AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter,...AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.展开更多
人即刻早期反应基因2(immediate early response 2,IER2)可能参与肿瘤的发生发展,但它在此过程中的作用及表达调控的机制仍不清楚。本研究通过在线数据库GEPIA2与Kaplan-Meier Plotter分析发现:TNF和IER2基因在食管癌组织和宫颈癌组织...人即刻早期反应基因2(immediate early response 2,IER2)可能参与肿瘤的发生发展,但它在此过程中的作用及表达调控的机制仍不清楚。本研究通过在线数据库GEPIA2与Kaplan-Meier Plotter分析发现:TNF和IER2基因在食管癌组织和宫颈癌组织中高表达。而且IER2基因高表达的食管癌病人的预后显著较差。通过UCSC基因组数据库分析发现,在宫颈癌细胞和淋巴细胞内,TNFα(由TNF基因编码)诱导激活NF-κB结合IER2基因区。qRT-PCR检测证明,在食管癌和宫颈癌等细胞内,TNFα诱导NF-κB在转录水平上调IER2基因的表达。本文据此提出,TNFα诱导NF-κB上调IER2基因的表达可能是其在食管癌和宫颈癌等肿瘤中高表达的调控机制。本研究还通过在线数据库GeneMANIA和String分析发现11个与IER2具有关联性的基因。通过在线数据库Oncomine分析发现了88个基因在食管癌细胞内与IER2基因共表达。其中,包含7个与IER2具有关联性的基因ATF3、DUSP1、EGR1、EGR2、FOSB、JUN、NR4A1。本研究通过Oncomine数据库分析证明,在前列腺癌组织细胞内,这7个基因也与IER2共表达。并通过qRT-PCR检测验证这7个基因在食管癌细胞内与IER2基因共表达。GO注释表明,IER2可能通过与ATF3、EGR1、JUN相互作用,协同参与细胞增殖等生物学过程。CCK8检测证明,IER2基因过表达促进食管癌细胞生长增殖。总之,本研究初步揭示了IER2在食管癌和宫颈癌中高表达的调控机制及其作用,为深入研究该基因功能提供了线索。展开更多
目的:观察早期生长反应蛋白2(early growth response protein 2,EGR2)在糖尿病神经病变大鼠坐骨神经中的表达情况。方法:60只大鼠取6只作为对照组,另外54只大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ),监测大鼠血糖。23只大鼠形成糖尿...目的:观察早期生长反应蛋白2(early growth response protein 2,EGR2)在糖尿病神经病变大鼠坐骨神经中的表达情况。方法:60只大鼠取6只作为对照组,另外54只大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ),监测大鼠血糖。23只大鼠形成糖尿病,其中有5只大鼠形成糖尿病神经病变。测定各组大鼠坐骨神经传导速度,每周测定一次尾静脉血糖,取小段坐骨神经作横断面电镜检查。PCR和蛋白质印迹检测坐骨神经EGR2的表达情况。结果:EGR2 mRNA及蛋白表达在糖尿病神经病变组明显高于在糖尿病组。结论:EGR2在糖尿病神经病变的大鼠坐骨神经表达明显升高,可能是通过IL6/gp130/STAT3途径导致的。展开更多
Schizophrenia(SCZ)is the most common serious mental illness with a high disability rate and heavy social and family burdens.At present,there is no clear etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Studies have shown th...Schizophrenia(SCZ)is the most common serious mental illness with a high disability rate and heavy social and family burdens.At present,there is no clear etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Studies have shown that the occurrence of schizophrenia may be related to the abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The LIM-homeobox gene 3(LHXS)and early growth response 1(EGR1)can affect pituitary function.Because the synapsin 2(SYN2)gene polymorphism regulates the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,it may cause the occurrence of schizophrenia.This article will review the possible involvement of SYN2 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via regulating the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,then to afiect the HPA axis.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the impact of sociodemographic/clinical factors on early virological response (EVR) to pegin-terferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study in Hepatology Units of 91 Spanish hospitals. CHC patients treated with peginterferon α-2a plus ribavirin were included. EVR was defined as undetectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-ribonucleic acid (RNA) or ≥ 2 log HCV-RNA decrease after 12 wk of treatment. A bivariate analysis of sociodemographic and clinical variables associated with EVR was carried out. Independent factors associated with an EVR were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis that included the following baseline demographic and clinical variables: age (≤ 40 years vs > 40 years), gender, race, educational level, marital status and family status, weight, alcohol and tobacco consumption, source of HCV infection, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (≤ 85 IU/mL vs > 85 IU/mL), serum ferritin, serum HCV-RNA concentration (< 400 000 vs ≥ 400 000), genotype (1/4 vs 3/4), cirrhotic status and ribavirin dose (800/1000/1200 mg/d).RESULTS: A total of 1014 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 44.3 ± 9.8 years, 70% were male, and 97% were Caucasian. The main sources of HCV infection were intravenous drug abuse (25%) and blood transfusion (23%). Seventyeight percent were infected with HCV genotype 1/4 (68% had genotype 1) and 22% with genotypes 2/3. The HCV-RNA level was > 400 000 IU/mL in 74% of patients. The mean ALT and AST levels were 88.4 ± 69.7 IU/mL and 73.9 ± 64.4 IU/mL, respectively, and mean GGT level was 82 ± 91.6 IU/mL. The mean ferritin level was 266 ± 284.8 μg/L. Only 6.2% of patients presented with cirrhosis. All patients received 180 mg of peginterferon α-2a. The most frequently used ribavirin doses were 1000 mg/d (41%) and 1200 mg/d (41%). The planned treatment duration was 48 wk for 92% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 24 wk for 97% of those with genotype 1/4 (P < 0.001). Seven percent of patients experienced at least one reduction in ribavirin or peginterferon α-2a dose, respectively. Only 2% of patients required a dose reduction of both drugs. Treatment was continued until week 12 in 99% of patients. Treatment compliance was ≥ 80% in 98% of patients. EVR was achieved in 87% of cases (96% vs 83% of patients with genotype 2/3 and 1/4, respectively; P < 0.001). The bivariate analysis showed that patients who failed to achieve EVR were older (P < 0.005), had higher ALT (P < 0.05), AST (P < 0.05), GGT (P < 0.001) and ferritin levels (P < 0.001), a diagnosis of cirrhosis (P < 0.001), and a higher baseline viral load (P < 0.05) than patients reaching an EVR. Age < 40 years [odds ratios (OR): 0.543, 95%CI: 0.373-0.790, P < 0.01], GGT < 85 IU/mL (OR: 3.301, 95%CI: 0.192-0.471, P < 0.001), low ferritin levels (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P < 0.01) and genotype other than 1/4 (OR: 4.716, 95%CI: 2.010-11.063, P < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors for EVR in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: CHC patients treated with peginterferon-α-2a/ribavirin in clinical practice show high EVR. Older age, genotype 1/4, and high GGT were associated with lack of EVR.
文摘人即刻早期反应基因2(immediate early response 2,IER2)可能参与肿瘤的发生发展,但它在此过程中的作用及表达调控的机制仍不清楚。本研究通过在线数据库GEPIA2与Kaplan-Meier Plotter分析发现:TNF和IER2基因在食管癌组织和宫颈癌组织中高表达。而且IER2基因高表达的食管癌病人的预后显著较差。通过UCSC基因组数据库分析发现,在宫颈癌细胞和淋巴细胞内,TNFα(由TNF基因编码)诱导激活NF-κB结合IER2基因区。qRT-PCR检测证明,在食管癌和宫颈癌等细胞内,TNFα诱导NF-κB在转录水平上调IER2基因的表达。本文据此提出,TNFα诱导NF-κB上调IER2基因的表达可能是其在食管癌和宫颈癌等肿瘤中高表达的调控机制。本研究还通过在线数据库GeneMANIA和String分析发现11个与IER2具有关联性的基因。通过在线数据库Oncomine分析发现了88个基因在食管癌细胞内与IER2基因共表达。其中,包含7个与IER2具有关联性的基因ATF3、DUSP1、EGR1、EGR2、FOSB、JUN、NR4A1。本研究通过Oncomine数据库分析证明,在前列腺癌组织细胞内,这7个基因也与IER2共表达。并通过qRT-PCR检测验证这7个基因在食管癌细胞内与IER2基因共表达。GO注释表明,IER2可能通过与ATF3、EGR1、JUN相互作用,协同参与细胞增殖等生物学过程。CCK8检测证明,IER2基因过表达促进食管癌细胞生长增殖。总之,本研究初步揭示了IER2在食管癌和宫颈癌中高表达的调控机制及其作用,为深入研究该基因功能提供了线索。
基金Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project(202101AY070001-224).
文摘Schizophrenia(SCZ)is the most common serious mental illness with a high disability rate and heavy social and family burdens.At present,there is no clear etiology and pathogenesis of schizophrenia.Studies have shown that the occurrence of schizophrenia may be related to the abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis.The LIM-homeobox gene 3(LHXS)and early growth response 1(EGR1)can affect pituitary function.Because the synapsin 2(SYN2)gene polymorphism regulates the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,it may cause the occurrence of schizophrenia.This article will review the possible involvement of SYN2 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via regulating the activity of LHX3 and EGR1,then to afiect the HPA axis.
