under mild conditions. The XRD, N_2 isothermal adsorption, NH_3-TPD characterization analyses indicated that the excellent hydrogenation performance of Ni-Mo catalysts could be attributed to their incorporated Mo metal, the developed pore system, and the strong acidity.

Effect of ethanedioic acid functionalization on Ni/Al_2O_3 catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and isomerization of octadec-9-enoic acid into biofuel: kinetics and Arrhenius parameters

The effect of ethanedioic acid（Ed A） functionalization on Al2O3 supported Ni catalyst was studied on the hydrodeoxygenation（HDO）, isomerization, kinetics and Arrhenius parameters of octadec-9-enoic acid（OA） into biofuel in this report. This was achieved via synthesis of two catalysts; the first, nickel alumina catalyst（Ni/Al2O3） was via the incorporation of inorganic Ni precursor into Al2O3; the second was via the incorporation nickel oxalate（Ni Ox） prepared by functionalization of Ni with Ed A into Al2O3 to obtain organometallic Ni Ox/Al2O3 catalyst. Their characterization results showed that Ni species present in Ni/Al2O3 and Ni Ox/Al2O3 were 8.2% and 9.3%, respectively according to the energy dispersive X-ray result. Ni Ox/Al2O3 has comparably higher Ni content due to the Ed A functionalization which also increases its acidity and guarantees high Ni dispersion with weaker metal-support-interaction leading to highly reducible Ni as seen in the X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TPR and Raman spectroscopy results. Their activities tested on the HDO of OA showed that Ni Ox/Al2O3 did not only display the best catalytic and reusability abilities, but it also possesses isomerization ability due to its increased acidity. The Ni Ox/Al2O3 also has the highest rate constants evaluated using pseudo-first-order kinetics,but the least activation energy of 176 k J/mol in the biofuel formation step compared to 244 k J/mol evaluated when using Ni/Al2O3. The result is promising for future feasibility studies toward commercialization of catalytic HDO of OA into useful biofuel using organometallic catalysts.

Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil on Bimetallic Catalysts: From Model Compound to Real Feed

Two series of bimetallic Ni-Co catalysts and corresponding monometallic catalysts with ca. 20 wt% metal loading were evaluated in hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenol as a model compound for bio-oil. The bimetallic catalysts outperformed the corresponding monometallic catalyst in terms of conversion and cyclohexane selectivity. This could be attributed to the formation of Ni-Co alloy, which caused a decrease in metal particle size and stabilized Ni active sites in the near surface region. The balanced combination of formed Ni-Co alloy with acidity from supports allowed performing all individual steps in the reaction network toward desired products at high rate. Consequently, the two best-performing catalysts were tested in HDO of wood based bio-oil, showing that the bimetallic catalyst 10Ni10Co/HZSM-5 was more effective than 20Ni/HZSM-5 in terms of degree of deoxygenation and upgraded bio-oil yield. These findings might open an opportunity for development of a novel cheap but effective catalyst for a key step in the process chain from biomass to renewable liquid fuels.

The effect of rosin acid on hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid

In this study, inhibition of tall oil fatty acid hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) activity due to addition of rosin acid over sulfided Ni Mo/Al_2O_3 was investigated. Oleic acid and abietic acid were used as model compounds for fatty acid and rosin acid respectively in tall oil. After completion of each HDO experiment,the Ni Mo catalysts were recovered and used again under the same conditions. The results showed that the oleic acid HDO activity of sulfided catalysts was inhibited by addition of abietic acid due to competitive adsorption and increased coke deposition. The rate of carbon deposition on the catalysts increased when abietic acid was added to oleic acid feed. Moreover, the coke was in a more advanced form with higher stability for the catalysts exposed to both oleic acid and abietic acid. Furthermore, a clear correlation between the rate of coke formation and concentration of abietic acid was observed.

Hydrodeoxygenation of anisole over different Rh surfaces

The cleavage of the alkoxy(Ar-O-R) ether bond present in anisole is an interesting hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) reaction, since this asymmetric group contains two different C–O bonds, Caryl–O or Calkyl–O, which could potentially cleave. Recent work on the HDO of anisole over Pt, Ru, and Fe catalysts has shown that a common phenoxy surface intermediate is formed on all three metals. The subsequent reaction path of this intermediate varies from metal to metal, depending on the metal oxophilicity. Over the less oxophilic Pt, phenol is the only primary product. By contrast, on the more oxophilic Fe catalyst, the sole primary product is benzene instead of phenol. On Ru, with intermediate oxophilicity, both benzene and phenol are primary products. In this contribution, we have investigated Rh catalysts of varying surface nanostructures. A combination of experimental measurements and computational calculations was used to explore the effects of varying metal coordination number, an additional parameter that can be used to control the oxophilicity of a metal. The results confirm that metal oxophilicity is a good descriptor for HDO performance of metal catalysts and it can be controlled via selection of metal type and/or metal extent of coordination. Small Rh metal clusters with low coordination metal sites are more active for the deoxygenation pathway but also quickly deactivated while large clusters with high coordination sites are more active toward hydrogenation and more stable.

MgFe hydrotalcites-derived layered structure iron molybdenum sulfide catalysts for eugenol hydrodeoxygenation to produce phenolic chemicals

Hydrodeoxygenation（HDO） is an effective alternative to produce value-added chemicals and liquid fuels by removing oxygen from lignin-derived compounds. Sulfide catalysts have been proved to have good activity for the HDO and particularly high selectivity to phenolic products. Herein, we presented a novel way to prepare the layered structure sulfide catalysts（MgFeMo-S） derived from MgFe hydrotalcites via the intercalation of Mo in consideration of the memory effect of the calcined hydrotalcite. By varying the Mg/Fe mole ratio, a series of MgFeMo-S catalysts were successfully prepared and characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）,and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）. The characterization results indicated that the MgFeMo-S catalyst has retained the unique layered structure, which can facilitate uniform dispersion of the MoS2 species on both the surface and interlayer of the catalysts. For the HDO of eugenol, the Mg1Fe2Mo-S catalysts exhibited the best HDO activity among all the catalysts due to its higher active metal contents and larger pore size. The HDO conversion was 99.6% and the yield of phenolics was 63.7%, under 5 MPa initial H2 pressure（measured at RT） at 300 ℃ for 3 h. More importantly,MoS2 species deposited on the interlayer galleries in the MgFeMo-S catalysts resulted in dramatically superior HDO activity to MoS2/Mg1Fe2-S catalyst. Based on the mechanism investigation for eugenol, the HDO reaction route of eugenol under sulfide catalytic system has been proposed for the first time. Further applicability of the catalyst on HDO of more lignin-derived compounds was operated, which showed good HDO activity and selectivity to produce aromatic products.