The Hepatoprotective Effects of Solanum Incanum on Acetaminophen-lnduced Hepatotoxicity in Guinea Pigs

Solanum incanum, a shrubby herb, is widely distributed and used as analgesic, antitoxic, and antispasmodic in folk medicine. In the present study, the protective effects of aqueous extract of S. incanum against acetaminophen induced acute liver damage were evaluated in guinea pigs. Animals were orally administered with S. incanum extract （50 and 100 mg/ kg bw） and silymarin （ 100 mg / kg bw） respectively for 6 days followed by acetaminophen administration （2 g / kg bw） at the 7th day. The results showed that the treatment with S. incanum extract significantly lowered the acetaminophen-induced serum levels of hepatic marker enzymes （AST, ALT, and ALP）, Liver histopathology also showed that S. incanum extract reduced the incidence of liver lesions including the swelling of hepatic cells, lymphocytes infiltration, nucleus condensation, and hepatic necrosis induced by acetaminophen treatment in guinea pigs. The S. incanum extract at a dose of 100 mg / kg bw was more effective in suppressing the oxidative damage than the extract at a dose of 50 mg / kg bw. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that S. incanum extract could protect liver against the acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage.

Characterization and QTL identification in eggplant introgression lines under two N fertilization levels

Lowering nitrogen inputs is a major goal for sustainable agriculture.In the present study,a set of 10 Solanum melongena introgression lines(ILs)developed using Solanum incanum as the exotic donor parent were grown under two nitrogen fertilization doses supplied with the irrigation system:1)8.25 mmol·L-1NH4NO3,corresponding to the high nitrogen treatment(HN),and 2)no external nitrogen supply,corresponding to the low nitrogen treatment(LN).Twenty traits,including plant growth and yield parameters,fruit size and morphology,nitrogen and carbon content in leaf and fruit,and phenolics content in fruit,were evaluated.The aim was to select of potential materials for eggplant breeding under low N inputs,as well as to identify and locate putative QTLs associated with the traits evaluated.No significant differences were observed between the soil characteristics of the HN and LN treatments,except for nitrogen and iron content,which was slightly lower in the HN,probably as a consequence of higher nutrient removal from soil by plants in the latter group.Analysis of variance showed that lowering nitrogen inputs did not significantly affect the final yield,fruit morphology,size and phenolics content.Most agronomic traits were highly and positively correlated with each other under both treatments,as well as total phenolics with chlorogenic acid content.The assessment of the differences between each IL and the recipient parent resulted in the identification of 36 QTLs associated with most of the traits—12 were specific to the HN,17 specific to the LN,and 7 were stable across treatments.The introgressed fragment of S.incanum generally had a negative effect on the trait,except for QTLs for fruit dry matter,for fruit length on chromosome 10 under the HN,and for fruit pedicel length on chromosome 9 under the LN.The increase over AN-S-26 of the allele of S.incanum for the QTLs detected ranged between-73.98% and 26.03% in HN and-73.67%and 34.43% in LN.These findings provide useful tools for the utilization of S.incanum in eggplant breeding under lower nitrogen fertilization.

西瓜新炭疽病菌的鉴定、生物学特性及药剂敏感性研究

为了明确2018—2021年在吉林省及周边地区发现的一种西瓜炭疽病新病原菌的分类地位,探究其防治方法,采用组织分离法获得培养形状一致的52个菌株,柯氏验证结果表明其代表菌株具有致病性,结合形态学和分子生物学特征将该病原菌鉴定为菜豆炭疽菌Colletotrichum incanum。生物学特性观察结果表明:C.incanum菌丝生长的最适培养基为PDA,最佳pH值为5,最适氮源为甘氨酸,最适碳源为淀粉,最适温度为30℃,最适光照条件为全光照;产孢最适培养基为CMA,最适pH值为5,最佳氮源为甘氨酸,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最适温度为10℃,在全黑暗条件下产孢最佳。采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法对该病原菌进行室内药剂敏感性测定。结果表明,在菌丝生长和孢子萌发方面,该病原菌对25%吡唑醚菌酯SC、350 g·L^(-1)苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、560 g·L^(-1)嘧菌·百菌清SC和40%嘧菌·戊唑醇SC敏感性均较好,可作为该病害防治的优先选用药剂。